1、Designation: D7196 16D7196 18Standard Test Method forRaveling Test of Cold Mixed Cold-Mixed Emulsified AsphaltSamples1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7196; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method measures the resistance to raveling characteristics of emulsified asphalt and field aggregates
3、or RecycledAsphalt Pavementrecycled asphalt pavement (RAP) mixtures by simulating an abrasion similar to early return to traffic.1.2 A precision and bias statement for this standard has not been developed at this time. Therefore, this standard should not beused for acceptance or rejection of a mater
4、ial for purchasing purposes.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tabl
5、es and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmen
6、tal practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guide
7、s and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D75D75/D75M Practice for Sampling AggregatesD977 Specification for Emulsified AsphaltD979D979/D979M Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving MixturesD2397
8、D2397/D2397M Specification for Cationic Emulsified AsphaltD3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving MaterialsD3910 Practices for Design, Testing, and Construction of Slurry SealD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and S
9、tandard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and ConstructionMaterials TestingD6372 Practice for Design, Testing, and Construction of MicrosurfacingD6925 Test Method for Preparation and Determination of the Relative Density of Asphalt Mix Specimens by Means of theSuperpave Gyratory Compactor2.2 ISSA Docume
10、nt:ISSA Technical Bulletin No. 100 Test Method for Wet Track Abrasion of Slurry Surfaces3. Summary of Test Method3.1 An aggregate or RAP, or both, is mixed together with a preset amount of additives (if shown to be necessary), water (ifnecessary)necessary), and emulsified asphalt. This may be a fiel
11、d blended field-blended mixture (Method A) or a laboratoryblended laboratory-blended mixture (Method B). The mixture is compacted in a gyratory compactor and cured at the specified1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct respons
12、ibility of Subcommittee D04.27 on Cold MixAsphalts.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016Dec. 15, 2018. Published October 2016January 2019. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20122016 asD7196 12.D7196 16. DOI: 10.1520/D7196-16.10.1520/D7196-18.2 For referencedASTM standard
13、s, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM
14、standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by
15、 ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1conditions for a designated period of time. After the assigned curing time, a rotating rubber hose exerts an abrasion force on thespecimen
16、 for a preset time period and the abraded loss of material is calculated.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test is useful for classifying the curing and formulation of cold mixed cold-mixed emulsified asphalt samples throughravel testing of compacted specimens. This performance test should be used to
17、rank the mix conditions and approximate curingtime for return to traffic and resistance to weather damage.NOTE 1The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and thecapability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipm
18、ent used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capableof competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone doesnot completely ensure reliable results. Reliable res
19、ults depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similaracceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.5. Apparatus5.1 Hobart MixerThe 13 H.P. Fixed Speed Motor, model A 120 will be used to abrade the sample.5.2 Raveling
20、 Test Adapter BaseThis base must fit the Hobart mixer in 5.1 and be an adequate and level support for clampingthe test specimen in place. The test specimen should not move during abrasion. A picture of the base can be seen in Fig. 1.35.3 Raveling Test Abrasion Head with HoseThe abrasion head should
21、be free floating over the sample and have a mass of 6006 15 g. This mass shall include the rubber hose. The rubber hose shall be a Parker 290 Ozex General Purpose Hose 7094 Hose(7094-75304) or equivalent. The hose shall be 19 mm ID by 6.25 mm wall thickness and cut to 127 mm in length. The rubber ho
22、seshall be easily removed so that it may be rotated or changed prior to testing to insureensure a clean surface for abrasion.45.4 Oven or Environmental ChamberIf required for other than ambient laboratory curing conditions, the oven shall be aconstant temperature forced draft oven. The shelves in th
23、e oven shall be placed at least 150 mm apart and 100 mm away from thetop and floor.5.5 BalanceA balance capable of weighing 3000 g or more to within 6 0.1 60.1 g and conforming to the requirements ofGuide D4753, Class GP2. A minimum platform length and width of 200 mm is required.5.6 Gyratory Compac
24、torA gyratory compactor meeting the requirements of Test Method D6925.5.7 Mechanical MixerA mixer capable of mixing up to 3000 g of the cold emulsified asphalt mixture.5.8 100 to 150 mm Fine Bristle Paint BrushA fine bristled paint brush capable of sweeping loose material from abradedsample without
25、damaging surface.3 The sole source of supply of the Raveling Test Adapter Base known to the committee at this time is Precision Machine and Welding, Salina, Kansas. If you are awareof alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive
26、careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1 which you may attend.4 An abrasion head similar to that used in the Wet Track Abrasion of Slurry Surfaces (Practices D3910, D6372, and ISSA TB-100) may meet the requirements with thering weight removed.The sole source of supp
