1、Designation: C167 15C167 18Standard Test Methods forThickness and Density of Blanket or Batt ThermalInsulations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C167; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the dete
3、rmination of thickness and density of flexible, felted, or woven thermal insulating blankets,rolls, or batts composed of fibrous materials, with or without surface covering or reinforcement.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
4、mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety s
5、afety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Developmen
6、t of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology C168 shall be considered as ap
7、plicable to the terms used in these test methods.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 packagean individually wrapped group or bag of batts or a single roll of thermal insulation material.4. Significance and Use4.1 Proper measurements of thickness and density of blanket or batt in
8、sulations are essential for determining thermal insulationproperties. For a particular batt or blanket product, thickness and density are usually directly related to thermal insulating value.4.2 These test methods are of significant value in manufacturing quality control, to ensure that claimed insu
9、lation values ofproducts are maintained.5. Apparatus5.1 Depth Gauge, of the type shown in Fig. 1. The disk shall be fabricated of a suitable plastic material. The disk shall havea mass of 9.3 6 0.3 grams and shall exert a pressure of 0.4 lbf/ft2 (20 Pa). The disk shall be 3-in. 6 0.08-in. (76 mm 6 2
10、mm)in diameter. The disk shall be perpendicular to the pin at all times and shall have a friction device or thumb grip to secure the pinunless purposely moved. The pin shall be made at a maximum 18-in. (3 mm) diameter. The pin shall be of sufficient length forthe material to be measured.5.2 Steel ru
11、le, graduated in 0.05-in. or 1-mm intervals.1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.32 on MechanicalProperties.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015Nov. 1, 2018. Published October 2015November
12、2018. Originally approved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 20092015as C167 09.C167 15. DOI: 10.1520/C0167-15.10.1520/C0167-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume inf
13、ormation, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately
14、depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
15、 19428-2959. United States15.3 Scales, of sufficient capacity and sensitivity to weigh the test specimen to an accuracy of 60.5 %.6. Sampling6.1 A test sample shall consist of one representative roll or package of insulation.6.2 Sampling of PackagesFor packages which contain 20 or more batts, five b
16、atts shall be selected. For packages whichcontain less than 20 batts, either the three-batt or five-batt selection technique may be used. Batts which are folded in half shallcount as two batts for purposes of choosing and employing the selection method.6.2.1 Three-Batt MethodSelect the center batt a
17、nd the second batt in from each end of the package.6.2.2 Five-Batt MethodDivide the package sequentially into five groups of batts as equal in number as possible. Select thefirst batt from each group. Be careful to select one and only one batt from the two end batts within the package.6.2.3 Cut batt
18、s which are longer than 48 in. to 48 6 0.25 in. (122 6 0.63 cm) in length.6.3 Sampling of Cut RollsFive batts shall be cut of roll-width by 48 6 0.25 in. (122 6 0.63 cm) in length.6.3.1 Cut one batt from the center of the roll, two batts from the ends of the roll, and the fourth and fifth from the q
19、uarter pointsalong the length. See Fig. 2.6.3.2 For blankets wider than 24 in., cut each of the five batts 24 6 0.25 in. (61 6 0.63 cm) wide by 48 6 0.25 in. (122 60.63 cm) long.6.4 Sampling for Full Roll MethodThis method can be used in place of 6.3 when the roll is wider than 24 in. (61 cm) or lon
20、gerthan 50 ft (16.4 m). Prior to unrolling the material, weigh the entire roll to the nearest 0.25 pound (0.11 kg). Two methods maybe used to obtain the full roll weight. The first method removes the insulation product from the packaging prior to weighing. TheFIG. 1 Depth Gauge for Thickness Measure
