1、Designation: D7496 17D7496 18Standard Test Method forViscosity of Emulsified Asphalt by Saybolt FurolViscometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7496; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method utilizes the Saybolt Furol viscometer to measure the consistency of emulsified asphalt. It is applica
3、ble toall the emulsified asphalts specified in Specifications D977 and D2397D2397/D2397M.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement areincluded in this separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be
4、exact equivalents; therefore, each system shallbe used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in noncompliance with the standard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding
5、those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmen
6、tal practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guide
7、s and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D88 Test Method for Saybolt ViscosityD977 Specification for Emulsified AsphaltD2397D2397/D2397M Specification for Cationic Emulsified AsphaltE1 Specifica
8、tion for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test SievesE1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers3. Significance and Use3.1 Viscosity has significance in the use of emulsified asphalts because it is a property which
9、affects their utility. When usedin application types of construction, the material must be thin enough to be uniformly applied through the spray bar of distributor,yet thick enough so that it will not flow from the crown or grade of the road. For mixing-grade emulsions, the viscosity may affectmixib
10、ilitymixability and resulting thickness of film on the aggregate.The viscosity of many emulsified asphalts is affected by shear.Therefore, strict adherence to test procedure is necessary to achieve precision.4. Sample Conditioning for Testing4.1 All emulsified asphalts shall be properly stirred to a
11、chieve homogeneity before testing.4.2 All emulsified asphalts with the viscosity testing requirements of 50 C 122 F shall be heated to 50 6 3 C 122 6 5 Fin the original sample container in a water bath or oven. The container should be vented to relieve pressure. After the samplereaches 50 6 3 C, 3 C
12、 122 6 5 F, stir the sample to achieve homogeneity.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.42 on EmulsifiedAsphalt Test.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017Dec. 1, 2018. Published September
13、2017January 2019. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 20112017as D7496 11.D7496 17. DOI: 10.1520/D7496-17.10.1520/D7496-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Stand
14、ardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible
15、to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co
16、nshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.3 Emulsified asphalts with a viscosity testing requirements to 25 C 77 F should be mixed or stirred at 25 6 3 C 77 65 F in the original sample container to achieve homogeneity.NOTE 1Emulsified asphalts with viscosity testing requirements of 25 C 77 F may be
17、 heated and stirred as specified in 4.2, if necessary. In theevent the method described in 4.2 is used, the sample should be cooled to 25 6 3 C 77 6 5 F and stirred before testing.5. Apparatus5.1 ViscometerA Saybolt Furol viscometer conforming to the requirements specified in Test Method D88.5.2 Sie
18、veAn 850-m sieve or a 20-mesh strainer of wire cloth, framed or unframed. Refer to Specification E11.5.3 ThermometersOne of the following:5.3.1 ASTM No. 17C or 17F for tests at 25 C 77 F andASTM No. 19C or 19F for tests at 50 C, 50 C 122 F, conformingto the requirements of Specification E1.5.3.2 A p
19、latinum resistance thermometer (PRT) with a probe which conforms to the requirements of SpecificationE1137/E1137M, readable to 0.1 C. 0.1 C 0.2 F. The PRT shall have a 3three or 4 wire four-wire connection configuration andthe overall sheath length shall be at least 50 mm 2 in. greater than the imme
20、rsion depth.5.3.3 A metal-sheathed thermistor with a sensor similar in construction to the PRT described in 5.3.2, readable to 0.1 C.0.1 C0.2 F.5.4 Water Bath or Oven, capable of maintaining the required testing temperature within the limits specified in Section 7.5.5 Receiving Flask, as shown in Te
21、st Method D88.5.6 BeakerA 400-mL glass beaker.5.7 BottleA bottle of approximately 120-mL capacity.6. Hazards6.1 WarningMercury has been designated by the EPAand many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause centralnervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be h
22、azardous to health and corrosive to materials. Cautionshould be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product SDS (Safety DataSheet)/MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) for details and the EPAs website (www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additionalinformation. U
23、sers should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products (or both) in your state may be prohibitedby state law.7. Procedure7.1 Tests at 25 C25 C 77 FClean and dry the viscometer and insert the stopper or cork. Follow either Procedure A orB below:7.1.1 Procedure APour approximately 10
24、0 mL of the emulsified asphalt into a 400-mL glass beaker. Immerse bottom of thebeaker containing the emulsified asphalt approximately 50 mm 2 in. below the level of a 25 C 77 F water bath. Hold thebeaker upright and stir the emulsified asphalt with a wide circular motion at a rate of 60 revolutions
25、 per minute with thethermometric device to obtain uniform temperature distribution. distribution of 25 6 3 C 77 6 5 F. Avoid incorporation ofbubbles. Pour the sample into the viscometer through the 850-m sieve or 20-mesh strainer until it is above the overflow rim. Stirthe emulsified asphalt in the
