备战2019年高考英语纠错笔记系列专题03形容词和副词(含解析).doc

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1、1专题 03 形容词和副词易错点 1 形容词与副词的误用1. We dont care if a hunting dog smells _, but we really dont want him to smell _.A. well;well B. bad;badC. well;badly D. badly;bad【错因分析】容易误选 B,认为两个 smell 均为连系动词,后接形容词作表语。【参考答案】 D 2. A few days later, the missing girl was found _(death) in the house.【错因分析】容易误填 deadly。有的学生

2、误以为是副词修饰动词 found而填 deadly。【试题解析】分析这个句子的结构可知,形容词 dead在句中作主语的补语,本句意为:几天后,那个失踪的女孩被发现死在那幢房子里。【参考答案】dead3. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their (nature) course.【错因分析】容易误填 natures。有的学生认为应该用名词所有格而误填 natures。【试题解析】在名词 course前作定语,要用形容词形式 natural,表示“自然的过程” 。【参考答案】natural4. He told me the n

3、ews in an _ voice.A. excite B. excited C. exciting D. excitedly2【错因分析】容易误填 exciting。有的学生可能因为对-ed 形容词与-ing 形容词的用法分不清而误选 C。【试题解析】-ed 形容词通常说明人,意为“(某人)感到” ,根据句意应该填 excited。本句意为:他告诉我那个消息,声音很激动。【参考答案】B5. Mary is very clever and _ worth teaching, but her brother is not. Look, he is now_ asleep in class.A.

4、very, very B. much, veryC. well, very D. well, fast【错因分析】容易误选 A,因为许多学生往往将汉语中的“很”与英语中的 very 等同。形容词作定语:1. 单个形容词做定语,一般放在所修饰的名词之前,但修饰 somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, nothing等复合不定代词的形容词,则必须放在不定代词之后。如:I would like something cheaper. 我想要点较为便宜的东西。 Do you know anyone anybody

5、famous in this field? 你认识这个领域的名人吗? 2. 有时,一个名词前出现有多个形容词作定语,这时,它们的顺序一般须根据它们与被修饰的中心词之间关系的密切程度而定。在通常情况下,它们的顺序为大致遵循以下原则:描绘形容词大小(长短高低)形容词形状形容词年龄(新旧)形容词颜色形容词国籍形容词材料形容词用途(类别)形容词名词【巧学妙记】3限定描绘大长高形状年龄和新老 颜色国籍出材料作用类别往后靠-ed 形容词和-ing 形容词1. 以后缀ed 结尾的形容词 (如 ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved

6、, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人,不用于说明事物,即使它们所修饰的名词是事物,那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如: He had a pleased smile on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。 He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他声音很激动地告诉了我这个消息。 第一句中的 a pleased smile 意为“满意的微笑” ,它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑; 第二句中的 a very excited voice 指的是“很激动的声音” ,即指的是某人因很激动而发生那样的声音

7、。 原则上,-ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人,若修饰事物,则多为 air(神态), appearance(外貌), cry(哭声), face(表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪), mood(等显示某人的情感状况的名词。 2. 以后缀 -ing 结尾的形容词 (如 delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于说明事物,表示事物的性质或特征,若用它们说明人,则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如: The story is very interesting. 这个故事很

8、有趣。 The man is very interesting. 这个人很有趣。 请再比较并体会以下句子: He is frightened. 他很害怕。He is frightening. 他很吓人。 He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情副词的用法:主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词在句中主要作状语。填形容词还是副词? 动词后面一般都跟副词,但不是所有动词后面都跟副词,实义动词后面跟副词,连系动词后面跟形容词。 如:She sings beautifully. (sing 是实义动词

9、,beautiful 用来说明唱得如何) 4Tom draws well.(draw 是实义动词,well 用来说明画得如何) My teacher is young and tall.(is 是系动词,后面跟形容词) She looks sad. (look 是连系动词,后面跟形容词) 还有一些不是连系动词的词,例如 make和 get,要根据句子的意思判断填形容词还是副词。区分:He is making a kite carefully.(carefully用来修饰 make这个动词) He made the teacher angry.(angry是指 the teacher,而不是修饰

