1、Designation: B148 14B148 18Standard Specification forAluminum-Bronze Sand Castings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B148; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification establishes requirements for sand castings
3、 produced from copper-base alloys having the alloy numbers,2commercial designations, and nominal compositions shown in Table 1.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for infor
4、mation only and are not considered standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World
5、 Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on date of material purchase form a part of this specification to the extentreferenced herein:2.2 ASTM Standards:3B208 Practice for Preparing Tension Test Specime
6、ns for Copper Alloy Sand, Permanent Mold, Centrifugal, and ContinuousCastingsB824 Specification for General Requirements for Copper Alloy CastingsB846 Terminology for Copper and Copper AlloysB950 Guide for Editorial Procedures and Form of Product Specifications for Copper and Copper AlloysE8/E8M Tes
7、t Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS)3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms relat
8、ed to copper and copper alloys, refer to Terminology B846.4. General Requirements4.1 Material furnished under this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements of Specification B824.5. Ordering Information5.1 Include the following specified choices when placing orders for product under
9、 this specification as applicable:5.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,5.1.2 Copper or Copper Alloy UNS. No. designation,5.1.3 Temper, must include optional Heat Treatment when needed,1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copper and Copper Alloys and is the dire
10、ct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.05 on Castingsand Ingots for Remelting.Current edition approved April 1, 2014Oct. 1, 2018. Published May 2014October 2018. Originally approved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 asB148 97 (2009).B14814. DOI: 10.1520/B0148-14.10.1520/B014818.2 Th
11、e UNS system for copper and copper alloys (see Practice E527) is a simple expansion of the former standard designation system accomplished by the addition of aprefix “C” and a suffix “00.” The suffix can be used to accommodate composition variations of the base alloy.3 For referencedASTM standards,
12、visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standardsstandards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an
13、 ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as publis
14、hed by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.1.4 Dimensions, diameter, and wall thickness (For tube or pipe: s
15、pecify either O.D./I.D., O.D./Wall, or I.D./Wall unlessstandard size such as type K are ordered; for flat products: thickness, width, and edges; for rod, bar, or shapes: by diameter ordistance between parallel surfaces),5.1.5 Quantity of castings required,5.1.6 Intended applications,5.1.7 Specificat
16、ion title, number, and year of issue,5.1.8 Pattern or drawing number and condition (cast, machined, and so forth),5.1.9 Analysis of residual elements, if specified in the purchase order (Specification B824),5.1.10 Pressure test requirements, if specified in the purchase order (Specification B824),5.
17、1.11 Soundness requirements, if specified in the purchase order (Specification B824),5.1.12 Certification, if specified in the purchase order (Specification B824),5.1.13 Test report, if specified in the purchase order (Specification B824),5.1.14 Witness inspection, if specified in the purchase order
18、 (Specification B824),5.1.15 Approval of weld procedure and records of repairs, if specified in the purchase order (Section 10),5.1.16 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code4 application (12.2 and Section 14),5.1.17 Castings for seawater service (6.2.3), and5.1.18 Product marking, if specified in the
19、purchase order (Specification B824).5.2 When material is purchased for agencies of the U.S. Government, the Supplementary Requirements of this specification maybe specified.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Materials:6.1.1 The material of manufacture shall be sand castings of Copper Alloys, UNS No. C9
20、5200, C95300, C95400, C95410,C95500, C95520, C95600, C95700, C95800, C95820, C95900 of such purity and soundness as to be suitable for processing intothe products prescribed herein.6.1.2 When specified in the contract or purchase order, that heat identification or traceability is required, the purch
21、aser shallspecify the details desired.6.2 Manufacture:6.2.1 As a specified option, Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C95300, C95400, C95410, C95500, and C95520 may be supplied in theheat-treated condition to obtain the higher mechanical properties shown in Table 2. Suggested heat treatments for these alloys are
22、given in Table 3. Actual practice may vary by manufacturer.6.2.2 For better corrosion resistance in seawater applications, castings in CopperAlloy UNS No. C95800 may be given a temperanneal heat treatment at 1250 6 50F (675 6 10C)1200 to 1300 F (650 to 705 C) for 6 h minimum. Cooling shall be by the
23、fastest means possible that will not cause excessive distortion or cracking. Propeller castings shall be exempt from thisrequirement.6.2.3 Copper Alloy UNS No. C95520 is used in the heat-treated condition only.6.2.4 Copper Alloy UNS No. C95900 is normally supplied annealed between 1100F (595C) and 1
24、300F (705C)1100 F(595 C) and 1300 F (705 C) followed by air cooling.6.2.5 Copper Alloy UNS No. C95820 is supplied in the as-cast condition.4 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.TAB
25、LE 1 Nominal CompositionsCopper AlloyUNS No.OldDesignationCommercialDesignationNominal Composition, %Copper Nickel Iron Aluminum Silicon ManganeseC95200 9A Grade A 88.0 . . . 3.0 9.0 . . . . . .C95300A 9B Grade B 89.0 . . . 1.0 10.0 . . . . . .C95400A 9C Grade C 85.0 . . . 4.0 11.0 . . . . . .C95410
26、A . . . . . . 84.0 2.0 4.0 10.0 . . . . . .C95500A 9D Grade D 81.0 4.0 4.0 11.0 . . . . . .C95520A . . . . . . 78.5 5.5 5.0 11.0 . . . . . .C95600 9E Grade E 91.0 . . . . . . 7.0 2.0 . . .C95700 9F Grade F 75.0 2.0 3.0 8.0 . . . 12.0C95800 . . . . . . 81.3 4.5 4.0 9.0 . . . 1.2C95820 . . . . . . 79.
