1、Schools REFERENCE GUIDE First Edition 2007U.S. Green Building Council ii Copyright 2007 by the U.S. Green Building Council. All rights reserved. The U.S. Green Building Council authorizes you to view the LEED for Schools Refer- ence Guide for your individual use. In exchange for this authorization,
2、you agree to retain all copyright and other proprietary notices contained in the original LEED for Schools Reference Guide. You also agree not to sell or modify the LEED for Schools Reference Guide or to reproduce, display or distribute the LEED for Schools Refer- ence Guide in any way for any publi
3、c or commercial purpose, including display on a Web site or in a networked environment. Unauthorized use of the LEED for Schools Reference Guide violates copyright, trademark, and other laws and is prohibited. Note that the text of the federal and state codes, regulations, voluntary standards, etc.,
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5、Green Building Council and are protected by copyright under both United States and foreign laws. Disclaimer None of the parties involved in the funding or creation of the LEED for Schools Refer- ence Guide, including the U.S. Green Building Council, its members, its contractors, or the United States
6、 government make any warranty (express or implied) or assume any liability or responsibility, to you or any third parties for the accuracy, completeness or use of, or reliance on, any information contained in the LEED for Schools Reference Guide, or for any injuries, losses or damages (including, wi
7、thout limitation, equitable relief) arising out of such use or reliance. As a condition of use, you covenant not to sue, and agree to waive and release the U.S. Green Building Council, its members, its contractors and the United States govern- ment from any and all claims, demands and causes of acti
8、on for any injuries, losses or damages (including, without limitation, equitable relief) that you may now or hereafter have a right to assert against such parties as a result of your use of, or reliance on, the LEED for Schools Reference Guide. U.S. Green Building Council 1800 Massachusetts Avenue,
9、NW, Suite 300 Washington, DC 20036 Trademark LEED is a registered trademark of the U.S. Green Building Council. ISBN # 978-1-932444-09-4LEED for Schools 2007 Reference Guide iii Acknowledgements The LEED for Schools Reference Guide has been made possible only through the efforts of many dedicated vo
10、lunteers, staff members and others in the USGBC community. The Reference Guide drafting was managed and implemented by USGBC staff and con- sultants and included review and suggestions by many TAG members and the LEED for Schools Core Committee. We especially extend our deepest gratitude to all of o
11、ur LEED committee members who participated in the development of this guide, for their tireless volunteer efforts and constant support of USGBCs mission. They are: LEED for Schools Core Committee Robert Kobet, Sustainaissance International (Chair) Jyoti Sharma, Wake County Public Schools (Vice-Chair
12、) Anja Caldwell, Montgomery County Public Schools Gregory Churchill, Oregon State Energy Office Charles Eley, Architectural Energy Corporation Deane Evans, NJIT, Center for Architecture and Building Science Research William Orr, California Integrated Waste Management Board Larry Schoff, Energy Effic
13、ient Solutions Katrina Shum-Miller, Green Building Services Timothy Sisson, York International Brenda Stokes, Bibb County Public Schools Special thanks to Iris Amdur, Holly Jameson Carr, Rachel Gutter and Bonnie Amdur from Greenshape, LLC, for their significant contributions to the LEED for Schools
14、Reference Guide. Sustainable Sites TAG Bryna Dunn (Chair), Moseley Architects Susan Kaplan (Vice-Chair), Battery Park City Authority Michele Adams, Cahill Associates Gina Baker, Burt Hill Ted Bardacke, Global Green USA Stephen Benz, Nitsch Engineering, Inc. Mark Brumbaugh, Brumbaugh & Associates Meg
15、 Calkins, Ball State University Laura Case, Emory University Campus Services Zachary Christeson, the HOK Planning Group Stew Comstock, MD DEP Jay Enck, Commissioning & Green Building Services Ron Hand, E/FECT Sustainable Design Solutions Richard Heinisch, Lithonia Michael Lane, Lighting Design Lab M
16、arita Roos, Andropogon Associates Zolna Russell, Hord Coplan Macht, Inc. Alfred Vick, Ecos Environmental Design, Inc. Eva Wong, EPA Heat Island Reduction InitiativeU.S. Green Building Council iv Water Efficiency TAG David Sheridan (Chair), Aqua Cura John Koeller (Vice-Chair), Koeller and Company Gun
17、nar Baldwin, TOTO USA, INC Neal Billetdeaux, JJR David Carlson, Columbia University Bill Hoffman, City of AustinWater Conservation Geoff Nara, Civil & Environmental Consultants Heather Kinkade-Levario, ARCADIS Shabbir Rawalpindiwala, Kohler Company Stephanie Tanner, US Environmental Protection Agenc
