1、Systems and software engineering Measurement processIngnierie des systmes et du logiciel Processus de mesureINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO/IEC/IEEE15939Reference numberISO/IEC/IEEE 15939:2017(E)First edition2017-04 ISO/IEC 2017 IEEE 2017ii ISO/IEC/IEEE 2017 All rights reservedISO/IEC/IEEE 15939:2017(E)CO
2、PYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2017, Published in Switzerland IEEE 2017All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or
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4、-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland NY 10016-5997, USATel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org stds.iprieee.orgwww.iso.org www.ieee.orgISO/IEC/IEEE 15939:2017(E) ISO/IEC 2017 All rights reserved IEEE 2017 All rights reserved iiiThis document was developed under the Partner Standard
5、s Development Organization cooperation agreement between ISO and IEEE, as approved by Council Resolution 49/2007, and is submitted to a parallel approval vote by the ISO/IEC national bodies and IEEE. Positive votes shall not be accompanied by comments. Negative votes shall be accompanied by the rele
6、vant technical reasons. In accordance with the provisions of Council Resolution 21/1986, this document is circulated in the English language only. ISO/IEC/IEEE 15939:2017(E) iv ISO/IEC 2017 All rights reserved IEEE 2017 All rights reservedContents Page 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms an
7、d definitions 1 4 Conformance . 6 4.1 Intended usage . 6 4.2 Tailoring this document 6 4.3 Full conformance to outcomes 6 4.4 Full conformance to tasks . 6 4.5 Tailored conformance 7 5 Application of this document . 7 6 Measurement Process . 10 6.1 Purpose 10 6.2 Outcomes . 10 6.3 Activities and Tas
8、ks . 10 6.3.1 Establish and sustain measurement commitment. 10 6.3.2 Prepare for measurement. . 11 6.3.3 Perform measurement. . 15 6.3.4 Evaluate measurement. 17 Annex A (informative) The measurement information model 19 A.1 General . 19 A.2 Model description . 20 A.2.1 Entity . 20 A.2.2 Attribute 2
9、0 A.2.3 Base measure . 20 A.2.4 Derived measure . 21 A.2.5 Indicator 21 A.2.6 Measurable concept . 22 A.3 Examples 22 A.3.1 A productivity example . 22 A.3.2 A quality example . 23 A.3.3 A project progress example . 24 Annex B (informative) Measurement process information items and records 26 Annex
10、C (informative) Example criteria for selecting measures . 28 Annex D (informative) Example criteria for evaluating an information product 30 D.1 General . 30 D.2 Use of information products . 30 D.3 Confidence in an information product . 30 D.4 Evidence of fitness for purpose of an information produ
11、ct 30 D.5 Understandability of information products . 31 D.6 Satisfaction of the assumptions of an indicator model . 31 D.7 Accuracy of a measurement procedure . 31 D.8 Repeatability of a measurement method 32 D.9 Reproducibility of a measurement method . 32 Annex E (informative) Example criteria fo
12、r evaluating the performance of the measurement process . 33 E.1 General . 33 E.2 Timeliness . 33 E.3 Efficiency . 33 E.4 Defect containment 33 ISO/IEC/IEEE 15939:2017(E) ISO/IEC 2017 All rights reserved IEEE 2017 All rights reserved vE.5 Customer satisfaction 33 E.6 Process compliance 33 Annex F (i
13、nformative) Example elements of measurement planning 34 Annex G (informative) Guidelines for reporting information items . 35 List of Figures Figure 1 Measurement process model 9 Figure A.1 Key relationships in the measurement information model . 19 Figure A.2 Measurement construct for “productivity
14、” 23 Figure A.3 Measurement construct for “quality”. 24 Figure A.4 Measurement construct for “progress” . 25 Figure B.1 Information items and records of measurement activities 27 ISO/IEC/IEEE 15939:2017(E) vi ISO/IEC 2017 All rights reserved IEEE 2017 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the Internation
15、al Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by
16、 the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and nongovernmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of
17、information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEESA) Standards Board. The IEEE develops its standards thro
18、ugh a consensus development process, approved by the American National Standards Institute, which brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve the final product. Volunteers are not necessarily members of the Institute and serve without compensation. While the IE
19、EE administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the consensus development process, the IEEE does not independently evaluate, test, or verify the accuracy of any of the information contained in its standards. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules giv
20、en in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require the use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in co
21、nnection therewith. ISO/IEC and IEEE are not responsible for identifying essential patents or patent claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of patents or patent claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in
22、connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance or a Patent Statement and Licensing Declaration Form, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or nondiscriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of
23、infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from ISO or the IEEE Standards Association. ISO/IEC 15939 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 7, Systems and software engineering, in co
24、operation with the Software by an acquirer (or thirdparty agents) for evaluating conform ance of the suppliers measurement process to this document; by an acquirer (or thirdparty agents) to implement a measure ment process to address specific technical and project management information requirements
25、 related to the acquisition; in a contract between an acquirer and a supplier as a method for defining the process and product measurement information to be exchanged. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC/IEEE 15989:2017(E) Systems and software engineering Measurement process 1 Scope This document establi
26、shes a common process and framework for measurement of systems and software. It defines a process and associated terminology from an engineering viewpoint. The process can be applied to the project and products across the life cycle. The measurement process can be applied throughout the life cycle t
27、o aid the planning, managing, assessing, and decisionmaking in all stages of a system or software life cycle. This document also provides activities that support the definition, control and improvement of the measurement process used within an organization or a project. This document does not assume
