1、NORME INTERNATIONALE CEI IEC INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 61868 Premiredition Firstedition 199811 Huilesminralesisolantes Dterminationdelaviscositcinmatique trsbassetemprature Mineralinsulatingoils Determinationofkinematicviscosity atverylowtemperatures Numroderfrence Referencenumber CEI/IEC61868:1998Numr
2、osdespublications Depuisle1erjanvier1997,lespublicationsdelaCEI sontnumrotespartirde60000. Publicationsconsolides Lesversionsconsolidesdecertainespublicationsde laCEIincorporantlesamendementssontdisponibles. Parexemple,lesnumrosddition1.0,1.1et1.2 indiquentrespectivementlapublicationdebase,la public
3、ationdebaseincorporantlamendement1,et lapublicationdebaseincorporantlesamendements1 et2. Validitdelaprsentepublication LecontenutechniquedespublicationsdelaCEIest constammentrevuparlaCEIafinquilreflteltat actueldelatechnique. Desrenseignementsrelatifsladatedere confirmationdelapublicationsontdisponi
4、blesdans leCataloguedelaCEI. Lesrenseignementsrelatifsdesquestionsltudeet destravauxencoursentreprisparlecomittechnique quiatablicettepublication,ainsiquelalistedes publicationstablies,setrouventdanslesdocuments cidessous: SitewebdelaCEI* CataloguedespublicationsdelaCEI Publiannuellementetmisjourrgu
5、lirement (Catalogueenligne)* BulletindelaCEI DisponiblelafoisausitewebdelaCEI* etcommepriodiqueimprim Terminologie,symbolesgraphiques etlittraux Encequiconcernelaterminologiegnrale,lelecteur sereporteralaCEI60050: VocabulaireElectro techniqueInternational (VEI). Pourlessymbolesgraphiques,lessymboles
6、littraux etlessignesdusagegnralapprouvsparlaCEI,le lecteurconsulteralaCEI60027: Symboleslittraux utiliserenlectrotechnique,laCEI60417:Symboles graphiquesutilisablessurlematriel.Index,relevet compilationdesfeuillesindividuelles, etlaCEI60617: Symbolesgraphiquespourschmas. * Voiradressesitewebsurlapag
7、edetitre. Numbering Asfrom1January1997allIECpublicationsare issuedwithadesignationinthe60000series. Consolidatedpublications ConsolidatedversionsofsomeIECpublications includingamendmentsareavailable.Forexample, editionnumbers1.0,1.1and1.2refer,respectively,to thebasepublication,thebasepublicationinc
8、or poratingamendment1andthebasepublication incorporatingamendments1and2. Validityofthispublication ThetechnicalcontentofIECpublicationsiskeptunder constantreviewbytheIEC,thusensuringthatthe contentreflectscurrenttechnology. Informationrelatingtothedateofthereconfirmationof thepublicationisavailablei
9、ntheIECcatalogue. Informationonthesubjectsunderconsiderationand workinprogressundertakenbythetechnicalcom mitteewhichhaspreparedthispublication,aswellas thelistofpublicationsissued,istobefoundatthe followingIECsources: IECwebsite* CatalogueofIECpublications Publishedyearlywithregularupdates (Onlinec
10、atalogue)* IECBulletin AvailablebothattheIECwebsite*and asaprintedperiodical Terminology,graphicalandletter symbols Forgeneralterminology,readersarereferredto IEC60050:InternationalElectrotechnicalVocabulary (IEV). Forgraphicalsymbols,andlettersymbolsandsigns approvedbytheIECforgeneraluse,readersare
11、 referredtopublicationsIEC60027: Lettersymbolsto beusedinelectricaltechnology ,IEC60417: Graphical symbolsforuseonequipment.Index,surveyand compilationofthesinglesheets andIEC60617: Graphicalsymbolsfordiagrams. * Seewebsiteaddressontitlepage.NORME INTERNATIONALE CEI IEC INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 61868
12、Premiredition Firstedition 199811 Huilesminralesisolantes Dterminationdelaviscositcinmatique trsbassetemprature Mineralinsulatingoils Determinationofkinematicviscosity atverylowtemperatures CommissionElectrotechniqueInternationale InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission Pourprix,voircatalogueenvigue
13、ur Forprice,seecurrentcatalogue IEC1998Droitsdereproductionrservs Copyrightallrightsreserved Aucunepartiedecettepublicationnepeuttrereproduiteni utilisesous quelqueformequecesoitetparaucun procd,lectroniqueoumcanique,ycomprislaphoto copieetlesmicrofilms,sanslaccordcritdelditeur. Nopartofthispublicat
14、ionmaybereproducedorut ilizedin anyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical, includingphotocopyingandmicrofilm,withoutpermissionin writingfromthepublisher. InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission 3,ruedeVarembGeneva,Switzerland Telefax:+41229190300 email:inmailiec.ch IECwebsitehttp:/www.iec.ch CODEPR
