1、 IEEE Guide for Selection and Use of Battery Monitoring Equipment in Stationary Applications Sponsored by the Stationary Batteries Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA 25 June 2012 IEEE Power +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educati
2、onal classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. ivNotice to users Laws and regulations Users of IEEE Standards documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of any IEEE Standards
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9、ieee.org/findstds/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken b
10、y the IEEE with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. If a patent holder or patent applicant has filed a statement of assurance via an Accepted Letter of Assurance, then the statement is listed on the IEEE-SA Website at http:/standards.ieee.org/about/sasb
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12、ing to obtain such licenses. Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. vEssential Patent Claims may exist for which a Letter of Assurance has not been received. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the
13、legal validity or scope of Patents Claims, or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determin
14、ation of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. viParticipants At the time this IEEE guide was completed,
15、the Battery Monitoring Working Group had the following membership: Daniel Lambert, Chair Paul Anthonius Cornelis Hectors, Vice Chair Charles Cotton, Chair Emeritus Zbigniew Noworolski, Vice Chair Emeritus Samuel Aguirre Edward Amato Phyllis Archer Curtis Ashton Gary Balash Richard Bolgeo Allen Byrne
16、 William Cantor Thomas Carpenter Larry Carson Leonard Casella Garth Corey Hollen Crim Peter Demar Brian Hanking Richard Hassick Paul Anthonius Cornelis Hectors Alan Jensen Daniel Lambert Daniel Levin Jose Marrero Tania Martinez Navedo Stephen McCluer Matthew McConnell James McDowall Russell Miller H
17、aissam Nasrat Michael Nispel Bansi Patel John Polenz Shawn Pryer Christopher Searles Richard Tressler Stephen Vechy Allan Williamson The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William J. Ackerman
18、 Michael Adams Samuel Aguirre Edward Amato Curtis Ashton Ali Al Awazi Gary Balash Thomas Barnes William Bloethe Steven Brockschink Chris Brooks Daniel Brosnan William Byrd William Cantor Thomas Carpenter Larry Carson Leonard Casella Garth Corey Luis Coronado Charles Cotton T. Croda Peter Demar Gary
19、Donner Randall Dotson Neal Dowling Donald Dunn Gary Engmann Wells Fargo Charles Finin Kyle Floyd John Gagge, Jr. James Gleason James Graham Ron Greenthaler Randall Groves Ajit Gwal Paul Anthonius Cornelis Hectors Scott Hietpas Gary Hoffman David Ittner Randy Jamison Gael Kennedy Stanley Klein Jim Ku
20、lchisky Saumen Kundu Thomas Ladson Chung-Yiu Lam Jeffrey LaMarca Daniel Lambert Daniel Levin Stephen McCluer James McDowall Peter McNutt Kimberly Mosely Haissam Nasrat Dennis Neitzel Michael S. Newman Nick S. A. Nikjoo Joe Nims Gary Nissen Chris Osterloh Bansi Patel John Polenz Edward Rafter Michael
21、 Roberts Charles Rogers Bartien Sayogo Christopher Searles Robert Seitz Devki Sharma Gil Shultz David Smith Gary Stoedter Richard Tressler Lesley Varga Stephen Vechy John Vergis Jian Yu Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. viiWhen the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on 29 March 2012
22、, it had the following membership: Richard H. Hulett, Chair John Kulick, Vice Chair Robert M. Grow, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Satish Aggarwal Masayuki Ariyoshi Peter Balma William Bartley Ted Burse Clint Chaplin Wael Diab Jean-Philippe Faure Alexander Gelman Paul Houz Jim Hughes Young Kyun
23、 Kim Joseph L. Koepfinger* John Kulick David J. Law Thomas Lee Hung Ling Oleg Logvinov Ted Olsen Gary Robinson Jon Walter Rosdahl Mike Seavey Yatin Trivedi Phil Winston Yu Yuan *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Richard DeBlasio, DOE Represen
24、tative Michael Janezic, NIST Representative Julie Alessi IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Malia Zaman IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. viiiIntroduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1491-2012, IEEE
25、 Guide for Selection and Use of Battery Monitoring Equipment in Stationary Applications. The monitoring of stationary batteries can be an important part of ongoing maintenance, testing, surveillance, and determination of the state of health of the battery system. Monitoring is becoming increasingly
26、significant with the decline of specialist crafts persons, cutbacks in maintenance personnel, the advent of unmanned battery locations, increased understanding of the risks of battery failure, and sites that are difficult to access. This guide is intended to fulfill a need within the industry to pro
27、vide background information, explain battery measurement parameters, and illustrate monitoring techniques. This guide may be used separately, and when combined with other pertinent IEEE standards listed in Clause 2, it can provide a guide for total stationary battery maintenance. Copyright 2012 IEEE
28、. All rights reserved. ixContents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 2. Normative references 2 3. Definitions and acronyms. 2 3.1 Definitions . 2 3.2 Acronyms 3 4. Safety 4 4.1 Safety precautions 4 4.2 Battery monitoring equipment. 5 5. Benefits and limitations of automated battery monitoring
29、 . 5 5.1 Typical battery maintenance 6 5.2 Typical automated battery monitoring. 6 5.3 Measurement parameters, analysis, and battery technology differences . 6 5.4 Parameter analysis . 7 6. Measurement parameters 7 6.1 Float voltage 7 6.2 Equalizing voltage . 7 6.3 Recharge voltage . 8 6.4 Open-circ
