1、Designation: E2771 113Standard Terminology forHomeland Security Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2771; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthe
2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorially transferred terms in January 2014.2NOTEEditorially transferred terms in January 2017.3NOTEEditorially transferred terms in January 2019.1. Scope1.1
3、This terminology provides definitions and abbreviationsof terms used in ASTM International standards pertaining tohomeland security applications.1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on
4、Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD747 Test Method for Apparent Bending
5、Modulus of Plas-tics by Means of a Cantilever Beam (Withdrawn 2019)3D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-alsD882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin PlasticSheetingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1129 Terminolo
6、gy Relating to WaterD1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics byFalling-Pendulum (Elmendorf-Type) ApparatusD3384 Method of Test for Powder Resistance of FloorPolish FilmsD5219 Terminology Relating to Body Dimensions for Ap-parel SizingE1301 Guide for Proficiency Testing by InterlaboratoryCom
7、parisons (Withdrawn 2012)3E1765 Practice for Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) to Multiattribute Decision Analysis of InvestmentsRelated to Projects, Products, and ProcessesE2411 Specification for Chemical Warfare Vapor Detector(CWVD) (Withdrawn 2014)3E2413 Guide for Hospital Preparedness a
8、nd Response(Withdrawn 2018)3E2458 Practices for Bulk Sample Collection and SwabSample Collection of Visible Powders Suspected of BeingBiological Agents and Toxins from Nonporous SurfacesE2520 Practice for Measuring and Scoring Performance ofTrace Explosive Chemical DetectorsE2521 Terminology for Eva
9、luating Response Robot Capa-bilitiesE2541 Guide for Stakeholder-Focused, Consensus-BasedDisaster Restoration Process for Contaminated Assets(Withdrawn 2019)3E2542 Specification for Portable Water Heaters Used atPersonnel Decontamination StationsE2543 Specification for Portable Air Heaters Used at Pe
10、r-sonnel Decontamination Stations and SheltersE2601 Practice for Radiological Emergency ResponseE2639 Test Method for Blast Resistance of Trash Recep-taclesE2640 Guide for Resource Management in Emergency Man-agement and Homeland Security (Withdrawn 2019)3E2668 Guide for Emergency Operations Center
11、(EOC) De-velopment (Withdrawn 2019)3E2677 Test Method for Determining Limits of Detection inExplosive Trace DetectorsE2731 Specification for Materials to Mitigate the Spread ofRadioactive Contamination after a Radiological Disper-sion Event (Withdrawn 2018)3E2732 Practice for Responder Family Suppor
12、t ServiceE2739 Specification for Personnel Decontamination Systemto be Used During a Chemical Event (Withdrawn 2019)3E2740 Specification for Trash Receptacles Subjected toBlast Resistance Testing1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 onHomeland Security Applications and is
13、 the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE54.92 on Terminology.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2011. Published January 2012. DOI: 10.1520/E2771-11E03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMSt
14、andards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis intern
15、ational standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Comm
16、ittee.1E2770 Guide for Operational Guidelines for Initial Responseto Suspected Biological Agents and ToxinsE2800 Practice for Characterization of Bacillus Spore Sus-pensions for Reference MaterialsE2831/E2831M Guide for Deployment of Blast ResistantTrash Receptacles in Crowded PlacesE2842 Guide for
17、Credentialing for Access to an Incident orEvent SiteE2851/E2851M Specification for Ruggedness Requirementsfor HAZMAT InstrumentationE2852 Guide for Acquisition, Maintenance, Storage, andUse of Hazardous Material Detection InstrumentationE2866 Test Method for Determination of DiisopropylMethylphospho
18、nate, Ethyl Methylphosphonic Acid, Iso-propyl Methylphosphonic Acid, Methylphosphonic Acidand Pinacolyl Methylphosphonic Acid in Soil by Pressur-ized Fluid Extraction and Analyzed by LiquidChromatography/Tandem MaE2885 Specification for Handheld Point Chemical VaporDetectors (HPCVD) for Homeland Sec
19、urity ApplicationsE2915 Guide for Emergency Operations Center (EOC) Man-agementE2933 Specification for Stationary Point Chemical VaporDetectors (SPCVD) for Homeland Security ApplicationsE2951 Guide for Community Emergency Preparedness forPersons with DisabilitiesE2952 Specification forAir-Purifying