27、0 5.2 4.5 9.5 . . . 1.0C95900 . . . . . . 87.5 . . . 4.5 13.0 . . . . . .A These grades respond to heat treatment.B148 1826.2.6 Separately cast test bar coupons representing castings made in Copper Alloy UNS Nos. C95300HT, C95400HT,C95410HT, C95500HT, C95520HT, C95800 temper annealed, and C95900 ann
28、ealed shall be heat treated with the castings.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The material shall conform to the chemical composition requirements in Table 4 for the copper alloy UNS. No. designationspecified in the ordering information.TABLE 2 Mechanical RequirementsClassificationAluminum Bronze Nickel A
29、luminum Bronze Silicon AluminumBronzeManganese-NickelAluminumBronzeNickelAluminumBronzeAluminumBronzeAs-Cast As-CastCopper Alloy UNS No. C95200 C95300 C95400 andC95410 C95500 C95820 C95600 C95700 C95800A C95900BTensile strength, min,ksiC (MPaD )65(450)65(450)75(515)90(620)94(650)60(415)90(620)85(585
30、). . . . .Yield strength,E min,ksiC (MPaD )25(170)25(170)30(205)40(275)39F(270)F28(195)40(275)35(240). . . . .Elongation in 2 in.(50.8 mm), %20 20 12 6 13 10 20 15 . . .Brinell hardness No.G(3000-kg load)110 110 150 190 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Heat-TreatedCopper Alloy UNS No. C95300 C95400 andC
31、95410 C95500 C95520HTensile strength, min,ksiC (MPa)D. . . . .80(550)90(620)110(760)125(862). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Yield strength,E min,ksiC (MPa)D. . . . .40(275)45(310)60(415)95F(655)F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Elongation in 2 in.(50.8 min), %. . . 12 6 5 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .B
32、rinell hardness No.G(3000-kg load). . . 160 190 200 255I . . . . . . . . . 241 minA As cast or temper annealed.B Normally supplied annealed between 1100 and 1300F1300 F for 4 h followed by air cooling.C ksi = 1000 psi.D See Appendix X1.E Yield strength shall be determined as the stress producing an
33、elongation under load of 0.5 %, that is, 0.01 in. (0.254 mm) in a gage length of 2 in. (50.8 mm).F Yield strength at 0.2 % offset, min, ksiC (MPa)D .G For information only.H Copper Alloy UNS No. C95520 is used in the heat-treated condition only.I Sand castings and sand cast test specimens shall be 2
34、5 HRC minimum.TABLE 3 Suggested Heat TreatmentsCopperAlloyUNS No.Solution Treatment(Not Less than 1 h/in.Followed byWater Quench)Annealing Treatment(Not Less than 2 hFollowed byAir Cool)C95300 1585-1635F (860-890C) 1150-1225F (620-660C)C95300 15851635 F (860-890 C) 11501225 F (620660 C)C95400C95410
35、1600-1675F (870-910C) 1150-1225F (620-660C)C95400C95410 16001675 F (870910 C) 11501225 F (620660 C)C95500C95520(2 h followed bywater quench)1600-1700F (870-925C)925-1000F (495-540C)C95500C95520(2 h followed bywater quench)16001700 F (870925 C)9251000 F (495540 C)C95800A 1250 50F (675 10C),6 h minimu
36、m followedby air coolingC95800A 12001300 F (650705 C),6 h minimum followedby air coolingA Corrosion inhibiting heat treatment, depends on agreement between themanufacturer and buyer.B148 1837.1.1 Results of analysis of the product sample shall conform to the composition requirements within the permi
37、tted analyticalvariance specified in Table 4.7.1.2 These composition limits do not preclude the presence of other elements. Limits may be established by agreement betweenmanufacturer or supplier and purchaser for the unnamed elements.7.1.3 For alloys in which Copper is listed as remainder, copper is
38、 the difference between the sum of results of all elementsdetermined and 100 %. When all the elements in Table 4 are determined, the sum of results shall be as specified in the followingtable:Copper Alloy UNS NumberCopper Plus Named Elements,min, %C95200 99.0C95300 99.0C95400 99.5C95410 99.5C95500 9
