1、1写作写作历来是高考试卷的一个重要组成部分。随着高考改革的不断推进，浙江省的英语高考写作分为两个题型，一是应用文写作，要求根据提示写一篇 80 词左右的英语短文，分值为 15 分。二是读后续写或概要写作，读后续写要求考生对已给出的一篇 350 词左右的短文进行 150 词左右的续写，概要写作要求根据文章写出 60 词左右的文章概要，这两种形式分值都是 25 分。根据高考考试说明 ，读后续写和概要写作会在不同考次不定期交替使用，从 2016 年 10 月浙江第一次新高考到 2018 年 6 月高考都是考的读后续写，没有考查概要写作。但不管怎样，考生应对两者都给予高度重视，认真对待。考生平时要在老
2、师的指导下全面了解专家命题方向，同时，还要了解写作技巧。第一讲 应用文写作(20186 月浙江高考)假定你是李华，你校英语协会招聘志愿者，接待来访的国外中学生。请你写信应聘，内容包括：1口语能力；2相关经验；3应聘目的。注意：1词数 80 左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。试题分析 试题是一篇半开放的作文，写作文体是申请信，就接待国外中学生的志愿者岗位进行申请。话题贴近考生生活，所给要点清晰，且留给考生一定的发挥空间。但要点提示中只列出了大概内容，细节需要考生自己发挥。在写作时，文章开头表明写信目的；文章中间段将所给提示用英文表达出来，可以适当增加细节；文章结尾段应表达对对方回复的期待。
3、 参考范文：2Dear Sir/Madam，Ive learned that the English Association of our school is now in need of some volunteers to receive foreign students visiting our school.Im writing to apply to join it，thinking that Im well qualified for the job.For one thing, I have developed fluency in spoken English.I have n
4、o difficulty communicating with them.For another, I have accumulated related experience by working parttime in a travel agency, accompanying some foreign tourists.And I treasure this as a good chance to broaden my perspective as well as improve my spoken English.Looking forward to your early reply.Y
5、ours，Li Hua应用文是人们日常生活、工作和学习中为处理日常事务、解决具体问题而应用的一种常见文体，具有很强的实用性。近三年浙江高考英语在应用文写作方面的命题形式多为文字提示，写作形式主要有书信、电子邮件、通知、演讲稿、倡议书等。一、题型特点要知晓(一)写作特点应用文是浙江高考英语写作的一种重要的考查文体。它贴近考生的生活实际，易于表达，能充分考查考生的写作水平。由近三年浙江高考英语应用文考查内容和形式可总结出，应用文通常具备以下特点：1有明确的针对性应用文都有明确的针对性，即写作目的。它是为处理和解决某个实际问题而进行的写作。因此，它有着明确的特定读者对象，有强烈的针对色彩。从内容选择
6、、格式安排到词汇、句式的运用，都要针对写作目的与读者对象而行文。2有较固定的格式根据不同的写作内容或任务，不同的应用文有不同的相对固定的格式和行文方式。3有较强的时效性一般来说，应用文往往是在特定的时间针对特定的对象来处理特定的问题，需尽快地传递相关信息，时效性很强。因此执行时间、有效期和成文日期等时间要素非常明确，不及时发文，会使其失去实用价值。(二)写作步骤考生在进行应用文写作时，从审题到成文可以遵循以下步骤。3第一步：仔细审题审题时，一是要注意题目要求中的写作体裁是书信、发言稿还是报道等。二是要注意写作背景部分中的有用信息(写作时要写的信息)。三是要注意要点提示，不要遗漏要点。四是要弄清
7、注意事项中对词数、行文、书写等方面的具体要求。五是要确定文章的主体时态和人称。第二步：精心谋篇谋篇时，一是要根据写作体裁合理安排写作要点的逻辑顺序，确定好先写什么，后写什么。二是要根据写作体裁确定短文的分段及详略。三是注意不要遗漏要点。第三步：初写成文按照审题和谋篇时的思路进行初次写作。考生一定要严格按照事先规划好的要点写作顺序边想边写。初写时，如果遇到表述困难，要及时更换用词或句式，尽可能地减少语言错误。第四步：润色升级初写成文后，为突显文章的亮点，要对文章的词汇和句式进行升级，用高级词汇代替普通词汇，用高级句式代替一般句式。第五步：复查定稿1查内容信息是否完整。2查句子结构是否完整。如英文
8、句子一定要有主语和谓语，且在人称和数方面要注意主谓一致；两个分句之间一般要有连词。3查是否有单词拼写错误、时态错误等。4看整个语篇是否连贯。(三)注意事项在应用文的写作过程中要注意：信息覆盖的全面性、结构组织的条理性与逻辑性、语言使用的准确性、文体格式的正确性。一篇好的应用文，应该含有以下几点：1包括所有需要表达的要点，内容完整；2语言自然流畅，语法、词汇、标点等运用准确；3有效地采用多种衔接手法，文字连贯，层次清晰；4运用较高级的词汇和句型；5格式与语义的使用恰当得体；6书面整洁。4二、常见文体有“模”套电子邮件和普通书信文体特点英文电子邮件和普通书信的写法和格式大体相同，其开头、结尾常常都
9、会给出，正文可根据作文要求分段把内容表达清楚即可。具体写作结构为：Error!电 子 邮 件 /普 通 书 信亮点句式 开头常用语1I am very glad to have received the letter you sent me two days ago.我很高兴收到你两天前寄给我的信。2There is nothing happier to me than to receive your letter.再也没有比收到你的来信更让我开心的了。3Sorry to reply to your letter so late.抱歉这么晚才给你回信。 主体部分常用语1Ive been thi
10、nking about the question you wrote in the letter.In my opinion, you should .我一直在思考你信中提到的这个问题。在我看来，你应该2If necessary, we can arrange a facetoface discussion sometime this week.如果有必要，本周我们可以找个时间安排一次面谈。 结尾常用语1Id appreciate it if you could make a response at your earliest convenience.如果您能在方便时尽早回信，我将非常感激。2