10、 make这个动词) The student got quiet when the teacher came in.(quiet是指 the student,而不是修饰 got这个动词) I get up early.(early修饰动词 get up) She leaves the room quickly.(quickly修饰 leave这个动词) Please leave the door open.(open是指 the door,而不是修饰 leave这个动词) 于是有词组:make sb+adj. leave sb+adj. get+adj 因此,填形容词还是副词,首先要弄清楚句子

11、的意思,判断所修饰的成分是名词/代词还是动词,修饰前者的用形容词,修饰后者的用副词。1. Masha, a hostess on a Chinese TV program, could not forget those _ moments when she first arrived in China, _ about Chinese culture.A. embarrassing; confusing B. embarrassed;confusingC. embarrassing; confused D. embarrassed;confused【解析】考查非谓语(形容词) 。 “那些令人尴

12、尬的时刻” ,是指物,用-ing 结尾的形容词作定语;“他对中国文化感到困惑” ,是指人,用-ed 的结尾的形容词作伴随状语。故选 C。【答案】 C2. After ten days traveling, the couple arrived home, _.A. tired and delighted B. tired but delightedC. tiredly and delightedly D. tiredly but delightedly5【答案】B【名师点睛】形容词作状语的用法归纳:1. 形容词或形容词短语作状语,表示方式或伴随,说明谓语动作的方式,它在句子中有时像非限制性分句

13、一样,表示意义上的增补。其逻辑主语是句子的主语。在这种情况下,其位置比较灵活,可位于句首或句末,有时也可位于句中。 Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear.(= Crusoe, who was full of fear, stared at the footprint.)克鲁索两眼盯着脚印看,满心恐惧。 Flushed and breathless, she bounded in through the gate. 她满脸通红气喘吁吁从大门口跑了进来。 2. 形容词或形容词短语可以作原因状语,一般位于句首,有时也可位于句子中间。 Afraid

14、of being scolded, for a moment, little Franz thought of playing truant.(=As he was afraid of being scolded, for a moment, little Franz thought of playing truant.)由于害怕挨骂,小弗朗兹一时起了逃学的念头。 Eager to improve farming conditions, they tried out this new crop on a large area.(=As they were eager to improve fa

15、rming conditions, they tried out the new crop on a large area.) 由于急于改进耕作条件,就大面积地试种了这种新庄稼。 Tom, very ill, sent for a doctor.(=As Tom was very ill, he sent for a doctor.) 因为汤姆病得很厉害,派人请医生去了。 3. 形容词或形容词短语可以作状语,表示时间和条件。通常位于句首,也可位于句末。 Ripe, these apples are sweet.(=When/If these apples are ripe, they are

16、sweet.) 熟了的时候这种苹果很甜。 Enthusiastic, they are quite cooperative.(=When/If they are enthusiastic, they are cooperative. ) 热心的时候他们是很合作的。 4. 形容词或形容词短语可以作让步状语,常由一个形容词或连词 or连接的两个或两个以上的并列形容词构成。一般位于句首,有时也可位于句中。 6Right or wrong, he always comes off worst in an argument because of his inability to speak cohere

17、ntly.(=Whether he is right or wrong, he always comes off worst because of his inability to speak coherently.) 无论有理还是无理,由于他语言条理欠佳总是把事情弄得最糟。 Wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park.(=Whether it was wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park.) 不管天晴还是下雨他总是六点起床在公园里散散步。 Th

18、e two accidents, tragic, seemed natural enough. (=Though they were tragic, the two accidents seemed natural enough.) 尽管两场事故损失惨重,然而是必然的。 5. 形容词或形容词短语可以作状语,表示结果和状态等意义。它在句中的位置比较灵活。 For a moment she just stood there, unable to believe what had just happened. 她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿,不敢相信刚才发生的事情。3. Indeed a lot of s

19、killful methods are used in many advertisements to cheat consumers. Not all ads play tricks on us .A. instead B. though C. still D. anyway【答案】B易错点 2 连接副词的用法1. He was upright,loyal and highly respected. ,he was dismissed from office.【错因分析】易误用 But。【试题解析】前后两句是转折关系,而空格后面有逗号,故要用副词 However。【参考答案】However 2

20、. While migrant workers may bring about new problems to the cities, they contribute greatly 7to the development of them, _.A. though B. yetC. meanwhile D. otherwise【错因分析】易误选 B。由语境可知前后句表示转折关系,yet 作连词时可以表示“但是” ,但是不位于句末。【试题解析】考查副词的用法。A. though虽然,然而; B. yet但是,仍然,尚,已经 C. meanwhile同时;D. otherwise否则,在其他各方面

