1、1第 7讲 定语从句1Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.(2018江苏，23)Athat BwhereCwhich Dwhen答案 B解析 句意为：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界上其他国家处在同一起跑线的领域。分析句子结构可知，area 作定语从句的先行词，从句中缺少地点状语，要用 where引导。that 和which为关系代词，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；when 是关系副词，在定语从句中作时间状语。2She and her family bicycle
2、to work， helps them keep fit.(2018北京，5)Awhich Bwho Cas Dthat答案 A解析 此处应该选 A项，which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前面整个主句的内容(她和家人骑自行车上班这件事)，which 在从句中作主语。用 who引导定语从句时，先行词应该指人；as 引导非限制性定语从句时，常位于句首且结构相对固定；that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。3Kate， sister I shared a room with when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia.(2018天津，
3、2)Awhom Bthat2Cwhose Dher答案 C解析 句意为：凯特，在大学时我与她的姐姐同住一个房间，已经去澳大利亚工作了。Kate与 sister是所属关系，应用 whose引导定语从句。4In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017江苏，28)Awhich Bits Cwhose Dwhom答案 C解析 句意为：联合国在 1963年成立了世界粮食计划署，该组织的一个宗旨是减轻世界范围内的饥饿程度。本空需要关系代词引导非限
4、制性定语从句，先行词 the World Food Programme与 purposes之间为所属关系，故用 whose作 purpose的定语，因此选 C项。5The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017北京，31)Athat Bas Cwhere Dwhen答案 A解析 句意为：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能是伟大发明的灵感。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是 the little problems，且从句中缺少宾语，故用that。
5、as 引导定语从句时，多用于 the same.as.，such.as.等结构中；where，when 引导定语从句时，在从句中分别充当地点和时间状语。6My eldest son， work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.(2017天津，9)Athat BwhoseChis Dwho答案 B解析 句意为：我的长子现在在纽约，他的工作让他全世界到处跑。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词，且与其后的名词有所属关系，故应用 whose。7Many young people，most were we
6、ll-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016江苏，23)Aof which Bof themCof whom Dof those答案 C解析 句意为：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐梦想，他们中的大多数人都受过良好的教育。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为 many young people，作介词 of的宾语，3故要用 whom。8Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of has bee
7、n proved.(2016浙江，11)Awhom BwhichCwhat Dthat答案 B解析 句意为：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，其中没有一个得到证实。分析句子成分可知，逗号后是“代词ofwhich/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是 many theories，指物，故应用 which。诊断报告考向 对应题号 我的薄弱环节1 关系代词引导的定语从句 2,3,5,62 关系副词引导的定语从句 13“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 4,7,84 非限制性定语从句 2,3,4,6,7,8解题方法 三法定关系词1先行词还原法如果认为是定语从句，大家可以把前面的名词
8、直接还原到从句中，如果此句意思通顺，并且句子结构正确，则为定语从句。2四看法正确选择引导定语从句的关系词是学习定语从句的难点，大家可以在找出主句后使用“四看法”来正确解答试题：一看指人还是物；二看介词在何处；三看句中作何用；四看是否属特殊，这样就能准确判断关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，如作主语、宾语、表语，需选择关系代词 who，whom，that，which；如作定语，需选择 whose，of which 或 of whom；如作状语，需选择关系副词 when，why，where。3还原法定介词“介词关系词”考查的重点在于“用不用介词”和“用什么介词” 。因此在答题时考生必须注意解题思路。
9、考生可采用“先行词还原法”将先行词还原到从句中来确定正确的介词，具体做法是：4(1)把先行词放在从句中，根据句子的意思来判断用不用介词和用什么介词。(2)注意从句中动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。考点 1 关系代词引导的定语从句I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.Awhose Bwhy Cwhere Dwhich答案 A解析 句意为：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为couple，由句意可知 children与 couple之间为所属关系，故用关系代词 whose。考点归纳