11、Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.盼望能尽快收到你的回信。感谢信文体特点感谢信是重要的礼仪文书，是向帮助、关心和支持过自己的集体或个人表示感谢的书信，有感谢和赞扬双重意思。具体写作结构为：感谢信Error!5亮点句式 开头常用语1I am writing this letter to express my sincere thanks for .我写这封信是为了表达我对的真诚感谢。2I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for .在信中我要为向
12、你表达我诚挚的谢意。3Thank you so much for the gift you sent me.Its one of the most wonderful gifts I ever got.非常感谢你给我寄来的礼物，这是我收到的最好的礼物之一。4Many thanks for all the things you have done in helping us to .非常感谢你为帮助我们所做的一切。5I would like to take this opportunity to express my great appreciation for your timely help
13、 and assistance.我谨借此机会非常感谢你给予的及时帮助和支持。6On behalf of my whole family, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude for .我谨代表我全家对表示真诚的感激之情。 结尾常用语1Nothing will be able to erase our wonderful memories; we will remember them forever.没什么能抹掉我们美好的记忆，我们会永远牢记在心。2Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to
14、 you！/Thanks again for your kind help.我再次对你表示衷心的感谢！/对你的热心帮助再次表示感谢。3I appreciate it more than I can say./I can never thank you enough.感激之情，无以言表。申请信文体特点申请信有很多种，比如求职申请、加入某组织或活动的申请、报考申请、留学申请等。由于此类题目常有较多的文字提示，写作时除应注意格式上的要求外，也应注意审题全面，不能遗漏要点。具体写作结构为：申请信Error!亮点句式6 开头常用语1I learned on your website that .我从你们
15、的网站上得知2Im writing to apply for the job/post/position as .我写信申请的工作/职位。3I am writing this letter to recommend myself as a qualified candidate for .我写信推荐自己为的合格人选。 主体部分常用语1As an outgoing .I get along well with my classmates.作为一名外向的我和同学们相处得很好。2For one thing, I can help .For another, I can improve my Engl
16、ish, make more friends, and enrich my life.一方面，我能帮助另一方面，我能提高我的英语水平，结交更多的朋友，丰富我的生活。3I am confident that Im suitable for ./Im qualified to do ./Im equal to (doing) sth.我确信，我适合/我有做的资格/我能胜任(做) 结尾常用语1I would greatly appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。2Shou
17、ld you offer me an interview, I would be most grateful.Look forward to your reply soon.如果您能给我提供面试机会，我将非常感激。期待您的早日答复。邀请信文体特点邀请信是邀请收信人参加某项活动的书信，在写作时，语气要热情真挚，不要强人所难。具体写作结构为：邀请信Error!亮点句式 开头常用语1Were throwing a surprise party for .Wed like to invite you to ./Its my honor to invite you to .7我们将为举办惊喜派对。我们想
18、邀请你/非常荣幸地邀请你2We are having/planning .on .(date) and we feel it would be a great idea if you can join us.我们将于(日期)举行(活动)，如果你能来参加就太好了。3It is with the greatest pleasure that I write to invite you to .我感到十分高兴能写信邀请你 主体部分常用语1Here are some details about this activity./Some details about this activity are as
19、 follows.这次活动的细节如下。2I would like to meet you there and please let me know your decision soon.我想在那里见到你，请尽快告诉我你的决定。 结尾常用语1I would feel honored if you could come./We would appreciate it if you could confirm your participation at your early convenience./An early reply is appreciated.如果你能来，我倍感荣幸。/如果你能尽早在
20、你方便时确认参加，我们将不胜感激。/感激你的早日回复。2My family and I would feel much honored if you could come.如果你能来，我和我的家人将会感到非常荣幸。3Would you please drop me a line to let me know whether you can come to .?你是否能来请写信告诉我，好吗？建议信文体特点建议信是生活中常见的一种文体，是写信人向收信人对某事提出的建议或忠告。建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确，具有合理性和说服力。具体写作步骤一般是“三段式” ，通常以 firstly, secondl