21、。句意:尽管农民工可能给城市带来新的问题,然而,他们对城市的发展贡献很大。根据句意可知 C、D 项不符合句意,可排除;根据句子结构可知此处应用副词放于句末,though作副词时表示“然而” ,常放于句末且用逗号与其他成分隔开,故 A项正确;yet 表示“但是”时不放于句末,故 B项错误。故选 A。【参考答案】A常见的连接副词:表转折 表递进 表结果 表让步though, yet, however(其后常用逗号),otherwise, instead等besides, moreover, stilltherefore, thus anywayWhat a terrible experience!

22、 However, youre safe nowthats the main thing.多么可怕的经历啊!不过你现在安全了这是主要的事情!注意:instead, besides 等很多词都是起连接作用的副词,不能做连词使用,因此它们所在的句子和前面的句子之间只有语义上的逻辑关系,而句子之间在语法上是独立的,因此两个句子之间要用句号、分号或用and连接。1. Li Ping works hard at his lessons. He didnt get the first place in the exam, _.A. though B. yet C. however D. although8

23、【答案】A【名师点睛】although 和 though 用作连词时可以通用,但 though可用作副词放于句尾,而 although则不可以。2. Though the boy came back to life, _ he was still weak.A.but B.yet C.however D.so【解析】本题考查连词词义辨析。句意为:尽管这个男孩已经苏醒,但是他仍然很虚弱。but“但是” ,是表示转折意义的连词;yet“然而” ,是表示转折意义的副词,通常与 not等连用;however“然而” , 是表示转折意义的副词;so“所以” ,是表示因果关系的连词。根据句意以及句首的 T

24、hough可知选 B。句首有 Though时不能与 but或 however连用。【答案】B易错点 3 形容词与副词的比较等级1. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _(clean) than ever.【错因分析】容易填 clean。有的学生没有注意到后面有 than,这里要用比较级。【参考答案】cleaner2. - How did you find your trip to Water Park in the summer of 2016?- I thoroughly enjoyed it

25、. It was _ than I expected.A. even much interesting B. far more interestingC. so far interesting D. far from interesting9【错因分析】容易误选 A。有的学生知道此题应该用比较级,想到 much也可以修饰比较级,故误选 A。【试题解析】考查形容词。根据后面的“than I expected”可知,此处运用比较级 more interesting,而 far可以修饰比较级。故选 B。【参考答案】B修饰形容词,副词比较级的常用修饰词有:no, a little, a bit, mu

26、ch, even, still, a lot, a great deal, far, by far, rather, any等。1) 只用于修饰比较级的: much,still,even 2) 既可以修饰比较级又可以修饰原级的:a little, a bit, rather 等 。 3) even修饰形容词,副词的比较级,以加强比较的语气和程度。 4) 在这些词中,其中 no在修饰比较级时,在意义上否定两者,表示前者在某方面不比后者强多少。 He is no richer than Peter. 他不比彼得富裕多少.=He is as poor as Peter. 他和彼得一样穷。表示前者比后

27、者强一点时,通常采用 a little,a bit 等。 The room is a bit larger than that one.这个房间比那个稍大一点。 5)表示前者比后者强很多时,通常采用 much,even,still 等。(still 修饰形容词,副词的比较级时,可以位于 比较级之前或之后。) He works still harder than ever. =He works harder still than ever. 他比以往更加努力学习了。 6)表示前者在某方面远远地超过对方时,通常采用 far,by far,a lot,a great deal 等。 Matters

28、are a lot better than ever before. 情况远远比以往好。 7)在否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中,修饰形容词,副词的比较级,只能用 any来修饰。 He cant jump any higher. 他不能跳得更高了。 Can he jump any higher? 他能跳得更高一些吗? If you can jump any higher, I will give you a prize.如果你能跳得更高些,我就奖励你。Work harder, Jim. _you practice, _ you can understand.A. The most; the be

29、st B. The more; the betterC. The less; the better D. The least; the worst10【答案】B【名师点睛】比较级的用法归纳:1)比较级的单独运用 Would you please speak more slowly?请讲慢一点,好吗? Cant you live here a little longer?不能在这里再多住点时间吗? 2)比较级+than这种句式可以表达一方超过另一方的情况,也可以表达一方不如另一方的情况。 The cars running less smoothly than it used to.这辆汽车跑得没