28、 or prescribe an organizational model for measurement. The user of this document decides, for example, whether a separate measurement function is necessary within the organization and whether the measurement function should be integrated within individual projects or across projects, based on the cu
29、rrent organizational structure, culture and prevailing constraints. This document does not prescribe a specific set of measures, method, model or technique. The users of this document are responsible for selecting a set of measures for the project and defining the application of those measures acros
30、s the process, products, and other elements of the life cycle. The parties are also responsible for selecting and applying appropriate methods, models, tools and techniques suitable for the project. This document is not intended to prescribe the name, format, explicit content, or recording media of
31、the information items to be produced. This document does not imply that documents be packaged or combined in some fashion. These decisions are left to the user of this document. ISO/IEC/IEEE 15289 addresses the content for life cycle process information items (documentation). The measurement process
32、 is supposed to be appropriately integrated with the organizational quality system. Not all aspects of internal audits and noncompliance reporting are covered explicitly in this document as they are assumed to be in the domain of the quality system. This document is not intended to conflict with any
33、 organizational policies, standards or procedures that are already in place. However, any conflict should be resolved and any overriding conditions and situations need to be cited in writing as exceptions to the application of this document. 2 Normative references There are no normative references i
34、n this document. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. ISO, IEC and IEEE maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online brow
35、sing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp IEEE Standards Dictionary Online: available at http:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/dictionary.jsp NOTE Definitions for other terms typically can be found in ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765, available at . ISO/IEC/IEEE 15939:2017(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2017 All rights reserved I
36、EEE 2017 All rights reserved3.1 acquirer stakeholder that acquires or procures a product or service from a supplier Note 1 to entry: Other terms commonly used for an acquirer are buyer, customer, owner, purchaser or internal/organizational sponsor. SOURCE: ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015 3.2 attribute prope
37、rty or characteristic of an entity that can be distinguished quantitatively or qualitatively by human or automated means 3.3 base measure measure defined in terms of an attribute and the method for quantifying it Note 1 to entry: A base measure is functionally independent of other measures. Note 2 t
38、o entry: Based on the definition of “base quantity” in the International Vocabulary of Metrology Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms, 2012. 3.4 data collection of values assigned to base measures, derived measures or indicators 3.5 data provider individual or organization that is a sourc
39、e of data 3.6 data store organized and persistent collection of data and information that allows for its retrieval 3.7 decision criteria thresholds, targets, or patterns used to determine the need for action or further investigation, or to describe the level of confidence in a given result 3.8 deriv
40、ed measure measure that is defined as a function of two or more values of base measures Note 1 to entry: Adapted from the definition of “derived quantity” in the International Vocabulary of Metrology Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms, 2012. 3.9 entity object that is to be characterized
41、 by measuring its attributes Note 1 to entry: An entity can be a process, product, project or resource. 3.10 indicator measure that provides an estimate or evaluation of specified attributes derived from a model with respect to defined information needs 3.11 indicator value numerical or categorical
42、result assigned to an indicator ISO/IEC/IEEE 15939:2017(E) ISO/IEC 2017 All rights reserved IEEE 2017 All rights reserved 33.12 information need insight necessary to manage objectives, goals, risks and problems 3.13 information product one or more indicators and their associated interpretations that
43、 address an information need EXAMPLE A comparison of a measured defect rate to planned defect rate along with an assessment of whether or not the difference indicates a problem. 3.14 measurable concept abstract relationship between attributes of entities and information needs 3.15 measure, noun vari
44、able to which a value is assigned as the result of measurement Note 1 to entry: The plural form “measures” is used to refer collectively to base measures, derived measures and indicators. 3.16 measure, verb make a measurement SOURCE: ISO/IEC 25000:2014 3.17 measurement set of operations having the o
45、bject of determining a value of a measure Note 1 to entry: Adapted from the International Vocabulary of Metrology Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms, 2012. 3.18 measurement analyst individual or organization that is responsible for the planning, performance, evaluation and improvement o
46、f measurement 3.19 measurement experience base data store that contains the evaluation of the information products and the measurement process as well as any lessons learned during the measurement process 3.20 measurement function algorithm or calculation performed to combine two or more base measur
47、es 3.21 measurement method logical sequence of operations, described generically, used in quantifying an attribute with respect to a specified scale Note 1 to entry: The type of measurement method depends on the nature of the operations used to quantify an attribute. Two types can be distinguished:
48、subjective: quantification involving human judgment; and objective: quantification based on numerical rules. ISO/IEC/IEEE 15939:2017(E) 4 ISO/IEC 2017 All rights reserved IEEE 2017 All rights reservedNote 2 to entry : Based on the definition of “method of measurement” in the International Vocabulary
49、 of Metrology Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms, 2012. 3.22 measurement procedure set of operations, described specifically, used in the performance of a particular measurement according to a given method SOURCE: International Vocabulary of Metrology Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms, 2012, Modified, editorially revised. 3.23 measurement process process for establishing, planning, performing and evaluating measurement within an overall pr
