1、Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 20.2Production Allocation Measurement Using Single-phase DevicesFIRST EDITION, NOVEMBER 2016Special Notes API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and
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9、ublishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Copyright 2016 American Petroleum Institute Foreword This edition of API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 20.2 supersedes the below-listed sections of API MPMS Chapter 20.1, Allocation Measurement, First Edition, 19
10、93: Section 1.5 Liquid Quantity Measurement (subsections not superseded by MPMS Chapter 20.2include 1.5.2.4 Tanks and 1.5.2.5.2 Indirect Mass Measurement); Section 1.7.2.2.3 Flow Meters; Section 1.8 Liquid Proving and Calibration Techniques; Section 1.10 Gas Quantity Measurement; Section 1.11.4 Mete
11、r Calibration; Section 1.14 Gas Calibration and Proving Techniques.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything
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16、andards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and
17、 materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org. iiiContents1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms, Definitions, Acr
19、onyms, and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 Acronyms and Abb
20、reviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . 44.1 Production Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.2 Single-phase Meters Used for Production Allocation Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.3
22、 Capability and Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 General Metering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、. . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Liquid Metering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.1 Common Liquid Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.2 Factors Affecting Liquid Allocation Meter Performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.3 Liquid Flow Meter Installation Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.4 Liquid Flow Meter Assembly Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.5 Proving of Hydrocarbon Liquid Allocation Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . . . . . 167 Gas Metering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187.1 Common Gas Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187.2 Factors Affecting Gas Allocation Meter Performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197.3 Gas Flow Meter Installation Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217.4 Gas Flow Meter Assembly Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217.5 Gas Meter Calibration and Verification Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . . . . . . . 23Annex A (informative) Measurement Process Flow Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Annex B (normative) Proving Procedures for Separator-based Liquid Metering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Annex C (norma
30、tive) Calibration Procedures for Chart Recorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Annex D (informative) Uncertainty of Meter Proving Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33FigureA.1 Example MPFD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、 . . . . 25TablesB.1 Mean Average K-factor Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26D.1 Equivalent Repeatability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32vIntroductionThis standard covers the application of production allocation (determination of flow quantities and rates of oil, gas, water, and other constituents) using single-phase measurement devices in combination with a two- or three-phase production separator. W
34、hen fluid flow from different wells production streams are commingled into a single processing facility or flow line, it is preferred to measure the flow from each production stream separately, either continuously or on a specified interval, before it enters the common processing facility or flow li
35、ne. Periodic measurement at a specified interval is the common practice since continuous measurement of an individual well production stream is normally not an available option.On a production facility, it is common to have multiple production separators continuously measuring multiple combined prod
36、uction streams. Normally, these production separators (bulk separators) are dedicated to the same production streams.The measurement of these well production streams (both combined and individual) is used in the process of allocating the facility production quantities (gas, oil, and water) back to t
37、he producing wells.The traditional method of measuring multiphase flow has been to separate the flow into multiple single-phase streams (two- or three-phase separation). Single-phase flow meters are then applied to measure the flow of these separated streams. Factors that can impact measurement incl
38、ude, but are not limited to, the following: varying fluid properties, varying operating conditions, varying flow rates, well flow dynamics, varying flow line lengths, separator and process design, piping configuration.Measurement error, due to these characteristics, can result in inaccurate measurem
39、ent of production streams and can cause inequitable allocation of the commingled streams.This document provides guidance with respect to the major factors that could contribute to measurement uncertainty for single-phase devices used in production allocation. It is not intended to prescribe a partic
40、ular meter type or allocation method. Allocation methodologies are addressed in API MPMS Chapter 20.1.1 Production Allocation Measurement Using Single-phase Devices 1 Scope This standard is applicable to single-phase measurement techniques upstream of the custody transfer points where custody transf
41、er conditions are not possible. The standard presents single-phase flow measurement used in the allocation process and located downstream of the first stage of separation on a production facility. This standard addresses common allocation single-phase flow measurement devices for liquid hydrocarbons
42、, water, and gas including ancillary flow measurement systems such as fuel, flare, and recirculation. This standard discusses configuration and operation of flow measurement equipment, fluid properties, production processing, associated flow conditions, and their effects on the quality of the flow m
43、easurement results. This standard discusses the possible impacts on these devices during inefficient and/or ineffective separation. 2 Normative References The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
44、 references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 4 (all sections), Proving Systems API MPMS Chapter 4.5, Master Meter Provers API MPMS Chapter 5.2-2005, Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Di
45、splacement Meters API MPMS Chapter 5.3-2005 (including Addendum 1-2009), Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Turbine Meters API MPMS Chapter 5.6-2002, Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Coriolis Meters API MPMS Chapter 7-2001 (including Addendum 1-2011), Temperature Determination API MPMS Chapt
46、er 11 (all parts), Physical Properties Data API MPMS Chapter 12.2 (all parts), Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Using Dynamic Measurement Methods and Volumetric Correction Factors API MPMS Chapter 12.2.3-1998, Calculation of Petroleum Quantities Using Dynamic Measurement Methods and Volumetric Co
47、rrections Factors, Part 3 Proving Reports API MPMS Chapter 13.2-1994, Methods of Evaluating Meter Proving Data API MPMS Chapter 14.2/AGA Report No. 8 1, Compressibility Factors of Natural Gas and Other RelatedHydrocarbon Gases API MPMS Chapter 14.3 (all parts), Concentric Square-edged Orifice Meters
48、 API MPMS Chapter 14.9, Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis Meter API MPMS Chapter 20.1, Allocation Measurement 1 American Gas Association, 400 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 450, Washington, DC 20001, www.aga.org. 2 API MPMS CHAPTER 20.2 API MPMS Chapter 21.1/AGA Report No. 3, Flow Measurement Using
49、Electronic Metering SystemsElectronic Gas Measurement API MPMS Chapter 21.2, Electronic Liquid Volume Measurement Using Positive Displacement and Turbine Meters AGA Report No. 9, Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic Meters ASME Performance Test Code 19.3-2010 2, Temperature Measurement3 Terms, Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations 3.1 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply. 3.1.1 allocation measurement Measurement systems and procedures required to perform a fair and equitable allocation. Such systems and procedur