18、y Bill Wall, Clivus New England, Inc. Bill Wilson, Environmental Planning & Design, LLC Energy and Atmosphere TAG Greg Kats (Chair), Capital-E Marcus Sheffer (Vice-Chair), 7group Saad Dimachkieh, HOK Jay Enck, Commissioning & Green Building Services Donald Fournier, Building Research Council Ellen F
19、ranconi, IPMVP and AEC Mark Frankel, New Buildings Institute Jonathan Heller, Ecotope Inc. Tia Heneghan, CTG Energetics Rusty Hodapp, DFW, Energy & T ransportation Management John Hogan, Seattle Department of Planning & Development Bion Howard, Building Environmental Science Bob Maddox, Sterling Pla
20、net Cheryl Massie, Flack + Kurtz Brenda Morawa, BVM Engineering, Inc. Erik Ring, Glumac Mick Schwedler, T rane Gord Shymko, IPMVP and G.F . Shymko & Associates Greg Thomas, Performance Systems Michael Zimmer, Thompson Hine LLPLEED for Schools 2007 Reference Guide v Materials and Resources TAG Nadav
21、Malin (Chair), BuildingGreen, Inc. Mark Webster (Vice-Chair), Simpson Gumpertz & Heger Paul Bertram, PRB Connect Chris Dixon, Mithun Architects+Designers+Planners Ann Edminster, Design AVEnues Lee Gros, independent consultant Nancy Malone, Siegel & Strain Architects Dana Papke, California Air Resour
22、ces Board Kirsten Ritchie, Gensler Wayne T rusty, Athena Institute Denise Van Valkenburg, Steelcase Gabe Wing, Herman Miller, Inc. Indoor Environmental Quality TAG Bob Thompson (Chair), EPA Indoor Environment Management Branch Steve Taylor (Vice-Chair), Taylor Engineering Jude Anders, Johnson Contro
23、ls, Inc. (retired) Terry Brennan, Camroden Associates Brian Cloward, Mithun Architects+Designers+Planners Larry Dykhuis, Herman Miller, Inc Greg Franta, Ensar Group, Inc. Francis (Bud) Offerman, Indoor Environmental Engineering Christopher Schaffner, The Green Engineer Dennis Stanke, T rane Company
24、A special thanks to the experts that helped shape our acoustics credits, Ralph Muehlei- sen, Daniel Hicks, Josie Plaut, Thomas Schindler, Paul McCarty, and Daniel Bruck. A special thanks to the Center for Health, Environment and Justice for their assistance with the Environmental Site Assessment pre
25、requisite. And finally, special thanks to Blanche Sheinkopf for her assistance with the School as a Teaching Tool credit.U.S. Green Building Council viLEED for Schools 2007 Reference Guide vii Foreword From the U.S. Green Building Council 11 Introduction 12 Why Make Your School Green 12 LEED Green B
26、uilding Rating System 14 LEED for Schools Overview and Process 15 LEED for Schools Reference Guide 18 Sustainable Sites 21 SS Prerequisite 1: Construction Activity Pollution Prevention 23 SS Prerequisite 2: Environmental Site Assessment 29 SS Credit 1: Site Selection 35 SS Credit 2: Development Dens
27、ity & Community Connectivity 41 SS Credit 3: Brownfield Redevelopment 49 SS Credit 4.1: Alternative Transportation: Public Transportation Access 51 SS Credit 4.2: Alternative Transportation: Bicycle Use 57 SS Credit 4.3: Alternative Transportation: Low Emitting & Fuel Efficient Vehicles 63 SS Credit
28、 4.4: Alternative Transportation: Parking Capacity 69 SS Credit 5.1: Site Development: Protect or Restore Habitat 73 SS Credit 5.2: Site Development: Maximize Open Space 77 SS Credit 6.1: Stormwater Design: Quantity Control 83 SS Credit 6.2: Stormwater Design: Quality Control 91 SS Credit 7.1: Heat
29、Island Effect: Non-Roof 95 SS Credit 7.2: Heat Island Effect: Roof 101 SS Credit 8: Light Pollution Reduction 107 SS Credit 9: Site Master Plan 117 SS Credit 10: Joint Use of Facilities 121 Water Efficiency 127 WE Credit 1.1: Water Efficient Landscaping: Reduce by 50% 129 WE Credit 1.2: Water Effici
30、ent Landscaping: No Potable Water Use 130 or No Irrigation WE Credit 2: Innovative Wastewater Technologies 141 WE Credit 3.1: Water Use Reduction: 20% Reduction 151 WE Credit 3.2: Water Use Reduction: 30 or 40% Reduction 152 WE Credit 4: Process Water Use Reduction: 20% Reduction 163 Table of Conten
31、tsU.S. Green Building Council viii Energy & Atmosphere 167 EA Prerequisite 1: Fundamental Commissioning of the Building 169 Energy Systems EA Prerequisite 2: Minimum Energy Performance 181 EA Prerequisite 3: Fundamental Refrigerant Management 189 EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance 193 EA Credi
32、t 2: On-Site Renewable Energy 215 EA Credit 3: Enhanced Commissioning 223 EA Credit 4: Enhanced Refrigerant Management 231 EA Credit 5: Measurement & Verification 241 EA Credit 6: Green Power 247 Materials & Resources 253 MR Prerequisite 1: Storage & Collection of Recyclables 257 MR Credit 1.1: Buil
33、ding Reuse: Maintain 75% of Existing Walls, Floors & Roof 261 MR Credit 1.2: Building Reuse: Maintain 95% of Existing Walls, Floors & Roof 262 MR Credit 1.3: Building Reuse: Maintain 50% of Interior 263 Non-Structural Elements MR Credit 2: Construction Waste Management: Divert From Disposal 269 MR C
34、redit 3: Materials Reuse 275 MR Credit 4: Recycled Content (post-consumer + 1/2 pre-consumer) 281 MR Credit 5: Regional Materials: Extracted, Processed & 287 Manufactured Regionally MR Credit 6: Rapidly Renewable Materials 293 MR Credit 7: Certified Wood 297LEED for Schools 2007 Reference Guide ix I
