四年级科学下册1电3《简单电路》课件教科版.ppt

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1、简单电路,电路与电路图,1、电路元件,电池,电灯,电线,电键,2、简单电路,开关闭合,小电珠亮,此时电路称为通路。开关打开,小电珠不亮,此时电路称为断路。,3、短路,导线不通过用电器,直接接在电源两端叫做电源短路。,4、几种常见电路元件的符号,电池,电灯,电池组,开关,我们要用这些元件连成了两种常用的基本电路,即串联电路和并联电路。,串 联 电 路,把元件逐个顺次连接起来组 成的电路,称为串联电路。,定义:,特点:,电流路径唯一,开关位置任意。,并 联 电 路,定义:,特点:,把元件并列连接起来组成的电路。,断开干路,整个电路形成开路; 断开一条支路,不影响别的支路。,观察实验现象(1),观察

2、1:当合上开关时,两个灯泡有什么变化?,实验(1)结果,亮,观察实验现象(2),观察2: 当调换开关的位置时,两个灯泡有什么变化?,观察实验现象(2),调换开 关位置 后,两 灯都,亮,串联电路的定义,如左图,把两只小灯泡,顺次连接在电路里,一只灯泡亮时另一只灯泡也亮。像这样把元件逐个顺次连接起来-称串联电路。,S,S1,S2,L1,L2,观察实验现象(1),S,S1,S2,L1,L2,灯 泡 L1 亮,灯 泡 L2 不 亮,实验结果(1),S,S1,S2,L1,L2,观察:当断开开关 S1,合上开关S、S2时,灯泡L1、L2的变化?,观察实验,S,S1,S2,L1,L2,灯 泡 L1 不 亮,灯 泡 L2 亮,实验结果,S,S1,S2,L1,L2,如左图:把两只灯泡并列地接在电路中,并各自安装一个开关。像这样把元件并列地连接起来的电路,称并联电路。,并联电路的定义,

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