1、看懂图表你需要注意的几个要点,首,尾藏主旨，概括考提炼,What news stories do you read,Divisions of news stories,_ of the two classes,Unstable boundaries of the two classes,In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events
2、, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health. News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later.,首,尾藏主旨，概括考提炼,What news stories do you read,D
3、ivisions of news stories,_ of the two classes,Unstable boundaries of the two classes,Explanations,细,节考替换，要点必复现,What news stories do you read,Division of news stories,People except to get _ from reading news.,News stories are roughly divided into two classes.,Some news will excite their readers insta
4、ntly while others wont.,People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and d
5、elayed reward.,细,节考替换，要点必复现,What news stories do you read,Division of news stories,People except to get _ from reading news.,News stories are roughly divided into two classes.,Some news will excite their readers instantly while others wont.,rewards/rewarded,留,意同根词，搭配要记清,News of immediate reward will
6、 seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual _.,Explanations of the two classes,Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and _similar feelings with those involved.,News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy
7、 an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.,留,意同根词，搭配要记清,News of im
8、mediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual _.,Explanations of the two classes,Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and _similar feelings with those involved.,involvement,share,留,意同根词，搭配要记清,News of delayed r
9、eward will make readers suffer, or present a _ to them.,Explanations of the two classes,News of delayed reward will induce the reader to _ for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to _ from the reality.,News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes
10、 requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prep
11、ared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.,留,意同根词，搭配要记清,News of del
12、ayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a _ to them.,Explanations of the two classes,News of delayed reward will induce the reader to _ for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to _ from the reality.,threat,prepare,withdraw,词,有上下位，概括还要看搭配,What readers expect from
13、news stories are largely shaped by their _ .,Unstable boundaries of the two classes,Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and _ themselves to the reality. Thus, the division, on the whole, _on the reader.,For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these t
14、wo classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meet
15、ing, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party.,In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while th
16、e division of categories holds in general, an individuals tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.,词,有上下位，概括还要看搭配,What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their _ .,Unstable boundaries of the two classes,Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and _ themselves to the reality. Thus, the division, on the whole, _on the reader.,profession(s)/intention,adapt,depends,Have fun!,