35、ndoor Environmental Quality 303 EQ Prerequisite 1: Minimum IAQ Performance 307 EQ Prerequisite 2: Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control 313 EQ Prerequisite 3: Minimum Acoustical Performance 317 EQ Credit 1: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring 327 EQ Credit 2: Increased Ventilation 333 EQ Credit 3.1:
36、 Construction IAQ Management Plan: During Construction 341 EQ Credit 3.2: Construction IAQ Management Plan: Before Occupancy 347 EQ Credit 4: Low-Emitting Materials 355 EQ Credit 5: Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control 365 EQ Credit 6.1: Lighting System Design and Controllability 371 EQ Credit
37、 6.2: Thermal Comfort Controllability 377 EQ Credit 7.1: Thermal Comfort: Design 381 EQ Credit 7.2: Thermal Comfort: Verification 385 EQ Credit 8.1: Daylight & Views: Daylighting 389 EQ Credit 8.2: Daylight & Views: Views for 90% of Spaces 399 EQ Credit 9: Enhanced Acoustical Performance 405 EQ Cred
38、it 10: Mold Prevention 409 Innovation & Design Process 417 ID Credit 11.4: Innovation in Design 419 ID Credit 2: LEED Accredited Professional 427 ID Credit 3: The School as a Teaching Tool 429 Glossary of Terms 435 LEED for Schools ratings: q Certified 2936 points q Silver 3743 points q Gold 4457 po
39、ints q Platinum 5879 pointsU.S. Green Building Council xLEED for Schools 2007 Reference Guide 11 The built environment has a profound impact on our natural environment, economy, health and productivity. Breakthroughs in building science, technology and operations are now available to designers, buil
40、ders, operators and owners who want to build green and maximize both economic and environmental performance. The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) is coordinating the establishment and evolution of a national consensus effort to provide the industry with tools necessary to design, build and operat
41、e buildings that deliver high performance inside and out. Council members work together to develop industry standards, design and construc- tion practices and guidelines, operating practices and guidelines, policy positions and educational tools that support the adoption of sustainable design and bu
42、ilding practices. Members also forge strategic alliances with key industry and research organizations, federal government agencies and state and local governments to transform the built environment. As the leading organization that represents the entire building industry on environmental building ma
43、tters, the Councils unique perspective and collective power provides our members with enormous opportunity to effect change in the way buildings are designed, built, operated and maintained. USGBC Membership The Councils greatest strength is the diversity of our membership. The USGBC is a balanced,
44、consensus nonprofit representing the entire building industry, consisting of over 9,000 companies and organizations. Since its inception in 1993, the USGBC has played a vital role in providing a leadership forum and a unique, integrating force for the building industry. The Council programs are: q C
45、ommittee-BasedThe heart of this effective coalition is our committee structure in which volunteer members design strategies that are implemented by staff and expert consultants. Our committees provide a forum for members to resolve differences, build alliances and forge cooperative solutions for inf
46、luencing change in all sectors of the building industry. q Member-DrivenThe Councils membership is open and balanced and provides a comprehensive platform for carrying out important programs and activities. We target the issues identified by our members as the highest priority. We conduct an annual
47、review of achievements that allows us to set policy, revise strategies and devise work plans based on member needs. q Consensus-FocusedWe work together to promote green buildings and in doing so, we help foster greater economic vitality and environmental health at lower costs. The various industry s
48、egments bridge ideological gaps to develop balanced policies that benefit the entire industry. Contact the U.S. Green Building Council 1800 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Suite 300 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 828-7422 Office (202) 828-5110 Fax www.usgbc.org Foreword from the USGBCU.S. Green Building Counc
49、il 12 I. Why Make Your School Green? Schools are the gardens in which civiliza- tions are grown. Founded on the ideals of society, they help shape what society will become. The process of designing a school provides the unique opportunity to dem- onstrate what a community values most. The purpose of building a school is to provide a place for children to gain the skills and understanding necessary to flourish in a complex world. But schools do not exist in isolation from the world and learning occurs well beyond the classroom. A school is a network of rela- tionships between the p