30、有过去平稳了。 John drove much more carefully than I. 约翰开车比我小心的多。 3) “no + 比较级+ than” “都不” ,是对两者的共同否定,且侧重前者。 “not + 比较级+ than” “不比更” ,表示相比较的两者情况相当。 Josie speaks Chinese no more fluently than her brother.乔西汉语说得和她弟弟一样都不流畅。 I run not faster than you.我不比你跑得快。 4)比较级 + and + 比较级 这种句式用于表示自身情况的逐渐增长,意为“越来越” 。 The f

31、ire spread further and further with the wind blowing more and more strongly.随着风越刮越大,大火蔓延得越来越远。 With time going on, we are getting on better and better with one another. 随着时间的流逝,我们之间相处的越来越好。 5)the + 比较级the + 比较级 这种句式用来表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度平行增长,意为 “越(就)越” 。 The harder you work, the better youll learn.你越努力,学

32、得越好。 The more you talk to the children, the less they will listen.你对孩子们谈得越多,他们听进去的就越少。易错点 4倍数句型的用法11Its said that the power plant is now _(两倍大)as what it was.【错因分析】容易受汉语思维影响,误填 twice larger或误填 two times。【参考答案】 twice as large用 times 表示倍数(一般限于包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍的数,一般用 twice ) 。其句式有: 1) “ times 形容词 /

33、副词的比较级 than ”例如: Line AB is three times longer than line CD. 线段 AB 是(线段) CD 的三倍长。 This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅比我们的教室大 5 倍。 2) “ times +as + 形容词 / 副词的原级 as ”例如: This table is three times as long as that one. 这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍长。 This dictionary is five times as thick as the one y

34、ou borrowed from the library. 这本词典的厚度是你从图书馆借的那本(厚度)的 5 倍。 3) “ times + the + 名词(如: size, height, weight, length, width 等) of ”例如: The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球的体积是月球的 49 倍。 This river is three times the depth of that one. 这条河是那条河的三倍深。 4) “ times + more 名词 than ”例如: He earns five tim

35、es more money than he did ten years ago. 他现在挣的钱比十年前挣的多 5 倍。 There are twice more students in our class than in theirs.我们班的学生人数比他们班多两倍。 5) “times +as many (或 much )名词 as”例如: Weve produced twice as much cotton this year as ( we did ) ten years ago. 12今年我们生产的棉花比十年前多了一倍。 (汉语中的多一倍实际上也指两倍一样多。 ) He has got

36、 three times as many books as his sister. 他拥有的书的数量是他妹妹的 3倍。 6) “times + what 从句”例如: The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago. 这条路的长度是三年前的 4 倍。 The price of the meat is twice what it was last year.肉价是去年的两倍。The house rent is expensive here. Ive got about half the space I had at

37、 home and Im paying _(3倍多)as I paying _(3 倍多)as I paid at home.【解析】句意:这里的房租昂贵。这里的面积只有我在家的一半,并且我付的房租是我在家所付房租的 3倍。由 as可知本句用了“asas”原级比较结构。enough 用法归纳 1. enough 可以做名词、代词,意思是“足够、充分” 。 作代词可以代替可数名词或不可数名词,在句中作主语或宾语。 Enough has been said on this subject.关于这一问题的说明已经足够了。 At the end of six months he had learned

38、 enough (enough Russian) to read articles and reports. 六个月以后,他就学到了足够的俄文,达到了能够阅读用俄文写的文章和报告的程度。 No, thanks, Ive had enough. (enough food)不,谢谢,我已经吃饱了。 At that time the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded; there was not enough (enough land) for the population.那时候,长江沿岸的土地上人口越来越稠密,再也

39、容纳不下那么多人了。 注意:当 enough 后的名词前有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词或其本身就是代词 时,要用介词of。 Weve had enough of your coldness. 我们已经受够了你的冷漠。 Did you buy enough of them? 这种原料你买够了吗? 2. enough 作形容词,意思是 “足够的、充分的” ,常与 for或不定式连用,可以作定语 或表语。作定语13置于被修饰的名词前后均可,前置时强调 enough,后置时强调被修饰词。 I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have

