1、 IEC 61746-1 Edition 1.0 2009-12 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Calibration of optical time-domain reflectometers (OTDR) Part 1: OTDR for single mode fibres talonnage des rflectomtres optiques dans le domaine temporel (OTDR) Partie 1 : OTDR pour fibres unimodales IEC 61746-1:2009-12(en-
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19、sc Si vous dsirez nous donner des commentaires sur cette publication ou si vous avez des questions contactez-nous: csciec.ch. IEC 61746-1 Edition 1.0 2009-12 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Calibration of optical time-domain reflectometers (OTDR) Part 1: OTDR for single mode fibres talon
20、nage des rflectomtres optiques dans le domaine temporel (OTDR) Partie 1 : OTDR pour fibres unimodales INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE XC ICS 33.180.01 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 978-2-8322-1682-8 Registered trademark of the International Electrotec
21、hnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agr. 2 IEC 61746-1:2009 IEC 2009 CONTENTS
22、FOREWORD . 6 INTRODUCTION . 8 1 Scope . 9 2 Normative references 9 3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 9 4 Preparation for calibration . 16 4.1 Organization 16 4.2 Traceability 16 4.3 Preparation 16 4.4 Test conditions 16 4.5 Documentation 16 5 Distance calibration General 17 5.1 General . 17 5.2 Loc
23、ation deviation model . 17 5.3 Using the calibration results . 19 5.4 Measuring fibre length . 19 6 Distance calibration methods 20 6.1 General . 20 6.2 External source method . 20 6.2.1 Short description and advantage 20 6.2.2 Equipment . 20 6.2.3 Calibration of the equipment 21 6.2.4 Measurement p
24、rocedure 22 6.2.5 Calculations and results . 23 6.2.6 Uncertainties . 24 6.3 Concatenated fibre method 25 6.3.1 Short description and advantages 25 6.3.2 Equipment . 25 6.3.3 Measurement procedures. 27 6.3.4 Calculations and results . 27 6.3.5 Uncertainties . 28 6.4 Recirculating delay line method 2
25、9 6.4.1 Short description and advantage 29 6.4.2 Equipment . 29 6.4.3 Measurement procedure 31 6.4.4 Calculations and results . 31 6.4.5 Uncertainties . 32 7 Loss calibration General 33 7.1 General . 33 7.2 Determination of the displayed power level F . 33 7.3 Selection of an appropriate reference l
26、oss A ref34 7.4 Development of a test plan 35 7.5 Polarization dependence 37 7.6 Calculation of the calibration results . 38 7.7 Using the calibration results . 38 IEC 61746-1:2009 IEC 2009 3 8 Loss calibration methods 38 8.1 General . 38 8.2 Fibre standard method . 39 8.2.1 Short description and ad
27、vantage 39 8.2.2 Equipment . 39 8.2.3 Measurement procedure 40 8.2.4 Calculations and results . 41 8.2.5 Uncertainties . 41 8.3 External source method (see Figure 16) . 42 8.3.1 Short description and advantage 42 8.3.2 Equipment . 42 8.3.3 Calibration of the reference loss . 43 8.3.4 Measurement pro
28、cedure 44 8.3.5 Calculations and results . 45 8.3.6 Uncertainties . 45 8.4 Splice simulator method . 46 8.4.1 Short description and advantage 46 8.4.2 Equipment . 46 8.4.3 Procedure 47 8.4.4 Calculations and results . 49 8.4.5 Uncertainties . 49 8.5 Power reduction method 50 8.5.1 Short description
29、and advantage 50 8.5.2 Equipment . 51 8.5.3 Measurement procedure 52 8.5.4 Calculations and results . 53 8.5.5 Uncertainties . 53 9 Reflectance calibration 54 9.1 Objective . 54 9.2 Reflectance measurements (see Figure 23) . 54 9.3 Use of the backscatter parameter, K 54 9.4 Range of reflectance meas
30、urement 55 9.5 Development of a test plan 56 9.6 Equipment . 57 9.7 Measurement procedure 58 9.7.1 Preparation 58 9.7.2 Taking reflectance measurements 58 9.7.3 Calculation and results . 58 9.7.4 Uncertainties . 58 Annex A (normative) Recirculating delay line for distance calibration 60 Annex B (nor