21、y, thirdly 或 to begin/start with, then, later, last but not least 等依次陈述建议。具体写作结构为：建议信Error!亮点句式 开头常用语1I know you have trouble in .after reading your letter.I am writing to 8give you some suggestions/offer you some advice.在读了你的信后，我知道你在上有困难。我写这封信的目的是给你一些建议/忠告。2Youve asked me for advice with regard to/
22、regarding .and Ill try to make some useful suggestions here.关于你向我征求建议，在此，我会尽力提出一些有用的建议。 主体部分常用语1The following are my suggestions./My suggestions are as follows.我的建议如下。2In my opinion/Personally/As far as Im concerned, it would be wise to take the following action.在我看来，采取如下行动是明智的。3I think it would be
23、more beneficial if you could .我认为如果你能可能会更有利。 结尾常用语1I hope you will find these suggestions helpful./I hope my suggestions will be of benefit to you.我希望你会发现这些建议有帮助。/我希望我的建议对你有益。2I believe you will take my advice into account/consideration seriously.我相信你会认真考虑我的建议的。推荐信文体特点从推荐者的情况来分，可以分为自荐信和推荐信两种。具体写作结构为
24、：推荐信Error!亮点句式 开头常用语1Im very pleased to learn that you are going to .Im writing this letter to offer my recommendation to you.得知你将我很高兴，我写这封信是向你提供我的建议。2Please allow me to introduce one of my best friends to you.请允许我向你介绍一位我最好的朋友。3I am writing to introduce one of my college classmates in Beijing.我写信是要介
25、绍一位我在北京时的大学同学。9 主体部分常用语1The reason why I recommend .is that .我推荐的原因是2So I hold the belief that .be(am/is/are) quite suitable for the post.所以我认为很适合这个职位。 结尾常用语1Thanks for your attention and hope to receive your reply.多谢你的关注，希望能收到你的回复。2I would be grateful if you could give her some help.如果你能给她提供一些帮助我将不
26、胜感激。3Ill be more than happy if you can take my suggestions/ideas into consideration.如果你能考虑我的建议/想法，我会非常高兴。求助信文体特点写英文求助信的原因是目前自己遇到了一些困难，需要请求对方帮助。因此整篇文章应用一般现在时表达文意，当描述自己得到帮助后的进步时应用一般将来时。具体写作结构为：求助信Error!亮点句式 开头常用语1Hearing you have much experience in . I am writing to ask you for help.听说你在方面很有经验，在此我写信向你
27、求助。2I have some difficulty in doing .which bothers me a lot.So I have no choice but to you for help.我在做方面有困难，这很困扰我。所以我别无选择只能向你求助。 主体部分常用语1What bothers me is that I dont know what to do.困扰我的事情是我不知道做什么。2I wonder how to deal with the problem.我想知道如何解决这个问题。3Im eager to get your timely help./Im eager for
28、your timely help.我渴望得到你及时的帮助。104Faced with/Facing so many difficulties, I have to turn to you for help.面对如此多的难题，我不得不向你求助。 结尾常用语1I would appreciate it if you could do me a favor.如果您能帮忙，我将不胜感激。2Im sure I can make great progress with your help.我相信在你的帮助下我会取得很大的进步。道歉信文体特点道歉信通常是在因自己的过失或疏忽给别人带来了麻烦或损失并发觉的情况
29、下，为了向对方表示歉意而写的信件。具体写作结构为：道歉信Error!亮点句式 开头常用语1I am writing this letter to apologize to you for .我写这封信是因向你道歉。2I would like to express my deepest apology/regret for not being able to/my failing .因为没能我向你表达最真诚的歉意/悔意。3I remember we planned to .but now because .I cannot .with you as planned.我记得我们计划但是现在由于我不