20、Respiratory ProtectiveSmoke Escape Devices (RPED)E3002 Practice for Assessing the Comparative Efficacy ofProducts Used for the Decontamination of ChemicalWarfare Agents (CWAs) on SkinE3003 Practice for Body Armor Wearer Measurement andFitting of ArmorE3004 Specification for Preparation and Verificat
21、ion of ClayBlocks Used in Ballistic-Resistance Testing of Torso BodyArmorE3005 Terminology for Body ArmorE3062 Specification for Indoor Ballistic Test Ranges forSmall Arms and Fragmentation Testing of Ballistic-resistant ItemsE3068 Test Method for Contact Measurement of BackfaceDeformation in Clay B
22、acking During BodyArmor TestingE3078 Practice for Conditioning of Hard Armor Test ItemsE3086 Practice for Creating Appliques for Use in Testing ofNonplanar Soft Body Armor Designed for FemalesE3095 Guide for Surrogate Materials for Field Evaluation ofNucleic Acid-Based On-Site Biological Assessment
23、Tech-nologiesE3107 Test Method for Resistance to Penetration and Back-face Deformation for Ballistic-resistantTorso BodyArmorand Shoot PacksE3108 Practice for Conformity Assessment of ProtectiveGloves Worn by Law Enforcement and Corrections Offi-cersE3109 Specification for Protective Gloves Worn by
24、LawEnforcement and Corrections OfficersE3110 Test Method for Collection of Ballistic Limit Data forBallistic-resistant Torso Body Armor and Shoot PacksE3111/E3111M Test Method for Ballistic Resistant HeadProtectionE3112 Test Method for Ballistic-resistant Products andShoot PacksE3113 Specification f
25、or Ballistic-resistant Vehicle Door Pan-els Used by Public Safety AgenciesE3131 Specification for Nucleic Acid-Based Systems forBacterial Pathogen Screening of Suspicious Visible Pow-dersE3141/E3141M Test Method for Ballistic Resistant Shieldsfor Law EnforcementF1494 Terminology Relating to Protecti
26、ve ClothingF1731 Practice for Body Measurements and Sizing of Fireand Rescue Services Uniforms and Other Thermal HazardProtective ClothingF2878 Test Method for Protective Clothing Material Resis-tance to Hypodermic Needle PunctureF2992/F2992M Test Method for Measuring Cut Resistanceof Materials Used
27、 in Protective Clothing with Tomodyna-mometer (TDM-100) Test Equipment2.2 Government Standards:18 U.S.C. 175 Prohibitions with Respect to BiologicalWeapons418 U.S.C. 178 Definitions4CPL 02-02-071 Technical Enforcement and AssistanceGuidelines for Hazardous Waste Site and RCRA Correc-tive Action Clea
28、n-up Operations5DOD 4145.26 M Department of Defense: DOD ContractorsSafety Manual for Ammunition and Explosives6FEMA US the ALARA principle is satisfied when the expen-diture of further resources would be unwarranted by thereduction in exposure that would be achieved.E2601 15 from NCRP Report No. 16
29、5alarm, nsound, light, vibration, and/or data communicationsignal to the operator(s) indicating that the handheld pointchemical vapor detector (HPCVD) has detected the presenceof a chemical vapor of interest at or above the alarmthreshold value. E2885 13E2933 13alarm, nvisual or audible response, or
30、 both, from an ETDthat signifies the detection of an explosive. E2520 15alarm rule, nuser-selectable explosive trace detector (ETD)response requirements that, if met during an analysis, resultin a detection alarm for a particular compound.E2601 14DISCUSSIONAn alarm rule is a logistical pattern in th
31、e detectionresponse matrix for an analysis. The simplest alarm rule would requireonly a single positive detection response, whereas a more selective rule(useful for minimizing alpha risk) may require two positive responsesin any of three channels and perhaps a negative response in anotherchannel.ala
32、rm threshold, nsee detection threshold. E2677 14alarm threshold value, nvapor concentration correspondingto an AEGL value (AEGL-1, AEGL-2, or AEGL-3) thatactivates an HPCVD alarm. E2885 13alias, na false low-frequency component that appears whenreconstructing analog data that are sampled at an insuf
33、ficientrate. E2639 12 (2018)all-hazards, adjhazard is an inherent property of an event,product, or object that represents a threat to human life,property, or the environment. In this context, all-hazardsrefers to any incident or event that could pose such a threat.E2413 04 (2009)DISCUSSIONThese may
34、include special equipment and processesthat are used less frequently on a daily basis and require routine trainingto be most effective during a major incident.alpha, , risk, nprobability of obtaining a positive detectionoutcome, or alarm, when analyzing a process blank in aproperly-operating ETD. E2
