1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 5MeteringSection 4Accessory Equipment for Liquid MetersFOURTH EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2005ERRATA, MAY 2015REAFFIRMED, AUGUST 2015Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 5MeteringSection 4Accessory Equipment for Liquid MetersMeasurement CoordinationF
2、OURTH EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2005ERRATA, MAY 2015REAFFIRMED, AUGUST 2015SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertaking to meet the duties o
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7、 for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publi-cation may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engi-neering and operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound en
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11、eFOREWORDChapter 5 of the API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (API MPMS) pro-vides recommendations, based on best industry practice, for the custody transfer metering of liquid hydrocarbons. The various sections of this Chapter are intended to be used in conjunc-tion with API MPMS Chapter
12、6 to provide design criteria for custody transfer metering encountered in most aircraft, marine, pipeline, and terminal applications. The information contained in this chapter may also be applied to non-custody transfer metering.The chapter deals with the principal types of meters currently in use:
13、displacement meters, turbine meters and Coriolis meters. If other types of meters gain wide acceptance for the measurement of liquid hydrocarbon custody transfers, they will be included in subsequent sections of this chapter.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any
14、 right, by impli-cation or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.This document was produced
15、 under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API stan-dard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which
16、this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the dir
17、ector.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog
18、of API publications and materials is published annually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards and Publications Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiCO
19、NTENTSPage5.4.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15.4.2 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15.4.3 FIELD OF APPLICATION . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15.4.4 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15.4.5 SELECTING ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT FOR METERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15.4.6 SHAFT-DRIVEN (MECH
21、ANICAL) ACCESSORIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15.4.6.1 Adjuster (Calibrator). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.4.6.2 Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . .25.4.6.3 Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.4.6.4 Temperature Compensator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.4.6.5 Pulse Generator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.4.6.6 Remote Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.4.6.7 Preset Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.4
24、.6.8 Gear-change Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.4.6.9 Rigid Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.4.6.10 Analog Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.4.6.11 Rate-of-flow Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25.4.6.12 Swivel Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35.4.6.13 Angle Ad
26、apter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35.4.6.14 Dual Adapter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35.4.6.15 Right-angle Takeoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35.4.6.16 Shifter Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35.4.6.17 Key-lock Counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35.4.7 PULSE-DRIVEN (
28、ELECTRONIC) ACCESSORIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35.4.7.1 Electronic Adjuster (Calibrator or Scaler) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35.4.7.2 Readout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、35.4.7.3 Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35.4.7.4 Flow Computer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35.4.7.5 Preset Counter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.4.7.6 Proving Counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.4.7.7 Flow-rate Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
31、5.4.7.8 Frequency Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.4.7.9 Stepper Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.4.7.10 Temperature Compensator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.4.7.11 Combinator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.4.7.12 Performance Compensator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.4.7.13 Pulse Resolut
33、ion Enhancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.4.7.14 Dual Chronometry Pulse Interpolator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.4.7.15 Smart Pre-AMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、. . . . . .55.4.8 INTERFACE CONNECTIONS TO PULSE-DRIVEN ACCESSORIES55.4.8.1 Shielded Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55.4.8.2 Preamplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、. . . .5vPage5.4.9 INSTRUCTIONS AND GUIDANCE FOR INSTALLING PULSE-DRIVEN ACCESSORIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55.4.10 PROTECTION/CONTROL EQUIPMENT CONDITIONERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65.4.10.1 Strainers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65.4.10.2 Air or Vapor Eliminators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65.4.10.3 Control of Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. .75.4.11 FLUID PROPERTY MONITORING INSTRUMENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75.4.11.1 Thermometers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75.4.11.2 Temperature/Pressure-averaging instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、. . .75.4.11.3 Temperature Transmitters depending on the design, the adjustment range may cover from 1 to 10 percent of throughput.Different types of adjusters are capable of handling differ-ent torque loads. Friction-driven and clutch-driven adjusters show decreased sensitivity and repeatability wh
39、en torque is increased. Increased torque reduces life in all types of adjust-ers. If adjustment to a unity meter factor is not required, the adjusting device should be omitted from the meter, and a direct drive shaft to the register should be installed. 5.4.6.2 REGISTERA shaft-driven primary registe
40、r is attached directly to the meter. The primary register displays the selected standard units of measurement, such as gallons, barrels, or cubic meters; the register also displays fractions of these units, if required. A primary register may be a totalizer only or a total-izer with a separate non-r
41、esettable register. A primary register is usually secured and sealed to the meter to prevent tamper-ing (see 5.4.13).5.4.6.3 PRINTERA shaft-driven primary printer may accompany a primary register. The primary printer records on a measurement ticket the amount of liquid that is delivered. The ticket
42、is printed in standard units of measurement, such as gallons, barrels, or cubic meters, and in decimal fractions of these units, if required.Impact or pressure-roller printers are capable of printing one or more paper copies. The number of copies is limited by the type of paper and the clarity that
43、is required. Mechanical printers usually show the lowest digit to the nearest whole number. Ticket forms are inserted, printed, and removed manually.5.4.6.4 TEMPERATURE COMPENSATORA temperature compensator is a variable-ratio mechanism located in the meters drive train. It has a temperature sensor t
44、hat works with the variable-ratio mechanism to correct the indicated volume to standard reference temperature, 60F, 15C, or 20C. The temperature compensator must be set for the appropriate thermal coefficient of expansion of the liquid hydrocarbon that is measured.The location of the temperature com
45、pensator in relation to primary or other accessory readout devices depends on which of the devices are to be compensated and which are to remain uncompensated. Where practical, mechanical temperature compensators should be avoided. Temperature compensation is best achieved by approved electronic met
46、hods within the flow computer.5.4.6.5 PULSE GENERATORA pulse generator provides pulses in a quantity that is directly proportional to meter throughput. Pulsing devices can have various types of output signal, including switch clo-sures, square-wave signals, and sine-wave signals. The devices can als
47、o have various frequency outputs. 5.4.6.6 REMOTE TRANSMISSIONA remote-transmission device is used to transmit a mea-surement signal to a remote device, such as a driving device, that in turn can operate most meter shaft-driven accessories.5.4.6.7 PRESET DEVICEA preset device can be preset for any qu
48、antity of meter throughput. At the pre-selected quantity, the device will stop the flow of liquid or will perform other, desired functions automatically. It may or may not be an indicating device.5.4.6.8 GEAR-CHANGE ADAPTERA gear-change adapter changes the output shaft speed by a fixed ratio and is
49、sometimes used to achieve a given output for accessory devices.5.4.6.9 RIGID EXTENSIONA rigid extension is a convenience device used to elevate meter accessories some distance above the meter itself. The device is also used to isolate meter accessories from adverse environmental conditions at the meter.5.4.6.10 ANALOG GENERATORAn analog generator allows a displacement meter to gener-ate a DC current or voltage proportional to meter speed. The generators analog output can be used to remotely indicate or control flow rate or related tasks. This should not be used for quantity calcu
