1、Designation: E2349 12E2349 18Standard Practice forSafety Requirements in Metal Casting Operations: SandPreparation, Molding, and Core Making; Melting andPouring; and Cleaning and Finishing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2349; the number immediately following the designation ind
2、icates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis practice is part of a project starte
3、d in 1972 under the sponsorship of the American FoundrySociety, Inc. Standard for Safety Requirements in Metal Casting OperationsSand Preparation,Molding, and Core Making; Melting and Pouring; and Cleaning and Finishing.The metal casting industry shares safety considerations with many other industri
4、es requiring themovement of heavy objects, the use of large ovens and melt furnaces, and processing of hot materials.In addition, there are safety considerations common to all industries. The present trend is towards thedevelopment of industry-wide standards wherever the need for safety consideratio
5、ns exists. Thispractice, therefore, is limited to safety considerations of special importance in the metal castingindustry operations in which general standards do not exist or are not considered adequate. Thispractice is not intended to supersede or replace any applicable federal, state, or local g
6、overnmentalsafety regulations or requirements, but rather, it is intended to augment and support any suchrequirements. Operating rules are not included in this practice unless they are vital to safety.Compliance with this practice should provide a relatively safe environment, which is a fundamentalr
7、equirement in preventing occupational injuries.ContentsIntroduction1. Scope 8.2 Core Making1 Scope 8.2 Core Making2. Referenced Documents 8.3 Molding Equipment2 Referenced Documents 8.3 Molding Equipment3. Terminology 8.4 Fuel-Fired Equipment3 Terminology 8.4 Fuel-Fired Equipment4. Materials and Man
8、ufacture 8.5 Operation Procedures for Sand Preparation, Molding, and Coremaking4 Materials and Manufacture 8.5 Operation Procedures for Sand Preparation, Molding, and Coremaking4.1 Responsibility 9. Melting and Pouring4.1 Responsibility 9 Melting and Pouring4.2 Inherent Hazards 9.1 Cupola4.3 Install
9、ation 9.2Electric FurnacesInduction Melting and Induction Holding4.3 Installation 9.2 Electric Furnaces Induction Melting and Induction Holding4.4 Power Requirements 9.3 Electric FurnacesDirect Arc Furnaces4.4 Power Requirements 9.3 Electric Furnaces Direct Arc Furnaces4.5 Electrical Ground Faults 9
10、.4 Ladles4.6 Fluid Power Off 9.5 Molten Metal Handling and Pouring Equipment4.7 Electrical Equipment Grounding 9.6 Maintenance and Inspection4.8 Fluid Exhaust (Gas or Liquid) 9.7 Molten Metal Treatment5. Care of EquipmentGeneral Provisions 9.8 Specific Material Handling Equipment5 Care of Equipment
11、General Provisions 9.8 Specific Material Handling Equipment5.1 Instructions 9.9 Molten Metal Handling and Pouring5.2 Installation 9.10 Overhead Handling of Molten Material5.3 Inspection and Preventive Maintenance 10. Cleaning and Finishing5.3 Inspection and Preventive Maintenance 10 Cleaning and Fin
12、ishing5.4 Maintenance Personnel Training and Experience 10.1 Care of Cleaning and Finishing Equipment1 This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E34 on Occupational Health and Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E34.10 on IndustrialSafety.Current edition approved A
13、pril 1, 2012Oct. 1, 2018. Published May 2012November 2018. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20092012 asE2349 09.E2349 12. DOI: 10.1520/E2349-12.10.1520/E2349-18.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indicat
14、ion of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be cons
15、idered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Contents5.5 Startup Procedure 10.2 Specific Equipment SafeguardsCleaning and Finishing5.5 Startup Procedure 10.2 Specific Equipment Safeguards Cleaning and F
16、inishing5.6 Shutdown Procedure 10.3 Abrasive Blasting5.7 Troubleshooting, Maintenance and Repair 10.4 Chipping6. SafeguardsGeneral Requirements 10.5 Abrasive Wheels6 Safeguards General Requirements 10.5 Abrasive Wheels6.2 Responsibility for Safeguarding 10.6 Operating Procedures for Abrasive Wheels6
17、.3 Guarding 10.7 Portable Abrasive Wheels6.4 Hazard Zone Guarding 10.8 Grinding Magnesium6.5 Hazard Zone Protective Devices 10.9 Molten Salts Cleaning7. Operation of EquipmentGeneral Requirements 10.10 Hooks Designed for Handling Castings7 Operation of Equipment General Requirements 10.10 Hooks Desi