10、1who 和 whom指人，who 在定语从句中作主语；whom 在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用 who代替 whom。2whose 指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时常可用 of which取代。考点 2 关系副词引导的定语从句1The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.Awhere BwhichCwhen Dwho答案 A解析 句意为：该公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，这样他的员工就可以在这种氛围中享受工作的乐
11、趣。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为 an easy atmosphere，且从句中缺少地点状语，故要用 where。2We will put off the picnic in the park until next week， the weather may be better.Athat BwhereCwhich Dwhen答案 D解析 句意为：我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知定语从句中缺少时间状语，故用 when引导。考点归纳1关系副词 when，where，why 的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为 reason)的名词，在从句中作
12、状语。有时可用“介词which”结构替换。(1)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work 5where a good impression is a must.在日常交流中这本书对我帮助很大，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作之中。(2)I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade，when I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.直
13、到五年级我才成为一个热衷攀爬的人，在那时我登高去拿下一个卡在树枝上的风筝。2当先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，即使是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。3当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage 等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词 where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。考点 3 “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句He wrote many children s books，nearly half of were published in the 1990s.Awhom BwhichCthem
14、 Dthat答案 B解析 句意为：他写了许多儿童读物，几乎有一半的书是在二十世纪九十年代出版的。逗号之后是一个修饰 childrens books的非限制性定语从句，which 指代 childrens books。考点归纳1若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用 whom，指物时常用 which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构。(1)I wish to thank Professor Smith，without whose help I would never have got this far.我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么远。(2
15、)We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs.我们正在寻找这本书的主人。2 “介词关系词”结构中介词的选用(1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；句子的意思。(2)表示“整体和部分关系” ，介词常用 of。常见结构：在 some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each 等代词或数词的前、后可以用 of which/whom。6the比较级或最高级前、后用 of which/whom等。(3)有
16、时“介词where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。考点 4 非限制性定语从句 The number of smokers， is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.Ait Bwhich Cwhat Das答案 D解析 句意为：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了 17%。as 引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如” ，符合句意，故选 D项。考点归纳关系代词 as与 which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句，指代主句的整个意思。但 as和 which具有不同的词义、句法
17、和用法。1as 意为“正如，像” 。as 引导的定语从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。(1)The famous magician Liu Qian，as we all know，is from Taiwan.众所周知，著名魔术师刘谦来自台湾。(2)As is often the case，girls like dolls while boys like guns.女孩喜欢玩具娃娃而男孩喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。2which 引导的定语从句在意义上近乎并列关系时，可以用 and this，and that代替，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。它只能位于主句的后面。(1)He changed his mi
18、nd again，which(and this/that) made us all angry.他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。(2)She tore up my photos，which (and that) upset me.她撕碎了我的照片，这使我很不安。3as 有以下常见的“固定表达”：as we all know 众所周知；as I can remember 正如我所记得的；as often happens 正如经常发生的那样；as we expect 正如我们预料的那样；as you see正如你所见；as was expected 正如预料的那样； as can be se
