八年级地理上册2.2气候资料拓展(新版)新人教版.doc

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1第二章 第二节 气候气候和建筑建筑是凝固的音乐,它能给人以美的享受。建筑风格的千差万别是地理环境复杂多样的结果,气候条件是影响建筑风格的主要因素之一。降雨多和降雪量大的地区,房顶坡度普遍很大,以加快泄水和减少屋顶积雪。中欧和北欧山区的中世纪尖顶民居就是因为这里冬季降雪量大,为了减轻积雪的重量和压力所建。我国云南傣族、拉祜族、佤族、景颇族的竹楼,颇具特色。这里属热带季风气候,炎热潮湿,竹楼多采用歇山式屋顶,坡度陡,达 4550;下部架空以利通风隔潮,室内设有火塘以驱风湿。这种高架式建筑在柬埔寨的金边湖周围、越南湄公河三角洲等地亦有分布。我国东南沿海厦门、汕头一带以及台湾的骑楼往往从二楼起向街心方向延伸到人行道上,既利于行人避雨,又能遮阳。湘、桂、黔交界地区侗族的风雨桥、廊桥亦是如此。降雨少的地区,屋顶一般较平,建筑材料也不是很讲究,屋顶极少用瓦,有些地方甚至无顶,如撒哈拉地区。我国西北有些地方气候干旱,降水很少,屋顶平缓,一般只是在椽子上铺上织就的芦席、稻草或苞谷秆,上面抹一层泥浆,再铺一层干土,最后用麦秸拌泥抹平就行了。宁夏虽然也用瓦,但却只有仰瓦而无复瓦。这类房屋的防雨功能较差。降水多的地方,植被繁茂,建筑材料多为竹木;降水少的地方,植被稀疏,建筑多用土石;降雪量大的地方,雪甚至也是建筑材料,如爱斯基摩人的雪屋。我国东北鄂伦春人冬季外出狩猎时也常挖雪屋作为临时休息场所。

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