27、ly of the abrasion head known to the committee at this time is Precision Machine and Welding, Salina, Kansas. If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
28、 technicalcommittee,1 which you may attend.FIG. 1 Raveling Test Adapter BaseD7196 1826. Materials6.1 Emulsified AsphaltThe emulsified asphalt should meet all applicable specifications for the required project. The emulsionspecifications shall be provided by the agency or requirements such as those g
29、iven in SpecificationPractice D977 or SpecificationD2397D2397/D2397M.The emulsified asphalt shall be brought to equilibrium to the specified temperature, if other than laboratoryambient, for a minimum of one hour 1 h prior to mixing with the aggregates or RAP.6.2 Aggregates/RAPThe job aggregates or
30、RAP, or both, for Method B should be sampled and split according to PracticeD75D75/D75M.6.3 Cold Bituminous Paving MixtureThe job mixture for Method A should be sampled according to Practice D979D979/D979M.6.4 AdditivesAny additional additives that are shown to be necessary must meet the specificati
31、ons required by the agency andmixed or blended with the materials as recommended by the agency or as recommended by the additive supplier if the agency doesnot specifically detail the method of mixing or blending.7. Test Specimens7.1 Method A (Field Blended (Field-Blended Cold Bituminous Paving Mixt
32、ure):7.1.1 Make sure that sample integrity was maintained while transferring from the field to the testing facility. Loss of moistureand excessive curing time will affect the results of the test.7.1.2 Scalp the mixture sample through a 25.0-mm sieve and split out two samples to a quantity of 2750 g
33、in mass. The 2750g is an approximate mass to give 70 6 5 mm of height after compaction.NOTE 2A test mix for compaction may be necessary to get appropriate mass of sample.7.2 Method B (Lab Blended (Lab-Blended Mixture):7.2.1 Split out two samples of aggregate/RAP from the 25.0-mm scalped design grada
34、tion to a quantity of 2700 g in mass. The2700 g is an approximate mass to yield a 70 6 5 mm high cylinder after compaction.NOTE 3A test mix for compaction may be necessary to get appropriate mass of sample.7.2.2 Place the sample into a container of adequate size for mixing.7.2.3 Add the additive or
35、water contents, or both, to each of the samples and mix with the mechanical mixer for 60 s.7.2.4 Add the emulsion to the sample and mix with the mechanical mixer for 60 s.7.3 Place the sample immediately into a 150 mm 150-mm gyratory compaction mold and compactedcompact for 20 gyrations.If the sampl
36、e height is not 70 6 5 mm, the sample mass should be adjusted.NOTE 4Various additives and emulsified asphalt may be effectedaffected by the mechanical mixer and mix times used in 7.2.3 and 7.2.4. The degreeof coating, time to optimum coating, and type of mechanical mixer may be noted for later refer
37、ence.8. Conditioning8.1 Remove the samples immediately from the compaction molds and allow to cure at the proper time, temperature, andhumidity prescribed by the specifications.NOTE 5The specimens tested for raveling resistance have been conditioned in temperatures ranging from 10 to 60C60 C for tim
38、e frames of 1 to24 h for design purposes. Typical testing parameters for the raveling test are ambient lab conditions 18 to 24C24 C for 4 h 6 5 min.8.2 Weigh the specimens after the curing, just prior to testing. This mass shall be recorded as the Specimen Massspecimen mass(prior to test).9. Procedu
39、re9.1 Place the specimen on the raveling test adapter base. Care should be taken that the specimen is centered and well supported.There must be a minimum of 10 mm of the specimen above the raveling test adapter base. The abrasion head should be checkedso that the area of hose to be in contact with t
40、he specimen has not been previously used. It is acceptable to rotate the hose to anon-abraded section. The abrasion head (with hose) shall be free to move vertically downward a minimum of 10 mm after initialcontact with specimen. Fig. 2 shows an example of the Set-Upset-up of the test process.9.2 Ab
41、rade the sample for the specified period of time. After abrasion time is completed, remove the specimen carefully fromthe base and brush with the fine bristle paintbrush to remove any loose material and immediately weigh the specimen. This massshould be recorded as the Specimen Massspecimen mass (ab
42、raded).NOTE 6Typical testing time for the raveling test is 15 min. When brushing the specimen, care should be taken not to dislodge any significant amountof material that was not abraded during testing.10. Calculation10.1 This equation is used to determine the total percent mass loss based on the in
43、itial sample weight. The percent mass lossis calculated as follows:D7196 183%Mass Loss51003A 2B!/A (1)where:A = specimen mass (prior to test), andB = specimen mass (abraded).NOTE 7Report the mass loss to the nearest 0.1 % as an average of the two tested specimens.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The preci
44、sion of this Since a precision estimate for this standard has not been developed, this test method is being furtherdeveloped. Initial testing results show that replicate samples are producing results within 0.5 % mass loss when the specimens areless than 5 % total mass loss.to be used for research o
45、r informational purposes only. Therefore, this standard should not be usedfor acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.11.2 No information can be presented on the bias for measuring % Mass Loss% mass loss in this test method because nomaterial having an acceptable reference valu
46、e is available.12. Keywords12.1 aggregate; emulsified asphalt; cold mix; emulsified asphalt; raveling; recycled asphalt pavement (RAP)ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standa
47、rd are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif
48、 not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, whic
49、h you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Perm
