(全国通用版)2019高考数学二轮复习专题六函数与导数规范答题示例9导数与不等式的恒成立问题学案文.doc

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1、1规范答题示例 9 导数与不等式的恒成立问题典例 9 (12 分)(2017全国)已知函数 f(x)ln x ax2(2 a1) x.(1)讨论 f(x)的单调性;(2)当 a0 讨 论 2ax 1的 符 号 应 依 据 a分 类 讨 论(2) 要 证 明 fx 34a 2 fxmax 34a 2 fxmax 34a 2 0. 令 x 12a, 造 函 数 gx fxmax 34a 2 证 明 gxmax 0规 范 解 答分 步 得 分 构 建 答 题 模 板(1)解 f(x)的定义域为(0,),f( x) 2 ax2 a1 (x0).2 分1x x 12ax 1x若 a0,则当 x(0,)时

2、 f( x)0,故 f(x)在(0,)上单调递增.4 分若 a0;(0, 12a)当 x 时, f( x)0).1x当 x(0,1)时, g( x)0;当 x(1,)时, g( x)0 时, g(x)0.从而当 a2,令 f( x)0,得x 或 x .a a2 42 a a2 42当 x 时, f( x)0.(a a2 42 , a a2 42 )所以 f(x)在 , 上单调递减,(0,a a2 42 ) (a a2 42 , )在 上单调递增(a a2 42 , a a2 42 )(2)证明 由(1)知, f(x)存在两个极值点当且仅当 a2.由于 f(x)的两个极值点 x1, x2满足 x2 ax10,所以 x1x21,不妨设 01.由于 1 afx1 fx2x1 x2 1x1x2 ln x1 ln x2x1 x22 a 2 a ,ln x1 ln x2x1 x2 2ln x21x2 x2所以 a2 等价于 x22ln x20.fx1 fx2x1 x2 1x2设函数 g(x) x2ln x,1x由(1)知, g(x)在(0,)上单调递减又 g(1)0,从而当 x(1,)时, g(x)0.所以 x22ln x20,1x2即 a2.fx1 fx2x1 x2

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