1、Designation: G195 18Standard Guide forConducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser1This standard is issued under the fixed designation G195; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This guide covers and is intended to assist in establish-ing procedures for conducting wear tests of rigid or flexiblematerials utilizing
3、the rotary platform abraser.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionInch-pound units are used when statingrotational speed and determining coating thickness.1.3 This standard does not purport to addres
4、s all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was develop
5、ed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Docume
6、nts2.1 ASTM Standards:2B607 Specification for Autocatalytic Nickel Boron Coatingsfor Engineering UseB733 Specification for Autocatalytic (Electroless) Nickel-Phosphorus Coatings on MetalB893 Specification for Hard-Coat Anodizing of Magnesiumfor Engineering ApplicationsC501 Test Method for Relative R
7、esistance to Wear ofUnglazed Ceramic Tile by the Taber AbraserC744 Specification for Prefaced Concrete and Calcium Sili-cate Masonry UnitsC957/C957M Specification for High-Solids Content, ColdLiquid-Applied Elastomeric Waterproofing MembraneWith Integral Wearing SurfaceC1353/C1353M Test Method for A
8、brasion Resistance ofDimension Stone Subjected to Foot Traffic Using a RotaryPlatform AbraserC1803 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Mortar SurfacesUsing a Rotary Platform AbraserD154 Guide for Testing of Varnishes (Withdrawn 2018)3D1044 Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plastics toSurface Ab
9、rasionD2205 Guide for Selection of Tests for Traffic PaintsD3389 Test Method for Coated Fabrics Abrasion Resistance(Rotary Platform Abrader)D3451 Guide for Testing Coating Powders and PowderCoatingsD3489 Test Methods for Microcellular Urethane MaterialsD3730 Guide for Testing High-Performance Interi
10、or Archi-tectural Wall CoatingsD3794 Guide for Testing Coil CoatingsD3884 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics(Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by the Taber AbraserD4685/D4685M Test Method for Pile Fabric AbrasionD4712 Guide
11、 for Testing Industrial Water-Reducible Coat-ings (Withdrawn 2014)3D5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics (Grab Test)D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics (Strip Method)D5144 Guide for Use of Protective Coating Standards inNuclear Pow
12、er PlantsD5146 Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coat-ingsD5324 Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coat-ingsD6037 Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance ofHigh Gloss CoatingsD7255 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Leather(Rotary Platform, Abraser Method)1This guide is
13、under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear andErosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.30 on Abrasive Wear.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originallyapproved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as G195 13a. DOI:10.1520/G0195-18
14、.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is re
15、ferenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles
16、 on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1E1795 Specification for Non-Reinforced Liquid Coating En-capsulation Products fo
17、r Leaded Paint in BuildingsF362/F362M Test Method for Determining the Erasability ofInked Ribbons (Withdrawn 2016)3F510/F510M Test Method for Resistance to Abrasion ofResilient Floor Coverings Using an Abrader with a GritFeed MethodF1344 Specification for Rubber Floor TileF1478 Test Method for Deter
18、mination of Abrasion Resis-tance of Images Produced from Copiers and Printers(Taber Method)F1978 Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Resistance ofMetallic Thermal Spray Coatings by Using the TaberAbraserF2051 Specification for Implantable Saline Filled BreastProsthesisF2068 Specification for Femoral
19、ProsthesesMetallic Im-plantsG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 abraserwear testing instrument to evaluate abrasionresistance, also referred to as an abrader.3.1.2 abrasion cyclein abrasion testing, one or moremovements o
20、f the abradant across a material surface, or thematerial surface across the abradant, that permits a return to itsstarting position. In the case of the rotary platform abraser testmethod, it consists of one complete rotation of the turntablespecimen platform.3.1.3 mila U.S. term referring to the imp