19、en 看得出来； as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样；as has been said above 如上所述；as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样；as is often the case 情况常常如此；as everybody can do 正如人人都能做到的那样。1Coming-of-age is a ceremony young people wear traditional costumes 7to mark the transition from youth to adulthood.(2018南京三模，23)Athat BwhatCas
20、Dwhere答案 D解析 句意为：成人礼是一个仪式， 在这个仪式中年轻人穿着传统服饰以纪念从少年到成年的转变。先行词为 ceremony，从句中缺少地点状语，故用 where来引导定语从句。2The reason matters most in his failing the English test is he pays little attention to sentence structures.Awhy；that Bthat；thatCwhich；because Dwhat；because答案 B解析 分析句子结构可知，第一空是一个定语从句的引导词，修饰先行词 reason，从句缺少主
21、语，因此用关系代词，由此排除 A、D 两项；第二空是表语从句引导词，从句不缺少任何成分，而且语意完整，因此选 that。故 B项正确。句意为：他英语考试失败最主要的原因是他很少关注句式结构。3An official said the plan had also taken migrant workers into account， medical care would be provided even if they didnt have a stable job.Afor whom Bfor whichCwith whom Dwith which答案 A解析 句意为：一个官员说这个计划也考虑
22、到了进城务工人员，即使没有稳定的工作也会给他们提供医疗保健。本题为以 migrant workers为先行词的定语从句，由 sth.be provided for sb.可知，从句部分缺少宾语，故用 for whom。4We are living in an age QR codes(二维码) are becoming more and more popular in our daily life.Awhy BthatCwhose Dwhen答案 D解析 句意为：我们生活在一个二维码在日常生活中越来越受欢迎的时代。先行词是表示时间的 age，定语从句中缺少时间状语，故选 D。5A series
23、 of policies has been adopted so far benefits the poverty-stricken people will enjoy.(2018南通、泰州一调，26)Awhich BthatCwhose Das8答案 C解析 首先后面“the poverty-stricken people will enjoy”不完整，缺少宾语，宾语应当为该项政策带来的好处，benefits 和 policies之间为从属关系，用 whose。故选 C。6The air quality in the city， is shown in the report，has impr
24、oved over the past two months.Athat BitCas Dwhat答案 C解析 通过分析句子成分可知，这里是 as引导的非限制性定语从句，as 正如，在这里作主语。that 不能引导非限制性定语从句；what 不能引导定语从句。故选 C。7As to Gaokao reform，the spokesman had a sincere conversation with journalists，the press release of has already been made public.(2017镇江一模，23)Awhom BwhichCwhen Dwhere
25、答案 B解析 句意为：关于高考改革，发言人与记者们进行了真诚的交谈，交谈的新闻稿已经被公开了。先行词为 conversation，指事物，关系词在定语从句中作 of的宾语，故选 B项。8Its strongly advised that smokers not be allowed to smoke in any room babies currently occupies.(2017苏锡常镇四市一模，34)Awhere BwhoseCthat Das答案 C解析 句意为：人们强烈建议吸烟者不能在任何有婴儿的房间里吸烟。先行词为 room，定语从句中 babies是主语，occupy 是谓语动
26、词，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that，故选 C项。9Keeping a regular sleep schedule is important for setting a babys body clock， researchers note should be in place by about 4 months of age.(2017南京三模，31)Awhose BwhichCwhen Dwhere答案 B解析 句意为：保持有规律的睡眠计划对于调整婴儿的生物钟很重要，研究人员指出，到孩子大约 4个月大的时候应该调整到位。根据句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，9从句中缺
27、少主语，应用 which引导，故选 B项。10We are committed to creating a world free from the homeless and the hopeless，a world each and every corner is a true paradise.(2017南京、盐城二模，29)Athat BwhichCof which Dfrom where答案 C解析 句意为：我们致力于创造一个远离无家可归和绝望的世界，一个每个角落都是真正的乐园的世界。先行词为 world，代入定语从句后为 every corner of the world is a t
28、rue paradise，故选 C项。专题强化练(七).单项填空1Newly released data point to an increase in technology use among children some worry is changing the very nature of childhood.(2018苏锡常镇一调，24)Awhy BwhichCwho Dwhere答案 B解析 some worry为插入语可略去不看，which 指物指代 an increase in technology use among children这个现象，故选 B。2Lots of peo
