1、 IEC/TR 62543 Edition 1.1 2013-07 CONSOLIDATED VERSION High-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission using voltage sourced converters (VSC) IEC/TR62543:2011+A1:2013 colourinsideTHIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2013 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwi
2、se specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IECs member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questi
3、ons about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information. IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11 3, rue de Varemb Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 CH-1211 Geneva 20 i
4、nfoiec.ch Switzerland www.iec.ch About the IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies. About IEC publications The technical content of IEC publi
5、cations is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published. Useful links: IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub The advanced search enables you to find IEC publications by a variety of criteria
6、(reference number, text, technical committee,). It also gives information on projects, replaced and withdrawn publications. IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details all new publications released. Available on-line and also
7、 once a month by email. Electropedia - www.electropedia.org The worlds leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
8、 Vocabulary (IEV) on-line. Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: csciec.ch. IEC/TR 62543 Edition 1.1 2013-07 CONSOLIDATED VERSION High-voltage direct current (HVDC
9、) power transmission using voltage sourced converters (VSC) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 29.200; 29.240.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-1031-4 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributo
10、r. colourinsideIEC/TR 62543 Edition 1.1 2013-07 REDLINE VERSION High-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission using voltage sourced converters (VSC) IEC/TR62543:2011+A1:2013 colourinside 2 TR 62543 IEC:2011+A1:2013(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD . 6 1 Scope . 8 2 Normative references . 8 3 Terms and d
11、efinitions . 8 3.1 General . 8 3.2 Letter symbols . 9 3.3 Power semiconductor terms 9 3.4 VSC topologies . 10 3.5 VSC transmission 13 3.6 Operating states 14 3.7 Type tests . 16 3.8 Production tests 17 3.9 Sample tests . 17 3.10 Insulation co-ordination terms . 17 3.11 Power losses . 17 4 VSC transm
12、ission overview 18 4.1 Basic operating principles of VSC transmission . 18 4.1.1 The voltage sourced converter as a black box . 18 4.1.2 The principles of active and reactive power control 19 4.1.3 Operating principles of a VSC transmission scheme 21 4.1.4 Applications of VSC transmission 21 4.2 Des
13、ign life . 22 4.3 VSC transmission configurations . 22 4.3.1 General . 22 4.3.2 D.C. circuit configurations 22 4.3.3 Monopole configuration . 22 4.3.4 Bipolar configuration 23 4.3.5 Parallel connection of two converters 24 4.3.6 Series connection of two converters 24 4.3.7 Parallel and series connec
14、tion of more than two converters . 25 4.4 Semiconductors for VSC transmission . 25 5 VSC transmission converter topologies 26 5.1 General . 26 5.2 Converter topologies with VSC valves of “switch” type 27 5.2.1 General . 27 5.2.2 Operating principle 27 5.2.3 Topologies . 28 5.3 Converter topologies w
15、ith VSC valves of the “controllable voltage source” type . 31 5.3.1 General . 31 5.3.2 MMC topology with VSC levels in half-bridge topology . 33 5.3.3 MMC topology with VSC levels in full-bridge topology 35 5.3.4 CTL topology with VSC cells in half-bridge topology 33 5.3.5 CTL topology with VSC cell
16、s in full-bridge topology . 33 5.4 VSC valve design considerations 37 5.4.1 Reliability and failure mode . 37 5.4.2 Current rating 37 TR 62543 IEC:2011+A1:2013(E) 3 5.4.3 Transient current and voltage requirements . 37 5.4.4 Diode requirements . 38 5.4.5 Additional design details 38 5.5 Other conver
17、ter topologies 39 5.6 Other equipment for VSC transmission schemes . 39 5.6.1 General . 39 5.6.2 Power components of a VSC transmission scheme 39 5.6.3 VSC substation circuit breaker . 40 5.6.4 A.C. system side harmonic filters . 40 5.6.5 Radio frequency interference filters . 40 5.6.6 Interface tra
18、nsformers and phase reactors . 40 5.6.7 Valve reactor . 41 5.6.8 D.C. capacitors 41 5.6.9 D.C. reactor . 43 5.6.10 Common mode blocking reactor 43 5.6.11 D.C. filter . 44 5.6.12 Dynamic braking system. . 44 6 Overview of VSC controls . 44 6.1 General . 44 6.2 Operational modes and operational option
19、s . 45 6.3 Power transfer . 46 6.3.1 General . 46 6.3.2 Telecommunication between converter stations . 47 6.4 Reactive power and a.c. voltage control 47 6.4.1 A.C. voltage control . 47 6.4.2 Reactive power control 47 6.5 Black start capability . 48 6.6 Supply from a wind farm 48 7 Steady state opera
20、tion 48 7.1 Steady state capability 48 7.2 Converter power losses . 50 8 Dynamic performance . 50 8.1 A.C. system disturbances 50 8.2 D.C. system disturbances 51 8.2.1 D.C. cable fault 51 8.2.2 D.C. overhead line fault . 51 8.3 Internal faults 51 9 HVDC performance requirements . 52 9.1 Harmonic per
21、formance 52 9.2 Wave distortion . 53 9.3 Fundamental and harmonics . 53 9.3.1 Three-phase 2-level VSC . 53 9.3.2 Selective harmonic elimination modulation 55 9.3.3 Multi-pulse and multi-level converters 56 9.4 Harmonic voltages on power systems due to VSC operation . 56 9.5 Design considerations for
