1、Designation: C969 17C969 19Standard Practice forInfiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance Testing of InstalledPrecast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C969; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 Th
3、is practice covers procedures for testing installed precast concrete pipe sewer lines using either water infiltration orexfiltration acceptance limits to demonstrate the integrity of the installed materials and construction procedure.1.2 This practice is the inch-pound companion to Practice C969M; t
4、herefore, no SI equivalents are presented in the practice.NOTE 1The owner shall specify the following: who will conduct, observe, and furnish labor, furnish material and measuring devices, and pay forthe tests; who is responsible for determining local groundwater conditions; and which test is to be
5、conducted, that is, an infiltration test or an exfiltrationtest.NOTE 2The user of this practice is advised that test criteria presented in this practice are similar to those in general use. Pipe, 24-in. diameter or larger,may be accepted by visual inspection when testing for infiltration.1.3 This st
6、andard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.4 This international stand
7、ard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Refer
8、enced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Determine the groundwater conditions surrounding the section of sewer to b
9、e tested and select the type of test to beconducted.4.2 For the infiltration test, the amount of water leaking into the sewer line is measured, and the rate of infiltration is determined.If the rate is less than or equal to the allowable limit, the section of sewer tested is acceptable.4.3 For the e
10、xfiltration test, the sewer line is filled with water to the specified test head and the rate of water loss is determined.If the rate is less than or equal to the allowable limit, the section of sewer tested is acceptable.5. Significance and Use5.1 This is not a routine test. The values recorded are
11、 applicable only to the sewer being tested and at the time of testing.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.09 on Methods of Test.Current edition approved April 15, 2017Jan. 1, 2019. Published May 2017Jan
12、uary 2019. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20092017 asC969 02C969 17.(2009). DOI: 10.1520/C0969-17.10.1520/C0969-19.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standard
13、svolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to
14、adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consh
15、ohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Preparation of the Sewer Line6.1 The sewer shall should be free of debris prior to testing.6.2 The manholes, the ends of the branches, laterals, wyes and stubs to be included in the test shall be plugged. All plugs shallbe secured to prevent leakage blowout d
16、ue to testing pressure.7. Procedure7.1 Infiltration Testing:7.1.1 Conduct testing from manhole to manhole or between more than two manholes. The length of main tested shall not exceed700 ft.7.1.2 Stop all dewatering operations and allow the groundwater to return to its normal level. Infiltration tes
17、ting shall not be usedunless the groundwater level is at least 2 ft above the crown of the pipe for the entire length of the test section.7.1.3 Plug all pipe outlets discharging into the upstream manhole.7.1.4 Measure the groundwater elevation and determine the average head over the test section.7.1
18、.5 Measure infiltration leakage at the outlet of the test section. Because leakage allowances are small, measurements are bestmade by either timing the filling of a small container of known volume, or by directing flow into a container for a specified timeand measuring the content, or by using small
19、 weirs.7.1.6 If the measured rate of leakage is less than or equal to the allowable leakage in accordance with 8.1, the section of sewertested is acceptable.7.1.7 If the test section fails, it is not prohibited that it be repaired and retested in accordance with this practice.7.2 Exfiltration Testin
20、g:7.2.1 Conduct testing from manhole to manhole or between more than two manholes. The length of main tested shall not exceed700 ft.7.2.2 Determine the groundwater elevation at both ends of the test section. If the groundwater level is less than 2 ft above thecrown of the pipe measured from the high
21、est elevation of the sewer, the exfiltration test shall be used.7.2.3 Plug all pipe outlets discharging into the upstream manhole and the test section outlet. Fill the sewer line with water.7.2.4 At the upstream manhole the test head shall be established as minimum of 2 ft above the crown of the pip
22、e, or at least2 ft above existing groundwater, whichever is higher.7.2.5 Allow the pipe to remain saturated for a period long enough to allow water absorption in the pipe, a minimum of 4 h andup to a maximum of 72 h. After the absorption period, refill the pipe to the required test head.7.2.6 Measur