21、mentsFIG. 2 Sampling of Cut RollsC167 182material will expand and may unroll slightly, care must be taken to ensure that the full roll is weighed accurately. The secondmethod weighs the packaged insulation product, then weighs the packaging material only. The packaging material weight issubtracted f
22、rom packaged product weight to obtain net material weight.7. Procedure7.1 Expansion of Packages and Cut RollHold the first batt vertically off the floor by grasping it with both hands on its longdimension so that the lower edge is 18 6 1 in. (460 6 25 mm) above a solid horizontal surface. Release th
23、e batt, allowing it tostrike the surface. Repeat the above for a second time. Next, holding the batt by the other long edge, drop twice as above. Placethe specimen on the flat, hard surface. Repeat the above for the remaining four specimens. Allow specimens to reach equilibriumby waiting at least 5
24、min before making thickness measurements within 1 in. (25 mm) in any direction of five points as indicatedin Fig. 3.NOTE 1If 23-in. (580-mm) wide samples are tested, use a quarter or half of that dimension to establish the test points.NOTE 2Some materials may require 4 h or more to reach equilibrium
25、.7.2 Expansion of Full RollUnroll the insulation. Flip the test roll over its entire length so the bottom surface is now on top.Next grasp one end and pull the material over itself until the original surface is again facing up. If there is insufficient room topull the material over itself (less than
26、 twice the unrolled length), the material may be repositioned by sliding the partially pulledroll to the end of the testing space, and continue to pull the material over itself.NOTE 3Use 7.1 if sampling procedure in 6.3 is used.7.3 Measurement of Packages and Cut RollInsert the pin of the thickness
27、gauge vertically into the material at the firstmeasuring point with a twisting motion until it contacts the hard surface beneath. Lower the disk until it lightly and uniformlycontacts the specimen. An alternative procedure is to use a disk whose mass exerts a specified pressure of at least 0.4 lbf/f
28、t2 (20Pa) on the specimen.With the gauge disk locked against the pin, lift the gauge unit from the test specimen.While holding the gaugeFIG. 3 Thickness Measurement LocationsC167 183in locked position, place the disk against the zero end of the rule with the pin projecting along the calibrated surfa
29、ce of the rule.Observe and record the reading at the pointed end of the pin to the nearest 0.05 in. (1 mm). Repeat the above for each of theremaining measuring points as shown in Fig. 3.7.4 Measurement of Full RollRecord the roll length to the nearest 1 in. (2.54) cm. Take measurements on each side
30、of the roll.If the roll has been cut in half, take a third roll length measurement along the midpoint of the roll width. Record roll width at threelocations to the nearest 0.125 in. (0.32 cm). Width measurements will be taken 10 ft (3.05 m) from each end, and in the middleof the roll length. Using a
31、 pin gauge, record thickness to the nearest 0.05 in. (1 mm) as shown in Fig. 4. Refer to Section 7.3 foruse of pin gauge. Two 15 ft (4.57 m) long sections shall be measured. These sections shall be 10 (3.05 m) in from each end. Atotal of twenty thickness measurements will be taken for each roll.NOTE
32、 4Use 7.4 if sampling procedure in 6.4 is used.8. Calculation8.1 ThicknessTake the average of the thickness measurements made in accordance with Section 7 as the thickness of thespecimen.FIG. 4 Thickness Measurement Locations Full RollC167 1848.2 Area Weight and DensityCalculate the weight per unit
33、area and the density by one of the following equations:Weight per unit area as received,lb/ft2 or kg/m2!5w1/L 3W! (1)Weight per unit area without facings,lb/ft2 or kg/m2!5w2/L 3W!Density of insulation without facings!,lb/ft3 or kg/m3!5w2/L 3W 3T!Density of insulation without facings!at specified thi
34、ckness,lb/ft3or kg/m3!5w2!/L 3W 3specified thickness!where:w1 = total weight of test specimen, lb (or kg),w2 = weight of test specimen without facings, lb (or kg),L = length of test specimen, ft (or m),W = width of test specimen, ft (or m),T = thickness of test specimen, converted from in. to ft (or
35、 mm to m), andspecified thickness = ordered thickness, ft (or m).9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 The pressure exerted on the test specimens during thickness measurements, if the gauge used is of the type that exerts apressure,9.1.2 Average, maximum, and minimum of the measured va