39、9.5C95520 99.5C95600 99.0C95700 99.5C95800 99.5C95820 99.2C95900 99.58. Temper8.1 The suggested heat treatment (tempers) for products described in this specification are given in Table 3.9. Mechanical Property Requirements9.1 Tensile Strength Requirements:9.1.1 The mechanical properties shall be det
40、ermined from separately cast test bar castings.9.1.2 Product furnished under this specification shall conform to the mechanical properties requirements specified in Table 2,when tested in accordance with Test Methods E8/E8M.9.1.3 Acceptance or rejection based upon mechanical properties shall depend
41、on tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation.9.2 Hardness Requirement:9.2.1 The approximate Brinell hardness values given in Table 2 are for general information and assistance in testing, and shallnot be used as a basis for product rejection.10. Casting Repair10.1 Alloys included in this spec
42、ification are generally weldable. Weld repairs may be made at the manufacturers discretionprovided each excavation does not exceed 20 % of the casting section or wall thickness or 4 % of the casting surface area.10.2 Excavations that exceed those described in 10.1 may be made at the manufacturers di
43、scretion except that when required(5.1.15) the weld procedure shall be approved by the purchaser and the following records shall be maintained:10.2.1 A sketch or drawing showing the dimensions, depth, and location of excavations,10.2.2 Postweld heat treatment, when applicable,10.2.3 Weld repair insp
44、ection results,TABLE 4 Chemical RequirementsClassification Aluminum Bronze Nickel Aluminum BronzeSiliconAluminumBronzeManganese-NickelAluminumBronzeNickelAluminumBronzeAluminumBronzeCopper AlloyUNS No.C95200 C95300 C95400 C95410 C95500 C95520A C95600 C95700 C95800 C95820B C95900Composition, %Copper
45、86.0 min 86.0 min 83.0 min 83.0 min 78.0 min 74.5 min 88.0 min 71.0 min 79.0 min 77.5 min remainderAluminum 8.59.5 9.011.0 10.011.5 10.011.5 10.011.5 10.511.5 6.08.0 7.08.5 8.59.5 9.010.0 12.013.5Iron 2.54.0 0.81.5 3.05.0 3.05.0 3.05.0 4.05.5 . . . 2.04.0 3.54.5C 4.05.0 3.05.0Manganese . . . . . . 0
46、.50 max 0.50 max 3.5 max 1.5 max . . . 11.014.0 0.81.5 1.5 max 1.5 maxNickel (inclcobalt). . . . . . 1.5 max 1.52.5 3.05.5 4.26.0 0.25 max 1.53.0 4.05.0C 4.55.8 0.50 maxSilicon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.15 max 1.83.2 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.10 max . . .Lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.03 max .
47、 . . 0.03 max 0.03 max 0.02 max . . .A Chromium shall be 0.05 max, cobalt 0.20 max, tin 0.25 max, and zinc 0.30 max.B Zinc shall be 0.20 max and tin 0.20 max.C Iron content shall not exceed the nickel content.B148 18410.2.4 Casting identification number,10.2.5 Weld procedure identification number,10
48、.2.6 Welder identification, and10.2.7 Name of inspector.10.3 The castings shall not be impregnated without approval of the purchaser.11. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance11.1 The product shall be free of defects, but blemishes of a nature that do not interfere with the intended application areacce
49、ptable.12. Sampling12.1 Test bar castings for the Copper Alloy UNS Nos. in this specification shall be cast to the form and dimensions shown inFigs. 1 or 2 in Practice B208.12.2 When material is specified to meet the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, for small remelts thelot size shall not exceed 1000 lb (455 kg) of castings and shall consist of all of the metal from a single master heat poured froman individual melting unit, or group of melt