30、能与你如期4I must apologize for any inconvenience it may have caused you.为此事可能给你带来的任何不便，我深表歉意。5I am very sorry for my not being able to .due to the fact that .我非常抱歉不能因为这个事实6I regret to inform you that I cannot . /am unable to .我遗憾地告知你我不能7I must make a sincere and humble apology to you for .我必须为真诚而谦卑地向你道歉
31、。 结尾常用语1Please allow me to say sorry again.请允许我再次道歉。112Will you please accept my apology?请你接受我的道歉，好吗？3With apologies once again./With many apologies.再次表示抱歉。/十分抱歉。4Please accept my sincere apology for .once more.请再次为接受我真诚的道歉。5I sincerely hope that you will kindly accept my apologies.我衷心希望你能宽容地接受我的道歉。
32、祝贺信文体特点祝贺信是一种向收信人表示祝贺的信件，一般用于对收信人有什么喜事或取得了什么成绩，如婚姻、节日、寿诞、毕业等的祝贺。具体写作结构为：祝贺信Error!亮点句式 开头常用语1I want to congratulate you with all my heart.我想向你致以最诚挚的祝贺。2Congratulations on your winning first prize in the .contest.祝贺你在比赛中获得一等奖。3You dont know how excited and happy we felt at the news of .We are proud of
33、 your achievement.得知的消息，你不知道我们有多激动、多开心。我们为你取得的成就而自豪！ 主体部分常用语1I have been watching your progress with admiration all the years, and I know more than anyone else how much effort you have put in.这些年来，我一直钦佩地注视着你的进步，我比任何人都知道你付出了多大的努力。2I am delighted that the three years of your effort has been rewarded i
34、n this way.我很高兴你三年的努力得到了这样的回报。3It is obvious that you will have a promising future.很显然，你将会有一个充满希望的未来。 结尾常用语1Wish you good luck and success in the coming .祝你在接下来的有好运并取得成功。122I hope you can make every effort to realize your dream.我希望你尽一切努力实现你的梦想。演讲稿文体特点演讲稿包括发言稿、致辞、竞选稿等，该文体通常要有吸引力，明确发言的对象。演讲稿在语言使用上一定要准
35、确简明、通俗易懂、层次清楚、条理分明。具体写作结构为：演讲稿Error!亮点句式 开头常用语1My name is .Today I am very glad to have the opportunity to make this presentation.I shall be speaking about .我是今天很高兴能有机会做这个演讲。我演讲的内容是2Good morning, everyone! It is my great honor to share with you my opinions on .大家上午好！很荣幸能和你们分享一下关于我的看法。3Its my honor t
36、o stand here and say something about friendship.我非常荣幸站在这里并谈谈关于友谊的话题。 主体部分常用语1The topic of my speech today is .我今天演讲的主题是2As far as I am concerned, I think it is a good idea to .就我而言，我认为是一个好主意。3As is known to us all, failure is the mother of success, but few people can really understand what the sayin
37、g means.众所周知，失败是成功之母，可是很少有人真正理解这句格言的真谛。 结尾常用语1Thanks for your listening (to my speech)感谢大家倾听(我的演讲)。2Thats all I want to say about this point.关于这一点，我就讲这些。通知文体特点通知是应用文中较为常见的一种形式，分为书面通知和口头通知。英语书面通知主要13由 4 部分组成：标题、通知正文、发通知单位、发通知的日期。标题(NOTICE)写在正文上方居中，发通知的单位一般写在正文右下角，发通知的日期一般写在正文右下角发通知单位的下方。口头通知所使用的语言具有明
38、显的口语特征，通俗易懂。通知的写作思路如下：通知Error!亮点句式 开头常用语1May I have/call your attention, please?请大家注意一下，好吗？2Attention, please, everybody!请大家注意！3I have an announcement to make.我有一个通知要宣布。4I have something to tell you.我要告诉大家一些事情。 主体部分常用语1There will be a talk this afternoon.今天下午将有一场讨论会。2The Student Union has decided th
39、at .学生会已决定3We shall have a lecture on .我们将举行关于的研讨会。4It has been decided that well pay a visit to .已经决定我们将参观 结尾常用语1Please attend it on time and dont be late.请按时到场，不要迟到。2I hope you can have a good time.我希望你们玩得开心。3Everyone is welcome to attend/take part in it.欢迎所有人参加。4Thats all.Thank you.就这些，谢谢。倡议书14文体