15、IX PRICECODE L2 61868CEI:1998 SOMMAIRE Pages AVANTPROPOS 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 Articles 1Domaine dapplication. 8 2Rfrences normatives 8 3Dfinitions. 8 4Principe 1 0 5Appareillage 10 6Etalonnage 12 7Mode opratoire 14 8 Expressiondesrsultats . 16 Figure1Bainduviscosimtreetaccessoires 2061868 IEC:1998 3 C
16、ONTENTS Page FOREWORD 5 INTRODUCTION 7 Clause 1Scope 9 2Normative references.9 3Definitions 9 4Principle .11 5Apparatus 11 6Calibration .13 7Procedure 15 8 Expressionofresults 17 Figure1Viscometerbathandaccessoires . 214 61868CEI:1998 COMMISSIONLECTROTECHNIQUEINTERNATIONALE _ HUILESMINRALESISOLANTES
17、 DTERMINATIONDELAVISCOSITCINMATIQUE TRSBASSETEMPRATURE AVANTPROPOS 1) LaCEI(CommissionElectrotechniqueInternationale)estuneorganisationmondialedenormalisationcompose delensembledescomitslectrotechniquesnationaux(ComitsnationauxdelaCEI).LaCEIapourobjetde favoriserlacooprationinternationalepourtoutesl
18、esquestionsdenormalisationdanslesdomainesde llectricitetdellectronique.Aceteffet,laCEI,entreautresactivits,publiedesNormesinternationales. Leurlaborationestconfiedescomitsdtudes,auxtravauxdesquelstoutComitnationalintressparle sujettraitpeutparticiper.Lesorganisationsinternationales,gouvernementalese
19、tnongouvernementales,en liaisonaveclaCEI,participentgalementauxtravaux.LaCEI collaboretroitementaveclOrganisation InternationaledeNormalisation(ISO),selondesconditionsfixesparaccordentrelesdeuxorganisations. 2) LesdcisionsouaccordsofficielsdelaCEIconcernantlesquestionstechniques,reprsentent,danslame
20、sure dupossibleunaccordinternationalsurlessujetstudis,tantdonnquelesComitsnationauxintresss sontreprsentsdanschaquecomitdtudes. 3) Lesdocumentsproduitsseprsententsouslaformederecommandationsinternationales.Ilssontpublis commenormes,rapportstechniquesouguidesetagrscommetelsparlesComitsnationaux. 4) D
21、anslebutdencouragerlunificationinternationale,lesComitsnationauxdelaCEIsengagentappliquerde faontransparente,danstoutelamesurepossible,lesNormesinternationalesdelaCEIdansleursnormes nationalesetrgionales.ToutedivergenceentrelanormedelaCEIetlanormenationalecorrespondantedoit treindiqueentermesclairsd
22、anscettedernire. 5) LaCEInafixaucuneprocdureconcernantlemarquagecommeindicationdapprobationetsaresponsabilit nestpasengagequandunmatrielestdclarconformelunedesesnormes. 6) LattentionestattiresurlefaitquecertainsdeslmentsdelaprsenteNormeinternationalepeuventfaire lobjetdedroitsdepropritintellectuelle
23、oudedroitsanalogues.LaCEInesauraittretenuepour responsabledenepasavoiridentifidetelsdroitsdepropritetdenepasavoirsignalleurexistence. LaNormeinternationaleCEI61868attablieparlecomitdtudes10delaCEI:Fluides pourapplicationslectrotechniques. Letextedecettenormeestissudesdocumentssuivants: FDIS Rapportd
24、evote 10/443/FDIS 10/452/RVD Lerapportdevoteindiqudansletableaucidessusdonnetouteinformationsurlevoteayant aboutilapprobationdecettenorme.61868 IEC:1998 5 INTERNATIONALELECTROTECHNICALCOMMISSION _ MINERALINSULATINGOILS DETERMINATIONOFKINEMATICVISCOSITY ATVERYLOWTEMPERATURES FOREWORD 1) TheIEC(Intern
25、ationalElectrotechnicalCommission)isaworldwideorganizationforstandardizationcomprising allnationalelectrotechnicalcommittees(IECNationalCommittees).TheobjectoftheIECistopromote internationalcooperationonallquestionsconcerningstandardizationintheelectricalandelectronicfields.To thisendandinadditionto
26、otheractivities,theIECpublishesInternationalStandards.Theirpreparationis entrustedtotechnicalcommittees;anyIECNationalCommitteeinterestedinthesubjectdealtwithmay participateinthispreparatorywork.International,governmentalandnongovernmentalorganizationsliaising withtheIECalsoparticipateinthispreparat
27、ion.TheIECcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalOrganization forStandardization(ISO)inaccordancewithconditionsdeterminedbyagreementbetweenthetwo organizations. 2) TheformaldecisionsoragreementsoftheIEContechnicalmattersexpress,asnearlyaspossible,an internationalconsensusofopinionontherelevantsubjec
28、tssinceeachtechnicalcommitteehasrepresentation fromallinterestedNationalCommittees. 3) Thedocumentsproducedhavetheformofrecommendationsforinternationaluseandarepublishedintheform ofstandards,technicalreportsorguidesandtheyareacceptedbytheNationalCommitteesinthatsense. 4) Inordertopromoteinternationa