22、 harmonic filters (a.c. side) . 57 9.6 D.C. side filtering 57 4 TR 62543 IEC:2011+A1:2013(E) 10 Environmental impact . 57 10.1 General . 57 10.2 Audible noise 57 10.3 Electric and magnetic fields (EMF) 58 10.4 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 58 11 Testing and commissioning 59 11.1 General . 59
23、 11.2 Factory tests . 59 11.2.1 Component tests . 59 11.2.2 Control system tests 59 11.3 Commissioning tests / System tests 60 11.3.1 General . 60 11.3.2 Precommissioning tests . 60 11.3.3 Subsystem tests 60 11.3.4 System tests 61 Annex A (informative) Functional specification requirements for VSC t
24、ransmission systems 65 Annex B (informative) Determination of VSC valve power losses . 73 Bibliography 82 Figure 1 Major components that may be found in a VSC substation . 9 Figure 2 Diagram of a generic voltage source converter (a.c. filters not shown) . 18 Figure 3 The principle of active power co
25、ntrol 19 Figure 4 The principle of reactive power control . 20 Figure 5 A point-to-point VSC transmission scheme . 21 Figure 6 VSC transmission with a symmetrical monopole . 23 Figure 7 VSC transmission with an asymmetrical monopole with metallic return . 23 Figure 8 VSC transmission with an asymmet
26、rical monopole with earth return . 23 Figure 9 VSC transmission in bipolar configuration 24 Figure 10 Parallel connection of two converter units 24 Figure 11 Symbol of a controllable switch turn-off semi-conductor device and associated free-wheeling diode . 25 Figure 12 Symbol of an IGBT and associa
27、ted free-wheeling diode . 26 Figure 13 Diagram of a three-phase 2-level converter and associated a.c. waveform for one phase 28 Figure 14 Single-phase a.c. output for 2-level converter with PWM switching at 21 times fundamental frequency 29 Figure 15 Diagram of a three-phase 3-level NPC converter an
28、d associated a.c. waveform for one phase 30 Figure 16 Single-phase a.c. output for 3-level NPC converter with PWM switching at 21 times fundamental frequency . 31 Figure 17 Electrical equivalent for a converter with VSC valves acting like a controllable voltage source . 32 Figure 18 VSC valve level
29、arrangement and equivalent circuit in MMC topology in half-bridge topology 33 Figure 19 Converter block arrangement with MMC topology in half-bridge topology 35 TR 62543 IEC:2011+A1:2013(E) 5 Figure 20 VSC valve level arrangement and equivalent circuit in MMC topology with full-bridge topology . 36
30、Figure 21 Typical SSOA for the IGBT . 37 Figure 22 A 2-level VSC bridge with the IGBTs turned off 38 Figure 23 Representing a VSC unit as an a.c. voltage of magnitude U and phase angle behind reactance 45 Figure 24 Concept of vector control . 46 Figure 25 VSC power controller . 46 Figure 26 A.C. vol
31、tage controller 47 Figure 27 A typical simplified PQ diagram 49 Figure 28 Protection concept of a VSC substation 52 Figure 29 Waveforms for three-phase 2-level VSC . 54 Figure 30 Voltage harmonics spectra of a 2-level VSC with carrier frequency at 21st harmonic . 55 Figure 31 Phase output voltage fo
32、r selective harmonic elimination modulation (SHEM) . 55 Figure 32 Equivalent circuit at the PCC of the VSC 56 Figure B.1 On state voltage of an IGBT or free-wheeling diode 74 Figure B.2 Piecewise-linear representation of IGBT or FWD on-state voltage 75 Figure B.3 IGBT switching losses as a function
33、of collector current 78 Figure B.4 Free-wheeling diode recovery loss as a function of current . 79 6 TR 62543 IEC:2011+A1:2013(E) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ HIGH-VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT (HVDC) POWER TRANSMISSION USING VOLTAGE SOURCED CONVERTERS (VSC) FOREWORD 1) The International Ele
34、ctrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields
35、. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC N
36、ational Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization
37、 (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representati
38、on from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot
39、 be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications.
40、 Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, acces
41、s to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including indiv
42、idual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon,
43、this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of
44、this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This Consolidated version of IEC/TR 62543 bears the edition number 1.1. It consists of the first edition (2011) documents 22F/230/DTR and 22F/239A/RVC and its am
45、endment 1 (2013) documents 22F/300A/DTR and 22F/307/RVC. The technical content is identical to the base edition and its amendment. In this Redline version, a vertical line in the margin shows where the technical content is modified by amendment 1. Additions and deletions are displayed in red, with d
46、eletions being struck through. A separate Final version with all changes accepted is available in this publication. This publication has been prepared for user convenience. TR 62543 IEC:2011+A1:2013(E) 7 The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a tech
47、nical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC/TR 62543, which is a technical report, has been prepared by subcommittee 22F: Power
48、 electronics for electrical transmission and distribution systems, of IEC technical committee 22: Power electronic systems and equipment. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its a
49、mendment will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. IMPORTANT The “colour inside” logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours wh
