1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 8.2Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsFOURTH EDITION, NOVEMBER 2016Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and fede
2、ral laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein
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5、d hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering
6、 and operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any ot
7、her practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform
8、 to the applicable API standard.Classified areas may vary depending on the location, conditions, equipment, and substances involved in any given situation. Users of this Standard should consult with the appropriate authorities having jurisdiction.Users of this Standard should not rely exclusively on
9、 the information contained in this document. Sound business, scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employ
10、ees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obliga-tions to comply with authorities having jurisdiction.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to particular materials and conditions should be obtained
11、from the employer, the manufacturer or supplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.Work sites and equipment operations may differ. Users are solely responsible for assessing their specific equipment and premises in determining the appropriateness of applying the Standard. At all tim
12、es users should employ sound business, scientific, engineering, and judgment safety when using this Standard.The examples in this document are merely examples for illustration purposes only. Each company should develop its own approach. They are not to be considered exclusive or exhaustive in nature
13、. API makes no warranties, express or implied for reliance on or any omissions from the information contained in this document.Users of the instructions in this document should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business, scientific, engineering, and safety jud
14、gment should be used in employing the information contained herein.Where applicable, authorities having jurisdiction should be consulted.Work sites and equipment operations may differ. Users are solely responsible for assessing their specific equipment and premises in determining the appropriateness
15、 of applying the instructions. At all times users should employ sound busi-ness, scientific, engineering, and judgment safety when using this Standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mecha
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18、 in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the standard.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the standard.May: As used in a standard, “may” denotes a course of action permis
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22、ded to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitte
23、d to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContents1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Referenced Documents
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、. . 24 Significance and Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Representative Sampling Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、. . . . . . 36 Design Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Automatic Sampling Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Sampling Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Mixing of the Flowing Stream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710 Proportionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911 Sample Extractor Grab Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1012 Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013 Sample Handling and Mixing . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1114 Control Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1115 Sample System Security. . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1216 System Proving (Performance Acceptance Tests) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1217 Performance Monitoring. . . .
32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1318 Crude Oil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
33、9 Refined Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2420 Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Annexes (Mandatory Information)A1 Calculation of the Margin of Error Based on Number of Sample Grabs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25A2 Theoretical Calculations for Selecting the Sampler Probe Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、 . . . . . . . . 27A3 Performance Criteria for Portable Sampling Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32A4 Profile Performance Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、 . . . . . . . . . 37A5 Sampler Acceptance Test Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Appendixes (Nonmandatory Information)X1 Design Data Sheet for Automatic Sampling System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42X2 Comparison of Percent Sediment and Water versus Unloading Time Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Figures1 In-Line Sampling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6vContents2 Slip Stream Sample Loop Sampling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Sample Volume Regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Typical Portable Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Linefill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Probe Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Sample Pro
42、be and Slip Stream Take-Off Probe Location for Vertical or Horizontal Pipe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Sample Probe with Multiple Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Sampling Components and Related Tests . . . . .
43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1310 Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1411 Probe Chamfer Design . . . . .
44、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1612 Beveled Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1713 Sequ
45、ence of Acceptance Test Activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20A1.1 Number of Samples versus Margin of Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27A2.1 Compari
46、son of Mixing Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28A3.1 Portable Sampler Operational Data Confirmation of Mixing and Flow Sensor Velocity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34A3.2 Portable Sampler Operational Data C
47、onfirmation of Free Water Sampled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35A3.3 Typical Piping Schematic to be Recorded for Discharges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36A3.4 Typical Piping Schematic to be Recorded for Loading. . . . . . . . . . .
48、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37A4.1 Multi Probe for Profile Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38A5.1 Sampler Acceptance Test Data Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40X1.1 Design Data Sheet for Automatic Sampling System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43X2.1 Comparison of Percent Sediment and Water versus Unloading Time Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Tables1 Sample Frequency Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Container Size when Used In Different Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