35、677 14ambient background, nparticular mixture of environmentalsubstances (dust, dirt, etc.) that is collected during swabsampling. E2520 15DISCUSSIONThe chemical background collected on swabs is ex-pected to be highly variable, compositionally and temporally, com-prised of a nearly unlimited number
36、of possible chemical species andformulations. Background challenge materials (BCMs) should mimicimportant types of chemical background found in ETD deploymentareas.ammunition, none or more loaded cartridges consisting ofcase, primer, propellant, and one or more projectiles.E3005 18analyte, nthe part
37、icular chemical compound underconsideration. E2677 14DISCUSSIONPure analyte is used to make reference solutions byquantitative dissolution into a known amount of solvent. Quantitativedepositions of reference solutions are subsequently used to preparereference swabs containing known amounts of analyt
38、e.analytical column, nthe particles of the solid stationaryphase fill the whole inside volume of a tube (column) that themobile phase passes through using the pressure generated bythe liquid chromatography system. E2866 12 (2016)angle of incidence, nthe angle between the test threat line ofaim and t
39、he line normal to a reference plane based on thefront surface of the backing assembly or witness panel. Seealso obliquity. E3110 18DISCUSSIONSome standards have used the terms angle of incidenceand obliquity as synonyms, but in this standard, they are defineddifferently.apex, nthe greatest protrusio
40、n of the breast as seen from theside. E3003 15from Terminology D5219applicant, nan individual applying for a credential.E2842 14applique, na three-dimensional item molded from backingmaterial that is shaped and sized for testing or conditioninga nonplanar test item. E3086 17E3005 18DISCUSSIONSome ap
41、pliques are designed for the purpose of fillingthe entire space behind a nonplanar test item; other appliques aredesigned to assess features of a nonplanar test item.applique, nbacking material intended to fill the space behinda nonplanar test item during testing or conditioningprocedures. E3068 171
42、applique, nfor hard armor testing, backing material intendedto fill the space behind the test item during testing orconditioning procedures. E3078 17applique pattern, na replica of the final product (that is,applique) used for preparing the applique mold cavity.E3086 17approved, adjacceptable to the
43、 authority having jurisdiction.E2952 17areal density, na measure of the mass of the armor panel perunit area, usually expressed in kilograms per square meter(kg/m2) or pound-mass per square foot (lbm/ft2).E3005 18armhole, nin garment construction, the area of a garmentthrough which the arm passes or
44、 into which a sleeve is fitted.E3003 15from Practice F1731 96 (2013)armor carrier, nSee carrier. E3005 18E2771 1134armor panel, na component of soft body armor consisting ofprotective materials, typically enclosed in a panel cover. Seeballistic panel, blunt impact panel, stab panel. See alsopanel co
45、ver. E3005 18aseptic technique, noperation or performance of a proce-dure or method under carefully controlled conditions toreduce the risk of exposure and prevent the introduction ofunwanted material/matter (contamination) into a sample.E2458 17E2770 17aspect ratio, nratio of width to height of an
46、image producedby a camera system. E2521 16assay, ncollection of one or more reagents and materials thatare used in a prescribed fashion to quantitatively or qualita-tively characterize a biological material. E3095 17assay, nquantitative or qualitative test used to determined thepresence or absence o
47、f a biological material. E3131 17asset, nproperty of a community to which (for purposes ofthis standard) a high monetary, ecological, or socio-cultural,or a combination thereof, value can be assigned, but whichhas no essential service or critical infrastructure functionwithin the community. (There w
48、ould be no need for thisconsensus-based restoration process in cases where com-plete restoration of critical infrastructure is obligatory.)E2541 10DISCUSSIONSome examples of assets include statues andmonuments, historical landmarks, forests and nature preserves,watersheds, parks and recreational are
49、as, cultural and archaeologicalsites, sports and entertainment pavilions, tourist attractions, govern-ment facilities, roads, streets, bridges, utilities, dams, and infrastruc-ture.attribute, na qualification, certification, authorization, orprivilege of the credential holder. E2842 14auditsystematic, independent, documented process for ob-taining records, statements of fact or other relevant informa-tion and assessing them objectively to determine the extentto which specified requirements are fulf