26、viscometer at 60 revolutions per minute with the thermometric device, avoiding bubble formation.Adjust the viscometer bath temperature until the emulsified asphalt temperature remains constant for 1 min at 25 6 0.1 C. 0.1 C77 6 0.2 F. Withdraw the thermometric device. Quickly remove the excess of em
27、ulsified asphalt from the gallery with a suctionpipet or a vacuum hose. Determine the viscosity as described in Test Method D88. Report the results to the nearest full second.7.1.2 Procedure BPour the sample of emulsified asphalt into an appropriately sized (approximately 120 mL) bottle. Place these
28、aled bottle into a water bath maintained at 25 C 77 F for 30 min. Remove the bottle from the bath and mix the sample byinverting the bottle several times slowly enough to avoid bubble formation. Pour the sample into the viscometer through the850-m sieve or 20-mesh strainer until it is above the over
29、flow rim. Stir the emulsified asphalt in the viscometer at 60 revolutionsper minute with the thermometric device, avoiding bubble formation. Adjust the viscometer bath temperature until the emulsifiedasphalt temperature remains constant for 1 min at 25 6 0.1 C. 0.1 C 77 6 0.2 F. Withdraw the thermom
30、etric device. Quicklyremove the excess of emulsified asphalt from the gallery with a suction pipet or a vacuum hose. Determine the viscosity asdescribed in Test Method D88. Report the results to the nearest full second.7.2 Tests at 50 C50 C 122 FClean and dry the viscometer and insert the stopper or
31、 cork. Follow either Procedure Aor B below:7.2.1 Procedure AIf the sample of emulsified asphalt is cooler than 50 C, 50 C 122 F, heat the sample to 50 6 3 C 1226 5 F in a 71 6 3 C 160 6 5 F water bath or oven. Stir the sample thoroughly without incorporating bubbles, and then pourapproximately 100 m
32、L into a 400-mL glass beaker. Immerse the bottom of the beaker containing the emulsified asphaltapproximately 50 mm 2 in. below the level of a 71 6 3 C 160 6 5 F water bath. Hold the beaker upright and stir theemulsified asphalt with a wide circular motion at a rate of 60 revolutions per minute with
33、 the thermometric device to obtainD7496 182uniform temperature distribution. Avoid incorporation of bubbles. Heat the emulsified asphalt in the water bath to 51.4 6 0.3 C.0.3 C 124.560.5 F. Immediately pour the emulsified asphalt through the 850-m sieve or 20-mesh strainer into the viscometeruntil i
34、t is above the overflow rim. Stir the emulsified asphalt in the viscometer at 60 revolutions per minute with the thermometricdevice, avoiding bubble formation.Adjust the bath temperature until the emulsified asphalt temperature remains constant for 1 minat 5060.1 C.Withdraw the thermometric device.
35、Quickly remove the excess of emulsified asphalt from the gallery with a suctionpipet or a vacuum hose. Determine the viscosity as described in Test Method D88. Report the results to the nearest full second.7.2.2 Procedure BPour the sample of emulsified asphalt into an appropriately sized (approximat
36、ely 120 mL) bottle. Place thesealed bottle into a water bath or oven maintained at 51.4 6 0.3 C 124.5 6 0.5 F for 30 min. Remove the bottle from the bathor oven and mix the sample by inverting the bottle several times slowly enough to avoid bubble formation. Pour the sample intothe viscometer throug
37、h the 850-m sieve or 20-mesh strainer until it is above the overflow rim. Stir the emulsified asphalt in theviscometer at 60 revolutions per minute with the thermometric device, avoiding bubble formation. Adjust the bath temperatureuntil the emulsified asphalt temperature remains constant for 1 min
38、at 50 6 0.1 C. 0.1 C 122 6 0.2 F. Withdraw thethermometric device. Quickly remove the excess of emulsified asphalt from the gallery with a suction pipet or a vacuum hose.Determine the viscosity as described in Test Method D88. Report the results to the nearest full second.NOTE 2While the Saybolt Fur
39、ol viscometer is not used for petroleum products and lubricants when the time of flow is less than 25 s, this instrumentis satisfactory for testing emulsified asphalt when the time of flow is not less than 20 s.NOTE 3Special care must be taken when stirring samples with mercury thermometers to avoid
40、 breakage and releasing of mercury. See Section 66.1.8. Precision and Bias8.1 The following criteria should be used for judging the acceptability of results (95 % probability).38.1.1 Duplicate results by the same operator should not be considered suspect unless they differ by more than the following
41、amount:Test TemperatureC FViscositysRepeatability% of the mean25 77 25 to 200 6.750 122 75 to 400 10.88.1.2 The results submitted by each of two laboratories should not be considered suspect unless they differ by more than thefollowing amount:Test TemperatureC FViscositysReproducibility% of the mean
42、25 77 25 to 200 2250 122 75 to 400 889. Keywords9.1 asphalt; emulsified asphalt; emulsion; furol; saybolt; viscosityASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly a
43、dvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, eith
44、er reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend.
45、If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Indiv
46、idual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured f
47、rom the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ Research Reports RR:D04-1035 and RR:D04-1036 present the results of the interlaboratory study used to establish the precision and bias statement for ASTM D7496,Standard Test Method for Viscosity of
48、Emulsified Asphalt by Saybolt Furol Viscometer. The collaborative study included respectively 14 labs and 17 labs who used TestMethod D7496 to analyze the viscosity of several types of emulsified asphalt of varying viscosity levels, including three different standards. The research reports presentsummary method performance statistics as well as the measurement data used to calculate results for the study.D7496 183