18、gned for Handling Castings7.1 Employers Responsibility 10.11 Slings7.2 Employees Responsibility 10.12 Lighting8. Sand Preparation, Molding, and Coremaking 11. Keywords8 Sand Preparation, Molding, and Coremaking 11 Keywords8.1 Sand Handling and Preparation1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the requirem
19、ents of applying the design, construction, and operation of the machinery and equipmentused in metal casting operationssand preparation, molding and core making, melting and pouring, and cleaning and finishing.This practice does not apply to die casting operations.1.2 PurposeThe requirements of this
20、 practice, including the training of supervisors and employees, are intended to minimizethe possibility of injury to operating and maintenance personnel while working on, or in the vicinity of, the specified equipment.Compliance with this practice, in conjunction with OSHA regulations, provides a re
21、latively safe environment, which is afundamental requisite in helping to prevent occupational injuries.1.3 Application:1.3.1 New InstallationsAfter the date of publication, all new installations within the scope of this specification shall be inconformance with its requirements. Any existing machine
22、 installation moved to a new plant or another location in the same plantis deemed a new installation when it is installed in the new location. However, an existing installed machine (former installation)that is moved for a short distance, for example, to provide additional aisle space, is not deemed
23、 to be a new installation.1.3.2 Existing InstallationsAfter the approval date of this practice, installations existing on, or before, this date, shall bemodified as necessary to be in conformance with all requirements of this practice. Where it is not practical to modify an existingfacility in confo
24、rmance with this practice, deficiencies shall be noted and plans for compliance shall be included in any futurefacility or equipment changes. Those facilities and equipment on order or in the process of construction on the date of publicationof this practice shall be considered as an existing instal
25、lation. This practice applies to existing equipment if it lacks the necessaryemployee protection (personal protective equipment or administrative controls).1.4 The values stated in inch/pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in brackets are for information only.1.5 The text of th
26、is practice references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with it
27、s use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally reco
28、gnized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E1542 Terminology Rela
29、ting to Occupational Health and SafetyF1002 Performance Specification for Protective Clothing and Materials for Use by Workers Exposed to Specific MoltenSubstances and Related Thermal HazardsF1449 Guide for Industrial Laundering of Flame, Thermal, and Arc Resistant Clothing2.2 ANSI Standards:3ANSI A
30、12.64.1 Safety Requirements for Workplace, Floor and Wall Openings, Stairs and Railing SystemsANSI A58.1 Minimum Design Load in Buildings and Other Structures2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AS
31、TM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.E2349 182ANSI B5.35 Machine Mounting for Abrasive Discs and Plate Mounted
32、WheelsANSI B 11.6 Safety Requirements for Manual Turning Machines with or without Automatic ControlANSI B7.1 Safety Requirements for the Use, Care and Protection of Abrasive Wheels.ANSI B11.9 Grinding Machines, Safety Requirements for the Construction, Care and Use ofANSI B11 TR3 Risk Assessment and
33、 Risk ReductionA Guide to Estimate, Evaluate and Reduce Risks Associated withMachine ToolsANSI B15.1 Mechanical Power Transmission ApparatusANSI B20.1 Safety Standard for Conveyors and Related Equipment (ASME B20.1)ANSI/ASME B30.2 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running, Bridge, Single or Multiple G
34、irder Top Running Trolley Hoist)ANSI/ASME B30.9 SlingsANSI/ASME B30.10 HooksANSI/ASME B30.11 Monorails and Underhung CranesANSI/ASME B30.20 Below-the-hook Lifting DevicesANSI B107.4 Driving also occasionally to oxidize impurities in molten metal bath.3.2.63 lip, nformed “U” or “V” depression in a mo
35、lten metal outlet to confine the stream.3.2.64 main burner, nprimary combustion device commonly ignited by a secondary source.3.2.65 mandatory safety standards, nthose safety standards that are legally enforceable by agencies of federal, state, or localgovernment.3.2.66 manual, adjeach machine funct