29、ple have stories about dangerous situations they stepped out into the street， to be nearly hit by a quick-moving e-bike.(2018常州高三上期末，26)Athat；just Bthat；yetCwhere；hardly Dwhere；only答案 D解析 “they stepped out into the street”并非对前面“situation”的名词解释，所以不是同位语从句， “situation”暗示“在这个形势下”应当是个抽象地点名词，用where，排除 A、B
30、。后面句子中已有“nearly” ，不用 hardly，用 only to do表示一种出乎意料不愉快的结果。故选 D。3The project is based on an agreement，one of purposes is to ensure that the project can be accomplished before the deadline.Awhose BwhichCits Dwhat10答案 A解析 分析句子结构可知，后句表示“这项协议的目的之一在于” ，先行词是agreement，定语从句中缺少主语 purposes的限定词，故 A项正确。4Some biolog
31、ists believe this is an ancient survival strategy， a diet with 30 percent fewer calories than usual increased life span.Afor which Bto whichCof which Din which答案 D解析 句意为：一些生物学家认为这是一种古代的生存策略，即饮食比平时少摄入 30%的能量能延长寿命。通过分析句子成分可以看出，先行词为 survival strategy，从句部分缺少状语，再结合句意可知应用 in which。5Young people who have g
32、ot jobs may realize university lessons cant be the only preparation for all of the situations appear in the working world.Awhere BwhenCthat Dwhat答案 C解析 句意为：已经找到工作的年轻人可能意识到大学课程对于工作世界中出现的所有情况不是唯一的准备。that 充当关系代词，引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。6We are creating a new vision for public health all of society work togethe
33、r to get healthier and live longer.(2017南通一模，24)Awhich BwhomCwhere Dwhen答案 C解析 句意为：我们正在为公共健康创造全新的蓝图，整个社会一起努力使得人们变得更健康、更长寿。先行词是 a new vision，从句缺少地点状语，用关系副词 where作从句的地点状语，故选 C项。7It is broadcast on TV that the 88th Academy Award Ceremony was held in Dolby Theatre seats an audience of approximately 4,00
34、0.(2018南京高淳区、淮海中学等 97校联考，29)Awhere BwhoseCwhich Dwhen答案 C解析 句意为：在杜比剧院举行的第 88届奥斯卡颁奖典礼在电视上播出，该剧院能容纳约114 000观众。it 为形式主语，that 从句是句子的真正主语，里面包含一个定语从句，先行词是 Dolby Theatre指物，先行词在定语从句中作主语用关系代词引导，故选 C。8In my opinion，ones individual income does not wholly reflect the extent ones self-value and social value are
35、realized.(2017苏锡常镇四市二模，26)Aof which Bwith whichCon which Dto which答案 D解析 句意为：我认为一个人的收入不能完全体现其自我价值和社会价值实现的程度。to the extent是固定搭配，意为“达到这种程度” 。which 引导定语从句，指代 extent，并作介词 to的宾语，故答案为 D。9Teachers in primary schools influence the kids fall under should be role models.(2017苏北六市联考，27)Awhose BwhoCwhere Dwhich
36、答案 A解析 句意为：小学老师们应该成为榜样，孩子们会受到他们的影响。根据句子结构可知，teachers是定语从句的先行词，孩子是受到老师的影响，即 the kids fall under the teachers influence，应用 whose引导定语从句，作 influence的定语，故选 A项。10Scientists think calculating is a necessary skill they base their researches.(2017苏北四市第一次调研，28)Aon it Bon thatCon which Don whose答案 C解析 句意为：科学家认
37、为计算是必要的技能，他们的研究以此为基础。根据句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词为 skill，on it 不能引导定语从句，介词后不能用 that，排除A、B 两项；把先行词代入定语从句后为 they base their researches on the skill，由此可知选 C项。11 our senses are quite great and can generally meet our needs to go through the day，they are not all the things they could be.(2017华罗庚中学调研，24)AAs；that
38、BAlthough；whatCThough；which DWhile；that答案 D12解析 句意为：尽管我们的感官很了不起，并能大体上满足我们过完一天的需求，但是这些可能并不是它们的全部。根据句意可知，前后内容存在转折关系，故第一空用although，though 或 while引导让步状语从句；第二空引导定语从句，先行词是 things，且前面有 all修饰，关系词在定语从句中作表语，应用 that引导，故选 D项。12We see Jesus in the children of unemployed parents， struggle to offer their children