30、uit voltage 8 6.5 Discharge voltage 9 6.6 Midpoint or partial string voltage 9 6.7 Cell/battery dc current . 10 6.8 Ripple voltage 10 6.9 Ripple current 11 6.10 Cell/unit temperatures 11 6.11 Ambient temperature . 12 6.12 Cycles 13 6.13 Cell/battery ohmic measurements 13 6.14 Specific gravity 14 6.1
31、5 Electrolyte level. 15 6.16 Connection resistance 15 6.17 Ground fault detection . 16 6.18 Coup de fouet. 16 7. Intermittent charging 17 8. Communication interface . 17 9. Security. 18 9.1 Access control 18 9.2 Data security 18 10. Operating environment. 18 10.1 General 18 10.2 Electrical 18 Copyri
32、ght 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. x10.3 Operating temperature . 18 10.4 Humidity 18 10.5 Enclosure . 18 10.6 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). 19 10.7 Grounding 19 10.8 Corrosive and hostile environments 19 11. Considerations when installing automatic monitoring systems 19 12. Monitoring consid
33、erations for different battery applications . 23 12.1 Commercial data processing UPS 23 12.2 Industrial (process control) UPS 24 12.3 Telecommunications applications 25 12.4 Switchgear applications. 25 12.5 Engine-starting batteries application . 26 Annex A (informative) Ripple voltage and current.
34、27 A.1 Overview 27 A.2 Description 27 A.3 Telecommunications power 27 A.4 Telecommunications electronic switching 28 A.5 Utility power. 28 A.6 Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) 28 A.7 Purpose of monitoring 28 A.8 Indications and interpretations 28 Annex B (normative) Environment . 30 B.1 Ambient
35、temperature 30 B.2 Toxic and explosive gas sensing. 31 B.3 Airflow 32 B.4 Humidity . 32 Annex C (informative) Sensors . 34 C.1 Voltage sensors . 34 C.2 Current sensors 34 C.3 Temperature sensors . 35 C.4 Gas sensors . 35 Annex D (informative) Software. 36 D.1 Operational software. 36 D.2 Support sof
36、tware. 37 Annex E (informative) Bibliography. 38 Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. 1IEEE Guide for Selection and Use of Battery Monitoring Equipment in Stationary Applications IMPORTANT NOTICE: IEEE Standards documents are not intended to ensure safety, health, or environmental protection, o
37、r ensure against interference with or from other devices or networks. Implementers of IEEE Standards documents are responsible for determining and complying with all appropriate safety, security, environmental, health, and interference protection practices and all applicable laws and regulations. Th
38、is IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” The
39、y can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html. 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This guide discusses operational parameters that may be observed by battery monitoring equipment used in stationary applications, and the relative value of such observations.
40、 Although this guide does not give a listing of commercially available systems, it does provide a means for establishing specifications for the desired parameters to be monitored. 1.2 Purpose Todays critical backup power environments have created a need for reliable monitoring of stationary batterie
41、s to determine the current state of health (SOH) of these systems. This guide will define various parameters for battery monitoring that will provide useful information to aid in the ongoing maintenance and potential replacement of these batteries. In addition, other areas affecting battery monitori
42、ng, including intermittent charging, communication interface, security, and operating environments, are also addressed in this guide. IEEE Std 1491-2012 IEEE Guide for Selection and Use of Battery Monitoring Equipment in Stationary Applications Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. 22. Normative
43、 references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they must be understood and used, so each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to this document is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For u
44、ndated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. IEEE Std 450TM, IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Vented Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications.1IEEE Std 484TM, IEEE Recommended Practice
45、for Installation Design and Implementation of Vented Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications. IEEE Std 1106TM, IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation, Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Vented Nickel-Cadmium Batteries for Stationary Applications. IEEE Std 1187TM, IEEE Recommended P
46、ractice for Installation Design and Installation of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Storage Batteries for Stationary Applications. IEEE Std 1188TM, IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications. IEEE Std 1657TM
47、, Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifications for Installation and Maintenance of Stationary Batteries. IEEE Std 1660TM, IEEE Guide for Application and Management of Stationary Batteries Used in Cycling Service. 3. Definitions and acronyms 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of this document, the
48、 following terms and definitions apply. The IEEE Standards Dictionary Online should be consulted for terms not defined in this clause.2battery monitoring system: A permanently installed system for measuring, storing, and reporting battery operating parameters. coup de fouet: Initial voltage drop and
49、 recovery experienced when discharging a lead-acid battery. internal ohmic measurement: A measurement of the electronic and ionic conduction path within a cell or unit, using terms defining conditions commonly known as impedance, conductance, or resistance. midpoint voltage: The voltage between the positive or negative terminal of a battery and its series-connection midpoint. ripple: A type of electrical noise characterized by a uniform waveform riding in the dc circuit, normally expressed as peak, peak-to-peak, or root mean square (RMS) voltage or current. 1IEEE p