31、mative) Optical fibre standard for loss calibration 64 Annex C (normative) Standard splice simulator for loss calibration 68 Annex D (normative) Mathematical basis 72 Annex E (normative) Reflectance standard 75 Annex F (normative) Simple version of reflectance standard 81 Annex G (informative) OTDR
32、basis: Backscatter theory Reflectance measurements using an OTDR Determination of fibre backscatter parameter 85 4 IEC 61746-1:2009 IEC 2009 Bibliography 90 Figure 1 Definition of attenuation dead zone . 10 Figure 2 Representation of the location deviation L(L). 18 Figure 3 Equipment for calibration
33、 of the distance scale External source method . 21 Figure 4 Set-up for calibrating the system insertion delay 22 Figure 5 Concatenated fibres used for calibration of the distance scale . 26 Figure 6 Distance calibration with a recirculating delay line . 30 Figure 7 OTDR trace produced by recirculati
34、ng delay line . 30 Figure 8 Determining the reference level and the displayed power level 34 Figure 9 Measurement of the OTDR loss samples 35 Figure 10 Region A, the recommended region for loss measurement samples 36 Figure 11 Possible placement of sample points within region A . 36 Figure 12 Extern
35、al source method for testing the polarization dependence of the OTDR . 37 Figure 13 Reflection method for testing the polarization dependence of the OTDR 37 Figure 14 Loss calibration with a fibre standard 39 Figure 15 Placing the beginning of section D 1outside the attenuation dead zone 40 Figure 1
36、6 Loss calibration with the external source method . 43 Figure 17 Location and measurements for external source method . 44 Figure 18 Set-up for loss calibration with splice simulator . 46 Figure 19 OTDR display with splice simulator . 47 Figure 20 Measurement of the splice loss . 48 Figure 21 Loss
37、calibration with “fibre-end“ variant of the power reduction method . 51 Figure 22 Loss calibration with “long-fibre“ variant of the power reduction method . 52 Figure 23 Parameters involved in reflectance measurements 54 Figure 24 The same reflectance at the end of three fibres with different values
38、 of the backscatter parameter shows different pulse amplitudes . 55 Figure 25 Maximum and minimum values for the pulse amplitude, F . 56 Figure 26 Range of reflectance measurement . 56 Figure 27 Determining the default displayed power level and the default location 57 Figure 28 Set-up for reflectanc
39、e calibration. 58 Figure A.1 Recirculating delay line 60 Figure A.2 Measurement set-up for loop transit time T b61 Figure A.3 Calibration set-up for lead-in transit time T a. 62 Figure B.1 Determination of a highly linear power range 65 Figure B.2 Testing the longitudinal backscatter uniformity of t
40、he fibre standard . 66 Figure C.1 Splice simulator and idealized OTDR signature 68 Figure C.2 Determination of the reference loss A ref70 Figure E.1 Reflectance standard description and trace 75 Figure E.2 Calibration set up and reference points for calibration 78 Figure F.1 Reflectance standard des
41、cription and trace 81 Figure F.2 Calibration set up and reference points for calibration 83 IEC 61746-1:2009 IEC 2009 5 Figure G.1 OTDR signals used for determining reflectance . 86 Figure G.2 Set-up for measurement of the backscatter coefficient 88 Table 1 Attenuation coefficients defining region A
42、 . 35 6 IEC 61746-1:2009 IEC 2009 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ CALIBRATION OF OPTICAL TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETERS (OTDR) Part 1: OTDR for single mode fibres FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all na
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