21、erial unit ofmeasure of one one-thousandth of an inch (0.001 in.) referredto elsewhere in the world as “one thou;” 1 mil = 25.4 m.3.1.4 resurfaceprocedure of cleaning and refreshing therunning surface of an abrasive wheel prior to use or duringtesting.3.2 For definitions of other wear terms used in
22、this guide,refer to Terminology G40.3.3 Acronyms:3.3.1 CAMICoated Abrasives Manufacturers Institute4. Summary of Practice4.1 Aspecimen is abraded using rotary rubbing action undercontrolled conditions of pressure and abrasive action. The testspecimen, mounted on a turntable platform, turns on a vert
23、icalaxis, against the sliding rotation of two abrading wheels. Thewheels shall be mounted in such a way that when they are incontact with the rotating test specimen, they rotate in opposingdirections. One abrading wheel rubs the specimen outwardtoward the periphery and the other, inward toward the c
24、enterwhile a vacuum system removes wear debris generated duringthe test. The resulting abrasion marks form a pattern of crossedarcs over an area of approximately 30 cm2. Resistance toabrasion is evaluated by various means which are described inSection 12.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test guide pr
25、ovides a means to quantify the abra-sion resistance of material surfaces, and may be related toend-use performance, or used to comparatively rank materialperformance, or both. The resistance of material surfaces toabrasion, as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory, isgenerally only one of
26、several factors contributing to wearperformance as experienced in the actual use of the material.Other factors may need to be considered in any calculation ofpredicted life from specific abrasion data.5.2 The resistance of material surfaces to abrasion may beaffected by factors including test condit
27、ions; type of abradant;pressure between the specimen and abradant; mounting ortension of the specimen; and type, kind, or amount of finishingmaterials.5.3 Abrasion tests utilizing the rotary platform abraser maybe subject to variation due to changes in the abradant duringthe course of specific tests
28、. Depending on abradant type andtest specimen, the abrading wheel surface may change (that is,become clogged) due to the pick-up of finishing or othermaterials from test specimens. To reduce this variation, theabrading wheels should be resurfaced at regularly definedintervals. See Appendix X2.5.4 Th
29、e measurement of the relative amount of abrasionmay be affected by the method of evaluation and influenced bythe judgment of the operator.6. Apparatus6.1 Rotary Platform Abraser, consisting of the elementsdescribed in 6.1.1 to 6.1.5 (see Fig. 1). Also referred to as arotary platform, double head (RP
30、DH) abraser or abrader.6.1.1 A turntable specimen platform, which is removable,that includes a rubber pad, clamp plate, centrally locatedthreaded post and nut. When testing flexible specimens, theturntable platform will also include a clamping ring. Theturntable shall be motor driven, and mounted so
31、 as to producea circular surface travel of a flat specimen in the plane of itssurface. The turntable platform should rotate with no visiblewobble. This can be checked with a dial indicator at a distanceof 1.6 mm from the top outer edge of the platform to make sureit runs true within 0.2 mm.6.1.2 A m
32、otor capable of rotating the turntable platformcounter-clockwise at a speed of either 72 r min 6 2 r min or60 r min 6 2 r min.6.1.3 A pair of pivoted arms to which the abrasive wheelsand accessory weights or counterweights are attached.6.1.4 A vacuum suction system and vacuum pickup nozzleto remove
33、debris and abrasive particles from the specimensurface during testing. The vacuum suction force shall be13.7 kPa or greater, as measured by a vacuum gauge at thevacuum pick-up nozzle port. The height of the vacuum pickupnozzle shall be adjustable, and the nozzle will have two 8 mmopenings except in
34、the case of D1044 when 11 mm openingsare specified. One opening shall be positioned between the twowheels and over the wear path and the other placed diametri-cally opposite, with the distance between the axes of the twoopenings 76.0 mm 6 1.0 mm.G195 1826.1.5 A counter to record the number of abrasi