23、e the leakage loss over a timed test period. The minimum test period shall be 15 min and the maximum shall notexceed 24 h.7.2.7 If the measured rate of leakage is less than or equal to the allowable leakage in accordance with 8.2, the section of sewertested is acceptable.7.2.8 If the test section fa
24、ils, it is not prohibited that it be repaired and retested in accordance with this practice. The groundwaterelevation shall be redetermined prior to a second test and the test head adjusted, if necessary, in accordance with 7.2.4.8. Leakage Criteria8.1 Infiltration Testing:8.1.1 For infiltration tes
25、ting, the allowable leakage limit including manholes is 200 gal/(in. of internal diameter) (mile of sewer)(24 h) when the average head on the test section is 6 ft or less.NOTE 3The average head on the test section is the head above the crown of the pipe at the upstream manhole plus the head above th
26、e crown of thepipe at the downstream manhole divided by two.8.1.2 When the average groundwater head on the test section is greater than 6 ft, the allowable leakage shall be increased inproportion to the ratio of the square root of the average groundwater head to the square root of the base head of 6
27、 ft.8.1.3 Manholes shall be tested separately and independently or with the pipeline with the allowance of 0.1 gal/(ft of diameter)(ft of head) (h). If building or house leads are connected to the main line being tested, allowance shall be made for permissibleleakage in such leads.8.2 Exfiltration T
28、esting:8.2.1 For exfiltration testing the allowable leakage limit including manholes is 200 gal/(in. of internal diameter) (mile of sewer)(24 h) when the average head on the test section is 36 ft or less.8.2.2 When the average head on the test section is greater than 6 ft, the allowable leakage shal
29、l be multiplied by the ratio ofthe square root of the average test head and the square root of the base head of 6 ft.8.2.3 Manholes shall be tested separately and independently or with the pipeline with an allowance of 0.1 gal/(ft of diameter)(ft of head) (h).9. Calculation9.1 Sample calculations ar
30、e presented in Appendix X1.C969 19210. Precision and Bias10.1 No justifiable statement is presently capable of being made either on precision or on bias of these procedures since the testresults merely state whether there is conformance to the criteria for the success specified. Due to the sealing e
31、ffects of groundwater,internal flow in the sewerline, and test water, the test conditions and results are not reproducible.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. APPLICATION OF THE PRACTICEX1.1 The following examples have been prepared to demonstrate the technique of applying this practice:X1.1.1 Exa
32、mple 1: A sewer line is to be tested for infiltration. The sewer line is a 12-in. diameter pipe with the groundwater headover the upstream manhole of 9 ft and a groundwater head over the downstream manhole of 11 ft. The distance between manholesis 400 ft.X1.1.1.1 Find: The appropriate allowable rate
33、 of infiltration leakage per hour of test.X1.1.1.2 Solution: The average test head in feet is:Test head59111!/2#510 (X1.1)Since the test head is greater than the base head (6 ft), the allowable rate of 200 gal/(in. diameter) (mile) (24 h) must bemultiplied by the ratio of the square root of the aver
34、age groundwater head (10 ft) and the square root of the base head (6 ft) or:Allowable leakage52003=10=6(X1.2)5258 gal/in. diameter!mile!24 h!Allowable leakage52003=10=6(X1.2)5258 gal/in. diameter!mile!24 h!Conversion of this rate to the allowable leakage for the above line in gallons per hour gives:
35、Allowable leakage:258 12 diameter! (X1.3)3400 ft!/24 h! 3 5280 ft/mile!#59.77 (X1.3)25812diameter!3400ft!24h!35280ft/mile! 59.77 (X1.3)X1.1.1.3 Answer: 9.77 gal/h.X1.1.2 Example 2: A sewer line is to be tested for exfiltration as the groundwater level is below the crown of the pipe at theupstream ma
36、nhole. The sewer line is an 18-in. diameter pipe with a specified test head of 2 ft over the crown of the pipe at theupstream manhole. The sewer line test section is 400 ft long between manholes on a slope of 1.0 %.2.5 %.X1.1.2.1 Find: The appropriate allowable rate of exfiltration leakage per hour
37、of test.X1.1.2.2 Solution: The average test head in feet is:Test head540030.0112!122 54 (X1.4)Test head540030.02512!122 57 (X1.4)Since the test head is greater than the base head (3(6 ft), the allowable rate of 200 gal/(in. diameter) (mile) (24 h) must bemultiplied by the ratio of the square root of
38、 the test head and the square root of the base head (3(6 ft) or:C969 193Allowable leakage52003=4=3(X1.5)5231 gal/in. diameter!mile!24 h!Allowable leakage52003=7=6(X1.5)5216 gal/in. diameter!mile!24 h!Conversion of this rate to the allowable leakage for the above line in gallons per hour gives:Allowa
39、ble leakage5231 18 diameter!3400 ft!/24 h!35280 ft/mile!#513.1 (X1.6)216 18diameter!3400ft!24h!35280ft/mile! 512.27 (X1.6)X1.1.2.3 Answer: 13.112.27 gal/h.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard.
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