(全国通用版)2019高考数学二轮复习压轴大题突破练(三)函数与导数(1)理.doc

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1、1(三)函数与导数(1)1(2018江南十校模拟)设 f(x) xln x ax2(3 a1) x.32(1)若 g(x) f( x)在1,2上单调,求 a的取值范围;(2)已知 f(x)在 x1 处取得极小值,求 a的取值范围解 (1)由 f( x)ln x3 ax3 a,即 g(x)ln x3 ax3 a, x(0,),g( x) 3 a,1x g(x)在1,2上单调递增, 3 a0 对 x1,2恒成立,1x即 a 对 x1,2恒成立,13x得 a ;16 g(x)在1,2上单调递减, 3 a0 对 x1,2恒成立,1x即 a 对 x1,2恒成立,13x得 a ,13由可得 a的取值范围为

2、 .( ,16 13, )(2)由(1)知,2当 a0 时, f( x)在(0,)上单调递增, x(0,1)时, f( x)0, f(x)单调递增, f(x)在 x1 处取得极小值,符合题意;当 01,13 13a又 f( x)在 上单调递增,(0,13a) x(0,1)时, f( x)0,(1,13a) f(x)在(0,1)上单调递减,在 上单调递增,(1,13a)f(x)在 x1 处取得极小值,符合题意;当 a 时, 1, f( x)在(0,1)上单调递增,13 13a在(1,)上单调递减, x(0,)时, f( x)0, f(x)单调递减,不合题意;当 a 时,00, f(x)单调递增,

3、13a, 1)当 x(1,)时, f( x)0),ax a xexx当 a0 时, f( x)0时,令 f( x)0 得 a xex0,即 xex a,3又 y xex在(0,)上是增函数,且当 x时, xex,所以 xex a在(0,)上存在一解,不妨设为 x0,所以函数 y f(x)在(0, x0)上单调递增,在( x0,)上单调递减,所以函数 y f(x)有一个极大值点,无极小值点综上,当 a0 时,无极值点;当 a0时,函数 y f(x)有一个极大值点,无极小值点(2)因为 aN * 0,由(1)知, f(x)有极大值 f(x0),且 x0满足 x0e a,可知 f(x)max f(

4、x0) aln x0 e,要使 f(x)0,所以 ln x0 0,11.7 11.8且 yln x0 在(0,)上是增函数1x0设 m为 yln x0 的零点,1x0则 m(1.7,1.8),可知 00, a0, m(x)单调递增;当 x(e,)时, m( x)1时, h( x) f( x) g( x)0恒成立,即 ln xe x2 ax2 ae0 恒成立,令 t(x)ln xe x2 ax2 ae, t( x) e x2 a,1x设 (x) e x2 a, ( x)e x ,1x 1x2 x1,e xe, 0, (x)在(1,)上单调递增,即 t( x)在(1,)上单调递增, t( x)t(

5、1)1e2 a,当 a 且 a1 时, t( x)0,1 e2 t(x)ln xe x2 ax2 ae 在(1,)上单调递增, t(x)t(1)0 成立,当 a 时,1 e2 t(1)1e2 a0,1ln 2a存在 x0(1,ln 2 a),满足 t( x0)0. t( x)在(1,)上单调递增,当 x(1, x0)时, t( x)0不恒成立实数 a的取值范围为(,1) .(1,1 e2 4(2018福建省百校模拟)已知函数 f(x) x1 aex.(1)讨论 f(x)的单调性;(2)设 x1, x2是 f(x)的两个零点,证明: x1 x24.(1)解 f( x)1 aex,当 a0 时,

6、f( x)0,则 f(x)在 R上单调递增6当 a0,得 xln ,(1a)则 f(x)的单调递减区间为 .(ln(1a), )(2)证明 由 f(x)0 得 a ,1 xex设 g(x) ,则 g( x) .1 xex x 2ex由 g( x)0,得 x2.故 g(x)min g(2) 1时, g(x)0,不妨设 x14等价于 x24 x1,4 x12且 g(x)在(2,)上单调递增,要证 x1 x24,只需证 g(x2)g(4 x1), g(x1) g(x2) a,只需证 g(x1)g(4 x1),即 1143exx ,即证 24e (x13) x11h(2)0, h(x)在(1,2)上单

7、调递增, h(x)4得证5(2018长沙模拟)设函数 f(x) xln( x )1 x2(1)探究函数 f(x)的单调性;(2)当 x0 时,恒有 f(x) ax3,试求 a的取值范围;(3)令 an 6nln (nN *),试证明: a1 a2 anax3;0, 1 6a9a )()当 a0 时, h( x)0,同理可知 f(x)ax3,综上, a的取值范围是 .16, )(3)证明 在(2)中,取 a ,198则 x 时, xln( x ) x3,0,33) 1 x2 19即 x3ln( x )x,取 x 2n,19 1 x2 (12)an 6nln n,则 a1 a2 an .19(12) (12)2n 1 (12)4n(14)141 (14)n1 14 13

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