1、Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 22.1General Guidelines for Developing Testing Protocols for Devices Used in the Measurement of Hydrocarbon FluidsANSI/API MPMS CHAPTER 22.1 SECOND EDITION, AUGUST 2015Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. Wit
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15、ew cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standar
16、ds Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References. . . . . .
17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Field of
18、Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Parameter Variations Affecting Device Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Mand
19、atory Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.1 Test Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.2 Test Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.3 Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.4 Baseline (Ideal Condition) Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.5 Non-ideal Condition Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.6 Special Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.7 Testing Documentation. . . . . . . .
23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.8 Testing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Test Facil
24、ity Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.1 Audit Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . 37.2 Lab/Facility Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Uncertainty Analysis thus providing a means to highlight the relative performance advantages and disadvantages of co
26、mpeting devices.vii1General Guidelines for Developing Testing Protocols for Devices Used in the Measurement of Hydrocarbon Fluids1 ScopeThis document is for the development of testing protocols and to serve as a guideline to document performance characteristics of hydrocarbon fluid measurement relat
27、ed devices.2 Normative ReferencesNo other document is identified as indispensable or required for the application of this document.Individual sections of this API MPMS Chapter may include a list of important and relevant publications available in the public domain that may describe or address the te
28、chnology or technique used by the device or instrument for which the testing protocol is developed. If such a list is included, it should be comprehensive and should serve only as an additional information source for the user of the respective testing protocol document.If the testing protocol docume
29、nt requires a specific test method described in a national or international standard or document (e.g. ASTM, ISO, OIML, etc.), the relevant section or sections of the reference document shall be specified and the title and year of publication of that referenced standard or document shall be listed u
30、nder Normative References. 3 Terms and DefinitionsAll symbols and/or terms listed under the Terms and Definitions section should be consistent with API MPMS Chapter 1. Any symbol used in the equations, or a term used in sections of API MPMS Chapter 22 that is not defined in API MPMS Chapter 1 shall
31、be defined under the Terms and Definitions section of the document. If a symbol or definition of a term in the document is different from that in API MPMS Chapter 1, the specific reason for the change shall be explained in the document.4 Field of ApplicationThe field of application of testing protoc
32、ols developed under this chapter should be limited to devices that are used in the measurement of hydrocarbon fluids in the petroleum, energy, and petrochemical industries.5 Parameter Variations Affecting Device PerformanceThe manufacturer shall define the meter installation requirements, operating
33、range, limits of fluid properties, and environmental conditions for which the device is designed and/or is intended to be used. The range of conditions over which the device is to be tested shall be defined before the test is performed, because extrapolation of the process variable is not permitted
34、for fiscal measurement beyond the range over which the performance of the device is tested. Each section of Chapter 22 developed for a specific type or class of instrument or device should define the parameters that are important for the performance evaluation of the device or instrument and list th
35、e parameters and information that should be documented in the test report. Listed below are some of the parameters which may influence the performance of the device to be tested. For certain devices or instruments, some of the parameters listed in this section may have no influence, while there coul
36、d be other parameters not listed in this section that may influence the performance of the device to be tested. If such parameters can be identified, the testing protocol should define them.The various conditions which may affect the performance of the device may include and are not limited to: flui
37、d property conditions: fluid density, viscosity, lubricity, abrasiveness, phase, phase fractions, composition, etc.;2 API MPMS CHAPTER 22.1 operating conditions: flow rate, temperature, and pressure; installation conditions: nature and location of flow disturbances, flow conditioners, pulsations, vi
38、brations, and length of time in service; environmental conditions: ambient pressure, temperature, humidity, insulation, etc. effects on performance inherent to the device/technology being evaluated.6 Mandatory Tests6.1 Test Conditions Identify the important test condition variables which should be m
39、easured and recorded before, during, and/or after each test and document that its value did not vary beyond the allowable limits.Due to limitations of the test facility, it may not be possible to evaluate the influence of certain parameters over the entire range specified for the device. The testing
40、 protocol should specify that the test report include a list of those parameters which may affect the performance of the device, but were not tested. The manufacturer shall specify performances within the range that the equipment was tested. 6.2 Test InstallationIf applicable, the testing protocol s
41、hould define the type of test installation needed to evaluate the effects of the important test condition variables on device performance. For critical measurements, the test protocol should define the allowable precision limit of the test equipment and which measuring devices should be required to
42、record and document the traceability to a national standard (e.g. NIST).6.3 Test ResultsThe parameter(s) defining the performance of the device (i.e. test results) shall be recorded during and after each test. Additional recording requirements shall be specified in the individual sections of the tes
43、ting protocols as needed.6.4 Baseline (Ideal Condition) TestingIn order to identify the influence of certain parameters or changes to the operating condition, ideal or baseline test(s) are necessary. The testing protocol should define the test conditions which may be considered as the ideal or basel
44、ine test(s). The document should define, if applicable, the type and frequency of baseline testing needed to verify the reproducibility of the tested device. NOTE The test facility uncertainty should be considered for calculations of acceptable reproducibility. 6.5 Non-ideal Condition TestingTesting
45、 of the device for non-ideal conditions shall be defined, such as testing with variations in parameters that may affect the performance of the device. The format of the report section for the influence of non-ideal conditions should be defined in the document. In addition, the document may define ho
46、w deviations from the baseline data for the non-ideal tests are to be reported. Non-ideal conditions likely to be experienced in real-world applications should receive a high priority when developing non-ideal test parameters.GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING TESTING PROTOCOLS FOR DEVICES USED IN TH
47、E MEASUREMENT OF HYDROCARBON FLUIDS 36.6 Special TestingSpecial tests may be defined where the combined effect of variations in multiple factors may be tested to reduce the cost of performance testing of the device. Whenever possible, tests should be designed to produce results to reflect the influe
48、nce of one well-defined variable at a time.6.7 Testing DocumentationAll data used to calculate the final or intermediate result shall be recorded, attested, and/or certified by the test facility. If tests are performed at a third party facility, results shall be retained for future reference. These
49、test results shall be retained for the period of time defined by the document. If a specific test report is not published in the public domain and is not available for verification of the performance claim, the associated claim will be deemed unverifiable.6.8 Testing ProcedureThe document shall describe in detail how the tests are to be conducted or reference other published procedure(s) for similar type tests, if type testing is permitted for the device.7 Test Facility Requirements7.1 Audit ProcessTo assure adherence to the testing protocols defined in this chapter, the laboratory