36、ion in the machine cycle and load cycle is manually initiated and controlled in thesequence or out of the sequence of the normal machine cycle.3.2.67 manually powered machines, nmachine in which the operator provides the motive power to operate the machine.E2349 1863.2.68 manual mode, nmethod of ope
37、ration that requires manual initiation of each function in the equipment cycle.3.2.69 mold, nform that contains the cavity into which molten metal is poured to produce a casting of definite shape andoutline.3.2.70 molding machine, nmachine for compacting molding media (usually sand) about the patter
38、n(s), thus forming the mold.3.2.71 moving frame, nthat part of a molding machine that supports the flask and imparts the motions necessary to the moldmaking process.3.2.72 muller, nmachine that blends, coats, kneads, or mechanically combines various sand(s) or other media used for foundrypurposes wi
39、th binders and other additive agents. Typically, it consists of a circular container in which rotating plows or mill wheels(mullers) or both are mounted.3.2.73 nip point, npoint or zone in which a part of the body could be caught and squeezed between two surfaces, edges, orpoints.3.2.74 operators wo
40、rk zone(s), noperators work zone(s) of equipment is that area in which the operators presence isrequired while operating in the intended manner.3.2.74.1 DiscussionAn employees presence applies to the entrance into the operators work zone of the employees body or any part thereof.3.2.75 pattern, nfor
41、m of wood, metal, or other material against which molding material is compacted to make a mold forcasting metals.3.2.76 pilot (flame or spark), nauxiliary source that ignites the main burner.3.2.77 pinch point, nzone in which a portion of the body could be caught and injured between surfaces, edges,
42、 or points.3.2.78 point of operation, nthat point or zone in which the principal operation is being performed.3.2.79 pouring, nfinal transfer of molten metal before its solidification into its intended form.3.2.80 pouring area, nlocation in a foundry where molten metal is poured into molds or transf
43、erred from a ladle to a furnace.3.2.81 power locked off, nstate in which the device that turns power off is locked in the off position with the padlock of everyindividual who is working on the machine. Locks are affixed directly to the power disconnect, to a group lockout device, grouplockbox, or co
44、mparable mechanism.3.2.82 power off or out, nstate in which power cannot flow to the equipment from the source (see 4.4).3.2.83 presence-sensing device, ndevice designed, constructed, and arranged to create a sensing field or area that will detecteither the presence or absence of personnel.3.2.84 pr
45、otection from unexpected machine movement, nsee protection, primary and protection, secondary.3.2.84.1 DiscussionThere are hazards other than unexpected movement, and the OSHA machine lockout/tagout standard 29 CFR 1910.147 includesprotection against such other hazards.3.2.85 protection, primary, ns
46、tate in which the primary source(s) of power has been isolated by being locked out (off) andin which stored energy in the machine has been dissipated, constrained, or controlled. The state in which OSHA lockout/tagouthas been established.3.2.85.1 DiscussionLocking out the power to an electric drive
47、motor by means of the main disconnect switch is an example of primary protectionagainst hazards related to the running of the motor.3.2.86 protection, secondary, nlimited protection by control devices.3.2.86.1 DiscussionIt is possible for control devices, like limit switches, to malfunction mechanic
48、ally or electrically, and interlocks intended for safetypurposes are sometimes bypassed or wedged or tied in actuated states. Secondary protection is only justifiable when there is nopractical alternative, that is, when primary protection is not practical and when regular disciplined maintenance is
49、present. Theoperator, whose constant attitude should be one of caution, should understand the fact that operator protection devices such asE2349 187interlocked guards are secondary protection. Frequent inspections of such protective devices should be made. Locking a STOPpush button in the actuated position instead of using OSHA lockout/tagout is an example of a dangerous attempt to use secondaryprotection against machine movement.3.2.87 protective device, nmeans whereby personnel access to a hazard zone or area is