40、特点倡议书属于应用文的一种，是为倡议、发起某项活动而写的号召性的公开提议性的专用书信。倡议书由标题、称呼、正文、结尾、落款五部分组成。具体写作结构为：倡议书Error!亮点句式 开头常用语1I think it is every citizens duty to work hard to achieve this goal.我认为努力工作来实现这个目标是每个公民的责任。2Nowadays, people in many big cities are always complaining about the heavy traffic.现在，许多大城市的人们总在抱怨拥挤的交通。3In order
41、 to build a “harmonious society”， I think we should try our best to do whatever we can.为了建设“和谐社会” ，我认为我们应该尽最大努力做我们能做的。 主体部分常用语1We are supposed/required/expected to choose a healthy and environmentally friendly way of traveling, that is, bicycle riding.我们应该选择一个既健康又环保的旅游方式，那就是骑自行车。2In my opinion, we s
42、hould try to develop healthy eating habits to build up a strong body.Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.在我看来，我们应该努力培养健康的饮食习惯来强壮我们的体质。只有用这样的方法我们才能有足够的精力来更好的学习。 结尾常用语1It is high time that we started/should start from ourselves and reduced/reduce traffic pressure by riding a bik
43、e.是我们从自身做起，通过骑自行车来减少交通压力的时候了。2If everyone does one thing for our school, I believe we will turn our school into a better place to study and live in.如果每个人都为我们学校做一件事情，我相信我们会把学校变成一个更好的学习和生活的地方。3As long as we work together, we can make the impossible possible.只要我们团结奋斗，就能把不可能变为可能。(一)电子邮件和普通书信15佳作荐读(2018全
44、国卷)假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友 Terry 将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件，内容包括：1到达时间；2合适的礼物；3餐桌礼仪。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。读美文，助写作Dear Terry，Nice to hear from you.I learn that youre coming to visit one of your Chinese friends.Im now writing to tell you some relevant details.Generally speaking, your arrival should
45、nt be later than the fixed time.A few minutes earlier is the best.Besides, youd better bring some little gifts, such as a special type of food or drink from your country.Speaking of table manners, keep your voice low and pleasant during the meal.The host will like it if you have learned to use chops
46、ticks.I hope these suggestions would be helpful to you.Im sure you will have a great time.Yours，Li Hua热点押题假定你是李华，你校外教 Lucy 女士近期准备回英国度假，你班同学准备举行晚会为她送行。请你根据以下提示，用英语写一封 email，通知她相关情况。1对她的辛勤教学工作表示感谢；2时间和地点；3活动内容。注意：1.词数 80 左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；163开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Lucy，We hear that youll return to the
47、 United Kingdom on a holiday soon. Yours truly，Li Hua参考范文：Dear Lucy，We hear that youll return to the United Kingdom on a holiday soon.We will miss you very much during your absence!Firstly, Id like to express our gratitude for your excellent teaching and your care and love for our class! Therefore w
48、e have decided to have a farewell party which will start at 6：30 on Saturday evening in the classroom of Class 12, Grade 3 and it will probably last about an hour.All of the class hope you can join us in singing some English songs and have a good time together.At the end of the party, the monitor will present you some flowers and gifts, which are mostly made by ourselves.We wish you a pleasant journey back home! Yours truly，Li Hua(二)感谢信佳作荐读假定你是李华，上周参加了美国朋友 David 的生日聚会。请你写一封感谢信，表达你对聚会的喜爱和对 David 的祝福。注意：1.适当展开想象，语意连贯，结构完整。词数 80