40、one.我希望每位客人都能够有一个杯子。 Enough is enough.够了就是够了。 3. enough 作副词,意思是 “十分地、充分地、足够地、充足地 ”,置于被修饰的形容词 或副词之后,常与不定式或介词 for连用,在句子中作状语,表示程度。 You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. 你十分地勇敢地在会议上提出了反对的意见。 Im sorry, none of you watched carefully enough. 很遗憾,你们当中谁都观察得不够仔细。 4. enough 作感叹词,意思是“够了!停止!住

41、手!不要再继续了!” ,用以表达不耐烦或 恼怒。 Youve been practicing the violin all afternoon. Enough! 你整个下午都在练小提琴。够了!5. 用在 “主语 + cannot + enough”句型中 该句型形式上是否定句型,实际上表达的是肯定意义,意思是“再也不过分;越越”enough 用作副词。 I cant thank you enough. 我对你感激不尽。 (我怎么感谢你都不算过分。 )常用形容词辨析 1. common, ordinary, usual common 表示“普通的,一般的,多见的”与 rare“罕见的,珍稀的”相

42、反。 Dont tell me about that! Its a common sense.要对我讲那个,那都是常识。 ordinary 表示“普通的,平常的,不特殊的”与 special“特殊的”相反。 Yesterday he got up earlier than usual, for it was not an ordinary day for him. 昨天他比平时起得早,因为昨天对他来说是个不寻常的日子。 usual 表示“通常的,平常的” 。一般指所熟悉的常用的东西或常发生的事件的性质。 He wasnt his usual self.他失去了常态。 2. alive, liv

43、ing, live, lively 14alive 作表语或后置定语,表示“有生命的,活的” Of these two men the former is dead, but the latter is still alive.这二人中前者已死,但后者仍活着。 living 作表语或定语,表示“活的,健在的,现行的。 ” His grandmother is still living at the age of 97.他奶奶已 97岁,仍然健在。 live 作 定 语 , 一 般 指 修 饰 鸟 或 其 他 动 物 , 不 修 饰 人 , 表 示“活 的 , 有 生 命 的 ”; 还 可 表

44、示 “实 况 的 , 直 播 的 ”。 如 :a live show 现场直播 That is a live fish. 那是一条活鱼。 lively 作定语或表语,表示“活泼的,有生气的,生动的。 ” She gave us a lively description about his life in Africa.她生动地叙述了他在非洲生活的情况。 3. alone, lonely alone 表示“单独,独自一个人” ,不含感情色彩。 The old woman lives alone, but she doesnt feel lonely.这位老太太自己一个人住,但她并不感到孤独。 l

45、onely 指人孤独,寂寞;也可指地方偏僻,荒无人烟,有浓重的感情色彩,可作表语或 定语。 That night I went to bed feeling ashamed, lonely and discouraged. 那天夜里我去睡觉时,感到羞愧,寂寞和气馁。 Antarctica is the loneliest place on the earth.南极是地球上最偏远的地区。 4. well, healthy well 表示短期的或暂时的“身体好” 。 I am not feeling very well.我觉得身体不舒服。 healthy 表示较长时间的身体状态,意义为“健康的,身

46、体好的。 ” They are healthy children.他们是健康的孩子。 5. likely, probable, possible likely 既可以说“It is likely + that 从句” ,又可以说“sb. /sth. is likely to do sth. ” It is likely that he will be late. = He is likely to be late.他可能会迟到。 probable 常用“It is probable + that 从句”句型;表示的可能性比 possible 大“极有可 能” Its probable, not

47、 only possible.这件事多半如此,不只是可能。 15possible 常用“it is possible (for sb. ) to do sth. 或 “it is possible + that 从句” ;表示的可 能性不大。 Its possible for him to solve the problem.他可能解决那个问题。 注意:probable 和 possible都不可用人作主语。likely 的可能性位于其他两者中间。常用副词辨析 1. just, just now, right now just 刚刚,刚才(多用于完成时)Ive just had a talk with Tom. 我刚同汤姆谈过话。 just now (= a moment ago) 刚才(用于一般过去时) I had a talk with Tom just now. 刚才我同汤姆谈过话了。 right now (= right away) 就在现在(用于现在时或进行时) Im having a talk with Tom right now. 我现在正在同汤姆谈话。 2. ago, before, since ago 用于表示以现在为起点的“以前” 。 (常与一般过去时连用) I sa

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