29、lunification,IECNationalCommitteesundertaketoapplyIECInternational Standardstransparentlytothemaximumextentpossibleintheirnationalandregionalstandards.Any divergencebetweentheIECStandardandthecorrespondingnationalorregionalstandardshallbeclearly indicatedinthelatter. 5) TheIECprovidesnomarkingproced
30、uretoindicateitsapprovalandcannotberenderedresponsibleforany equipmentdeclaredtobeinconformitywithoneofitsstandards. 6) AttentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisInternationalStandardmaybethesubject ofpatentrights.TheIECshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights
31、 InternationalStandardIEC61868hasbeenpreparedbyIECtechnicalcommittee10:Fluidsfor electrotechnicalapplications. Thetextofthisstandardisbasedonthefollowingdocuments: FDIS Reportonvoting 10/443/FDIS 10/452/RVD Fullinformationonthevotingfortheapprovalofthisstandardcanbefoundinthereporton votingindicate
32、dintheabovetable.6 61868CEI:1998 INTRODUCTION Atrsbassetemprature,lecomportementdecertaineshuilesminralesisolantesdevientnon newtonienetleurviscositsaccrotdefaonsignificative,enraisondelaformationde microcristauxdanslhuile.Celareprsenteunrisquepotentieldedfaillancepourlematriel lectriqueremisenservi
33、cedansdesconditionsdegrandsfroids. Laformationdemicrocristauxestunphnomnelent,dontlespleinseffetspeuventsefaire sentirseulementaprsunreposprolongdelhuilebassetemprature,etquipeutaussitre anantisionmetlhuileenmouvement,ventuellementenraisondelachaleurproduitepar lesforcesdecisaillementoudefriction. L
34、aprsentenormedcritlesadaptationsapporterlISO3104pourtenircomptedeces effetsetpermettredemesurerlaviscositcinmatiquedelhuiletrsbassetemprature, sansrchaufferlchantillondhuilenilemettreenmouvementpendantlamesure,aprs lavoirmaintenubassetempraturependantunepriodederepos,afindesimuler correctementlcoule
35、mentdelhuiledanslematriellectrique,parexempledanslesconduits troitsderefroidissementetlesmcanismesderglagedestransformateurs.61868 IEC:1998 7 INTRODUCTION NonNewtonianbehaviourandsignificantincreasesinviscosityatverylowtemperatureshave beenobservedinsomemineralinsulatingoilsasaresultofmicrocrystalli
36、negrowth,witha potentialriskoffailureforelectricalequipmentreenergizedunderverycoldweather conditions. Microcrystallineformationisaslowprocess,whichcantakerelativelylongperiodsoflow temperaturesoakingtoshowitsfulleffects,andwhichcanalsobedestroyedbyinducing movementintheoil,possiblyasaresultofheatpr
37、oducingfrictionorshearforces. ThisstandardpresentstheadaptationstobemadetoISO3104totakeintoaccountthese effectsandtoallowthemeasurementofkinematicviscosityatverylowtemperatures,without subjectingtheoilsampletowarmingorunduemovementduringmeasurement,andwiththe applicationofasoakingperiod,inordertoade
38、quatelysimulatetheflowofoilinelectrical equipment,forexampleinthesmallcoolingpassagesandtimingmechanismsoftransformers.8 61868CEI:1998 HUILESMINRALESISOLANTES DTERMINATIONDELAVISCOSITCINMATIQUE TRSBASSETEMPRATURE 1 Domainedapplication LaprsenteNormeinternationalespcifieunmodeopratoirepourladterminat
39、iondela viscositcinmatiquedeshuilesminralesisolantes,transparentesouopaques,trsbasse temprature,aprsunepriodedereposdaumoins20h,enmesurantletempsncessaire unvolumedeliquidepourquilscoulepargravittraversunviscosimtrecapillaireen verretalonn. Laprsentenormesappliquetouteslestempraturesauxliquidesnewto
40、niensounon newtoniensayantuneviscositinfrieureougale20 000 mm 2 s 1 .Elleconvient particulirementlamesuredelaviscositcinmatiquedesliquidesutilissdanslesclimats froids,trsbassetemprature(40C)ouauxtempraturessituesentrelepoint dcoulementetlepointdetrouble(typiquement20C),ocertainsliquides,defaon inatt
41、endue,peuventdevenirtrsvisqueuxaprsavoirtlongtempsaureposbasse temprature. 2Rfrences normatives Lesdocumentsnormatifssuivantscontiennentdesdispositionsqui,parsuitedelarfrence quiyestfaite,constituentdesdispositionsvalablespourlaprsenteNormeinternationale. Pourlesrfrencesdates,lesamendementsultrieurs
42、oulesrvisionsdecespublicationsne sappliquentpas.Toutefois,lespartiesprenantesauxaccordsfondssurlaprsenteNorme internationalesontinvitesrechercherlapossibilitdappliquerlesditionslesplusrcentes desdocumentsnormatifsindiqusciaprs.Pourlesrfrencesnondates,laderniredition dudocumentnormatifenrfrencesapplique.LesmembresdelaCEIetdelISOpossdent leregistredesNormesin
