1、 IEC/TR 62721 Edition 1.0 2012-01 TECHNICAL REPORT Reliability of devices used in fibre optic systems General and guidance IEC/TR 62721:2012(E) THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2012 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication
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8、ce Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: csciec.ch. IEC/TR 62721 Edition 1.0 2012-01 TECHNICAL REPORT Reliability of devices used in fibre optic systems General and guidance INTERN
9、ATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION P ICS 33.180.01 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-88912-867-9 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. 2 TR 62721 IEC:2012(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD . 3 INTRODUCTION
10、 5 1 Scope and objective . 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Generic information on reliability 7 4 IEC documents on reliability in TC86 8 4.1 General . 8 4.2 Reliability documents for optical fibres and cables . 9 4.3 Reliability documents on optical interconnecting devices and passive optical compon
11、ents . 10 4.4 Reliability documents on optical amplifiers 13 4.5 Reliability documents on optical active devices . 13 4.6 Reliability documents on optical dynamic modules 14 Annex A (informative) Document list for high power handling and transmission in fibre optics 15 Bibliography 16 Table 1 IEC do
12、cuments on reliability of fibre optic devices . 9 TR 62721 IEC:2012(E) 3 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ RELIABILITY OF DEVICES USED IN FIBRE OPTIC SYSTEMS GENERAL AND GUIDANCE FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization
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22、the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be he
23、ld responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally p
24、ublished as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC 62721, which is a technical report, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics. The text of this technical report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 86/406/DTR 86/412/RVC Fu
25、ll information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. 4 TR 62721 IEC:2012(E) The committee has decided that the contents of this pu
26、blication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this p
27、ublication may be issued at a later date. TR 62721 IEC:2012(E) 5 INTRODUCTION TC86 (Fibre optics) is a group that reviews and implements the standardization of optical fibres and optical cables, optical interconnecting devices, passive and active optical components and modules, and optical sub-syste
28、ms. As these optical components and modules are used for telecommunications as well as data communications systems, the reliability required for these are extremely high. Since the 1980s, when fibre optic communication systems were first deployed for commercial use, the reliability of optical fibres
29、 optical components and modules has been examined and checked. As a result, reliability theories are nearly completely established for optical fibre, optical connectors, optical passive components and optical active components. How to check reliability differs depending on the type of optical devic
30、e. For example, for optical fibres, it is measured by the probability of fibre breaks under the condition of constant stress. Optical passive components are generally tested using accelerated deterioration tests under high temperature and high humidity conditions. For the reliability of laser diodes
31、 (LD) (a typical optical active device), the primary failure mode is a decrease of optical output power and an increase of threshold electric current caused by the increase of the leakage of electrical current in the active layers of the LD chip. The lifetime has an inverse correlation with the driv
32、e current. In addition, the industry has established and uses standard reliability evaluation tests developed for the purpose of commercialisation in addition to the approach of estimating the lifetime by failure mode analysis mentioned above. Information on failure mode and lifetime estimates are d
33、iscussed and summarised in many documents prepared by the Subcommittees (SC) and Working Groups (WG) of TC86. Test items and conditions for reliability qualification tests are described in documents prepared and set forth by each SC. 6 TR 62721 IEC:2012(E) RELIABILITY OF DEVICES USED IN FIBRE OPTIC
34、SYSTEMS GENERAL AND GUIDANCE 1 Scope and objective This technical report provides information on the IEC documents concerning reliability for optical fibres, optical connectors, optical passive components, optical active components, optical amplifiers, and optical dynamic modules used for optical fi
35、bre communications. Documents on reliability include summaries of reliability theory and quality management methods, technical information on failure mode analysis and failure mechanisms, lifetime and fit-rate estimates using acceleration tests, test items, conditions, and pass/fail criteria in reli
36、ability qualification tests, and tests and measurement methods for optical fibres, optical components, and optical modules. Each SC in TC86 has already created documents on reliability. This technical report provides this information in a user-friendly manner. 2 Normative references The following do
37、cuments, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60068 (all parts),
38、Environmental testing IEC 60749 (all parts), Semiconductor devices Mechanical and climatic test methods IEC 60793-1 (all parts), Optical fibres Part 1: Measurement methods and test procedures IEC 60793-1-30, Optical fibres Part 1-30: Measurement methods and test procedures Fibre proof test IEC 60794
39、1-2, Optical fibre cables Part 1-2: Generic specification Basic optical cable test procedures IEC 61290 (all parts), Optical amplifiers Test methods IEC 61291-5-2, Optical amplifiers Part 5-2: Qualification specifications Reliability qualification for optical fibre amplifiers IEC 61300 (all parts),
40、 Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components Basic test and measurement procedures IEC 62005 (all parts), Reliability of fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components IEC 62007-2, Semiconductor optoelectronic devices for fibre optic system applications Part 2: Measuring m
41、ethods TR 62721 IEC:2012(E) 7 IEC 62150 (all parts), Fibre optic active components and devices Test and measurement procedures IEC 62343-2, Dynamic modules Part 2: Reliability qualification IEC 62343-5-1, Dynamic modules Test methods Part 5-1: Dynamic gain tilt equalizer Response time measurement IE
42、C 62572-3, Fibre optic active components and devices Reliability standards Part 3: Laser modules used for telecommunication IEC/TR 62048, Optical fibres Reliability Power law theory IEC/TR 62343-6-6, Dynamic modules Part 6-6: Failure mode effect analysis for optical units of dynamic modules IEC/TR 6
43、2572-2, Fibre optic active components and devices Reliability standards Part 2: Laser module degradation IEC/TR 62627-03-01, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components Part 03-01: Reliability Design of an acceptance test for fibre pistoning failure of connectors during temperature an
44、d humidity cycling: demarcation analysis 3 Generic information on reliability Reliability generally means the characteristics of keeping the required performance over a long period of time and/or on repeated operation (driving). Components and modules degrade and finally fail after long term operati
45、on. Reliability is usually expressed in this case as failure rate per unit time (e.g. hours) or a time. The curve of the failure rate is called a bathtub curve, and is generally divided into three regions: initial failure region, random failure region, and wear-out failure region. Screening tests ar
46、e sometimes applied to reduce the initial failure rate. In the random failure region, the failure rate is independent of the operating time. In the wear- out failure region, the failure rate increases as operating time extends. Generally, reliability is expressed by the failure-in-test (fit) rate in
47、 the random failure region, and in the wear-out failure region by the accumulated failure rate depending on the operating time of the product. There are two types of reliability: design reliability and field reliability. Design reliability is generally estimated by accelerated test results and/or ca
48、lculated by a cumulative total of fit rates of the parts and materials. Field reliability is generally calculated by the total failures and the total operating hour volume in the field. The following shows the standard approach to design reliability: Conducting a failure mode analysis and analysing
49、the performance of the parts which degrade and the factors that accelerate degradation; Determining the acceleration test conditions and the pass/fail criteria based on the results of failure analysis; Carrying out acceleration tests under different conditions and obtaining the appropriate functions to indicate the lifetime (i.e. the failure function (Weibull distribution, lognormal distribution) and the acceleration factor; Carrying out lifetime tests unde