35、on cycles(revolutions) made by the turntable platform.6.2 Abrasive Wheels,4which are attached to the free end ofthe pivoted arms and are able to rotate freely about horizontalspindles.6.2.1 The wheels shall be cylindrically shaped; 12.7 mm 60.3 mm thick; include an axial hole 16.0 mm 6 0.1 mm toallo
36、w the wheel to be mounted to the flanged holder on thepivoted arm; and have an external diameter of 51.9 mm 6 0.5mm when new, and in no case less than 44.4 mm. The abrasivewheels are either resilient or vitrified based, with both types ofwheels consisting of hard particles embedded in a bindermateri
37、al and manufactured in different grades of abrasivequality. Other types of wheels, which do not include hardparticles embedded in a binder material, may also be used (seeX1.4).6.2.2 The internal faces of the abrasive wheels shall be52.4 mm 6 1.0 mm apart and the hypothetical line through thetwo spin
38、dles shall be 19.05 mm 6 0.3 mm away from thecentral axis of the turntable (see Fig. 2). The wheels shall bespaced equally on both sides from the wheel-mounting flangeto the center of the specimen holder. The distance from theinside of the wheel mounting flange to the center of thespecimen holder sh
39、all be 38.9 mm 6 0.5 mm.6.2.3 When resting on the specimen, the wheels will have aperipheral engagement with the surface of the specimen, thedirection of travel of the periphery of the wheels and of thespecimen at the contacting portions being at acute angles, andthe angles of travel of one wheel pe
40、riphery being opposite tothat of the other. Motion of the abrasive wheels, in oppositedirections, is provided by rotation of the specimen and theassociated friction therefrom.6.2.4 Wheels with an expiration date shall not be used afterthe date stamped on them.6.3 Accessory Weights, can be attached t
41、o the pivoted armsto increase or decrease the force at which the wheel is pressedagainst the specimen, exclusive of the mass of the wheel itself.Commonly used masses are 250 g 6 1 g, 500 g 6 1g,and1000 g 6 1 g. Accessory weight references are per arm (notcombined), and include the mass of the pivote
42、d arm.6.4 Auxiliary Apparatus:6.4.1 Refacing disc, for resurfacing of resilient wheels. Therefacing disc shall be silicon carbide coated abrasive with anaverage particle size of 92 m (150 grit CAMI grade),approximately 102 mm diameter with a 7 mm center hole, suchas type S-11 or equivalent.6.4.2 Ref
43、acing stone (for example, fine side of ST-114), forresurfacing of CS-10F4resilient wheels when testing transpar-ent materials.4The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Taber Industries, 455 Bryant Street, North Tonawanda, NY 14120. If you areaware of alternati
44、ve suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Rotary Platform AbraserG195 1836.4.3 Wheel refacer, with a diamond tool for resurfacingv
45、itrified wheels or correcting out of round wheels.6.4.4 Asoft bristle brush, to remove loose particles from thesurface of the specimen after testing.6.4.5 Specimen mounting cards, approximately 108 mmround or square witha7mmcenter hole and one side coatedwith pressure sensitive adhesive to secure sp
46、ecimens.7. Specimen Preparation7.1 MaterialsIt is the intent of this test guide to allow forthe abrasion testing of any material form, provided it isessentially flat. The field of application is varied and includessolid materials, metals, plastics, coated surfaces (for example,paint, lacquer, electr
47、oplated), textiles (ranging from sheer silksto heavy upholstery), leather, rubber, linoleum, and the rest.7.1.1 Accepted industry practice should be employed forspecimen preparation. Specific recommendations for specimenpreparation may be available from the ASTM subcommitteeresponsible for that mate
48、rial. Selection and use should beagreed upon between the interested parties.7.2 Specimen ThicknessThe standard material thicknessthat can be evaluated with the rotary platform abraser is6.5 mm or less.NOTE 1For materials thicker than 6.5 mm but less than 12.7 mm, anextension nut such as type S-214or
49、 equivalent may be used.Alternatively,an arm height extension kit4will permit testing of specimens up to 40 mm.7.3 Specimen SizeThe width of the resulting wear path is12.7 mm, and is located 31.75 mm from the center of thespecimen. The size of the specimen may vary depending on thematerial being evaluated:7.3.1 For most rigid materials, a sample approximately100 mm square is recommended with a 6.5 mm diametercenter hole.7.3.2 Flexible specimens are typically circular and requirethe use of the clamp ring. If a mounting card is used, thespecimen should be approximat