36、lues of thickness of the test specimen, expressed in inches (ormillimetres),9.1.3 Weight per unit area as received, including any facings, expressed in pounds per square foot (or kilograms per squaremetre),9.1.4 Density Weight per unit area of insulation, without facings, expressed in pounds per cub
37、icsquare foot (or kilograms percubicsquare metre), and9.1.5 Density of insulation (without facings), at the specimen thickness, expressed in pounds per cubic foot (or kilograms percubic metre),9.1.6 Density of insulation (without facings), at the specified thickness, expressed in pounds per cubic fo
38、ot (or kilograms percubic metre), and9.1.7 Age of material when tested, if known, and description of package (roll, bag, etc.).10. Precision and Bias310.1 The precision and bias of these test methods depend on the ability to read and interpolate the steel rule and balance andto judge when surface co
39、ntact occurs between the depth gauge disk and the test specimen.10.2 Thickness of PackagesAn interlaboratory comparison of six participating laboratories was conducted in 1991 on fibrousglass insulation. This test program used four common batt insulations and tested all batts within each package.Awi
40、thin-laboratoryrepeatability for thickness measurements of 7 % was obtained, which also includes product and packaging variability. Individualbatt measurements were initially expressed as percentages of the average measurement of the respective package average. Thesepercentages were then normalized
41、to the average thickness versus piece location distribution for the respective product as measuredby the six laboratories. Twice the sample standard deviation of these values yielded the repeatability. The 95 % repeatability limit,2.8 (sr), was 9 %.10.3 The interlaboratory comparison noted in 10.2 y
42、ielded values for bias of the batt sampling techniques specified in 6.2 ofnot greater than 1 % for any of the products tested. Bias was measured in terms of the percent deviation of the average thicknessof the sampled batts from the package average.10.4 Imprecision of the batt sampling techniques wa
43、s determined to be 2.4 % for the five-batt method and 3.6 % for thethree-batt method.NOTE 5Imprecision in this subsection refers to twice the sample standard deviation of the thicknesses predicted by the sampling technique expressedas a percentage of the average measured thickness of all batts withi
44、n the package.3 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR: C16 1016.C167 18510.5 Thickness of Cut RollAn interlaboratory study of the cut roll sampling technique was run in 1995 on fibrous glassinsulation. Five laboratorie
45、s each tested three samples of two material thicknesses. The materials included an R-11 roll, 32 in. (9.75m) long by 15 in. (38.1 cm) wide, and an R-19 roll, 39 ft (11.89 m) long by 15 in. (38.1 cm) wide. These materials represent therange of product packaged as rolls.The analyzed data consisted of
46、a package average thickness, calculated from 25 sampling pointsper package, five locations each from five batts per each roll.10.5.1 Precision Results:R-11 R-1995 % repeatability limit (within laboratory) 25.9 % 6.7 %95 % reproducibility limit (between laboratories) 38.7 % 11.4 %10.5.2 BiasThere is
47、not an accepted reference value available, and thickness bias cannot be determined.10.6 Density of Cut RollData from the interlaboratory study of the cut roll sampling technique was used to investigate theprecision and bias of density calculations. Density is defined as the mass per unit volume, and
48、 is dependent upon both the processof weighing the sample and measuring its size in three dimensions.10.6.1 Precision Results:R-11 R-1995 % repeatability limit (within laboratory) 7.8 % 17.9 %95 % reproducibility limit (between laboratories) 14.7 % 40.8 %10.6.2 BiasThere is not an accepted reference
49、 value available, and density bias cannot be determined.10.7 Thickness of Full RollAn interlaboratory study of the full roll sampling technique was also run in 1995 on fibrous glassinsulation. Four laboratories each tested three samples of two material thicknesses. The materials included an R-10 roll, 100 ft(30.48 m) long by 72 in. (182.88 cm) wide, and an R-19 roll, 50 ft (15.24 m) long by 60 in. (152.4 cm) wide. These materialsrepresent the range of product packaged as wider rolls.The analyzed data consisted of a package average th