39、a secure and peaceful future.(2018镇江一模，31)Awhose BwhomCthat Dwho答案 D解析 句意为：我们在父母失业的孩子身上看到了耶稣，这些父母为了给孩子提供安全又和平的未来而作出极大的努力。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 unemployed parents，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用 who引导定语从句。故选 D项。13The inner thoughts of the two young persons are revealed in the book， both of them fail to express.(2017南通
40、、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，29)Awhere BwhenCwho Dwhich答案 D解析 句意为：这本书中揭露了这两个年轻人都未能表达的内心想法。分析句子成分可知，本题为非限制性定语从句。先行词为 the inner thoughts，从句中 express的后面缺少宾语，结合句意可知 which符合题意。14More and more shoppers are simply heading to a shopping centre， parking is free and easy.Awhere BwhichCwhen Dthat答案 A解析 句意为：越来越多的购物者只会去一个停车免费且方便
41、的购物中心。根据句子结构和句意可知，此处应用 where在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a shopping centre，且where在从句中作地点状语。15Stress is everywhere and in fact it isnt such a bad thing it is often supposed to be.Aas BthatCwhat Dwhich答案 A解析 句意为：压力无处不在，而且事实上它并不像人们常常认为的那样是件坏事。根据句13子结构可知，空处在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a bad thing，并在从句中作表语，且先行词前有 such修饰，故此处应用 as来
42、引导该定语从句。.完形填空My family was fortunate enough to earn a 100-dollar prize when we ate at a fast food restaurant.We had been planning a day of feeding homeless and hungry people with our good 16 .So we headed to local Peoples Park.After about an hour we 17 23 individuals to enjoy the 18 .But there were
43、two people that I will never 19 .First was Shawn.He was the second person that we 20 a meal to and he gladly 21 it.But he wouldnt just take it.As we were on our way to 22 more meals，he yelled out at me to wait.He returned with a few beads he called “gems(宝石)” Shawn sent me the gems 23 ，which he may
44、have seen as a(n)24 for the meal，but I just saw them as a 25 .He said， “These are real gems！” In the end it doesnt matter if they are 26 .To Shawn，he offered me his gems and that was what I received.As we were walking on we 27 Hari.He was sitting off the sidewalk and we asked him if hed like a meal.
45、He told us he was a vegetarian(素食者)，to which we were able to respond， “Youre 28 and we have a vegetarian meal.” He 29 our kindness with many repetitive “Thanks”Here are two people with very few 30 ，and they even need to 31 others to survive.With so little，Shawn 32 offered me a present from his prize
46、d collection of gems.And Hari， 33 taking any food，he holds to his 34 of not eating meat.I was blessed to meet both Shawn and Hari，as my life continues to teach me 35 ，values，and gratitude.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者一家在外就餐时有幸获得了 100美元的奖券，于是他们打算利用这些奖券买些食物送给那些无家可归和饥饿的人。而作者施行善举时也深深地被他人的感恩和坚守触动。16A.fortune Btraditi
47、onCknowledge Dpersonality答案 A解析 根据上文的“My family was fortunate enough to earn a 100 dollar prize when we ate at a fast food restaurant.”可知，作者一家外出就餐时有幸获得了价值 100美14元的奖券，故此处指的是他们一直都在计划用自己的好运为无家可归和忍受饥饿的人提供食物。fortune 运气，符合语境。tradition 传统；knowledge 知识；personality 个性，性格。17A.recommended BencouragedCcommanded
48、 Dinvited答案 D解析 根据语境可知，作者他们出发去了当地的人民公园，且大约一个小时之后，他们就邀请了 23个人前来享用这顿美味佳肴。invite 邀请，符合语境。recommend 推荐；encourage鼓励；command 命令。18A.treat BhonorCjourney Dcompany答案 A解析 参见上题解析。treat“款待，美味食物”与上文的“feeding”及下文多次提到的“meal”等词相呼应。故选 A。19A.ignore BforgetCsuspect Dabandon答案 B解析 根据下文的内容可知，作者遇到的 Shawn和 Hari深深地触动着作者。故此处指但是有两个人作者决不会忘记(forget)。ignore 忽视；suspect 怀疑；abandon 抛弃。20A.owed BawardedCoffered Dreturned答案 C解析 根据上文的“We had been plan
