1、g3g3g3IEEE Recommended Practice for Validation of Computational Electromagnetics Computer Modeling and Simulations g3Sponsored by the Standards Development Committee g3IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA 25 February 2011 IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Society IEEE Std 1597.2-2010IEEE
2、Std 1597.2-2010 IEEE Recommended Practice for Validation of Computational Electromagnetics Computer Modeling and Simulations Sponsor Standards Development Committee of the IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Society Approved 30 September 2010 IEEE-SA Standards Board Approved 5 May 2011 American Natio
3、nal Standards Institute Abstract: This recommended practice is a companion document for IEEE Std 1597.1-2008. Examples and problem sets to be used in the validation of computational electromagnetics (CEM) computer modeling and simulation techniques, codes, and models are provided. It is applicable t
4、o a wide variety of electromagnetic (EM) applications including but not limited to the fields of antennas, signal integrity (SI), radar cross section (RCS), and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). This document shows how to validate a particular solution data set by comparing it to the data set obt
5、ained by measurements, alternate codes, canonical, or analytic methods. Keywords: IEEE 1597.2 g120The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2011 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.
6、 Published 25 February 2011. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. iv Copyright
7、 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1597.2-2010, IEEE Recommended Practice for Validation of Computational Electromagnetics Computer Modeling and Simulations. The development of standards and recommended practices for computational electromagnetics
8、 (CEM) computer modeling and simulation and code validation has been a topic of much interest within the electromagnetics (EM) community primarily since the mid 1980s. This has been due to advancements in computer hardware and software technologies as well as the arrival of new CEM codes and applica
9、tions as we know them today. The areas of concern include, but are not limited to, analyzing printed circuit board (PCB) radiated and conducted emissions/immunity, system-level electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), radar cross section (RCS) of complex structures, and the simulation of various EM envi
10、ronment effects (E3) problems. In particular, there are concerns regarding the lack of well-defined methodologies to achieve code-to-code or even simulation-to-measurement validations within a consistent level of accuracy. IEEE Std 1597.2-2010 is a companion document to the IEEE Std 1597.1-2008.aThe
11、 scope of IEEE Std 1597.1 is to develop a standard for the validation of CEM computer modeling and simulation techniques and codes in differing EMC applications. The standard provides a basis for analytical and empirical validation of CEM codes and configurations focusing on several key areas. The s
12、cope of this recommended practice is to develop a recommended practice for use in CEM computer modeling and simulation applications to guide the EMC design of PCBs to large, complex systems. Areas to be addressed include the following: g127 General guidelines for creating CEM models g127 Development
13、 of modeling methodologies for small-to-large scale canonical, standard validation, and benchmark problems g127 Reducing uncertainty and errors in modeling applications g127 Developing fundamental modeling techniques that are consistent with collaborative, multi-disciplinary engineering applications
14、 The recommended practice will aid modelers and analysts in the selection and application of appropriate modeling and simulations methodologies, physics, and solution techniques to achieve accurate results and to complement measurements and EMC design tasks for a range of progressively complex probl
15、ems. Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or re
16、ferring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. aInformation on references can be found in Clause 2. v Copyright 2011 IEE
17、E. All rights reserved. Copyrights This document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering p
18、ractices and methods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document. Updating of IEEE documents Users of IEEE standards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any tim
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21、 For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA web site at http:/standards.ieee.org. Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/er
22、rata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this recommen
23、ded practice may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this recommended practice, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for w
24、hich a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discrimin
25、atory. Users of this recommended practice are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. vi Copyright 2011 IEEE.
26、 All rights reserved. Participants At the time this recommended practice was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the P1597.2 Working Group had the following membership: Andrew L. Drozd, Chair Bruce Archambeault, Vice Chair Charles Bunting, Secretary Vignesh Rajamani, Assistant Sec
27、retary Bronwyn Brench, Technical Editor Colin Brench Heinz-Dietrich Brns Darren Carpenter Samuel Connor Alistair Duffy James Durbano Jun Fan Heyno Garbe Tim Harrington Doug Howard Antonio Orlandi Al Ruehli Christian Schuster Hermann Singer The following members of the individual balloting committee
28、voted on this recommended practice. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Bruce Archambeault David Baron H. Stephen Berger Ian Brooker William Bush Suresh Channarasappa Keith Chow Samuel Connor Brian Cramer Andrew L. Drozd Alistair Duffy Randall Groves Edward Hare Timoth
29、y Harrington Werner Hoelzl Daniel Hoolihan Randy Jost Kenneth Joyner Efthymios Karabetsos Yuri Khersonsky William Lumpkins Edward McCall Michael S. Newman Ulrich Pohl Markus Riederer Robert Robinson Bartien Sayogo Gil Shultz James Smith Thomas Starai Walter Struppler Marcy Stutzman Barry Wallen Kimb
30、all Williams Jian Yu vii Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this recommended practice on 30 September 2010, it had the following membership: Robert M. Grow, Chair Richard H. Hulett, Vice Chair Steve M. Mills, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Karen
31、Bartleson Victor Berman Ted Burse Clint Chaplin Andrew L. Drozd Alexander Gelman Jim Hughes Young Kyun Kim Joseph L. Koepfinger* John Kulick David J. Law Hung Ling Oleg Logvinov Ted Olsen Ronald C. Petersen Thomas Prevost Jon Walter Rosdahl Sam Sciacca Mike Seavey Curtis Siller Don Wright *Member Em
32、eritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Michael Janezic, NIST Representative Don Messina IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Bill Ash Strategic Program Manager, Sta
33、ndards viii Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 1.3 Background 2 2. Normative references 3 3. Acronyms and abbreviations 3 4. CEM modeling and simulation validation process. 4 4.1 General 4 4.2 Levels of model validation 5 5. Problem sets . 6
34、5.1 Problem categories and validation problems . 6 5.2 Canonical validation problems 7 5.3 Benchmark validation problems 27 5.4 Standard validation problems 37 5.5 Publication of reference problems and results on the Web 45 6. Self-references for model validation 50 6.1 General 50 6.2 Computational-
35、based self-referenced models 50 6.3 Geometry-based self-referenced models 51 7. Numerical calculation of the validation rating using the feature selective validation technique 53 7.1 Implementing the feature selective validation technique 53 7.2 Procedure. 53 7.3 Grade and Spread. 66 Annex A (inform
36、ative) Bibliography . 70 Annex B (informative) Basic descriptions of common CEM techniques. 78 Annex C (informative) Guidelines on the selection of CEM techniques and codes. 85 Annex D (normative) Validation problems: special cases 92 Annex E (informative) Identifying sources of error in CEM modelin
37、g and simulation . 103 Annex F (informative) Guidelines for reporting solver performance. 106 Annex G (informative) Combinatorial modeling rules. 110 Annex H (informative) Data used for FSV comparison . 111 Annex I (informative) Glossary 113 1 Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Recommend
38、ed Practice for Validation of Computational Electromagnetics Computer Modeling and Simulations IMPORTANT NOTICE: This standard is not intended to ensure safety, security, health, or environmental protection. Implementers of the standard are responsible for determining appropriate safety, security, e
39、nvironmental, and health practices or regulatory requirements. This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “
40、Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html. 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This recommended practice is a companion document for IEEE Std 1597.1-2008.1It provides examples and problem
41、sets to be used in the validation of computational electromagnetics (CEM) computer modeling and simulation techniques, codes, and models. It is applicable to a wide variety of electromagnetic (EM) applications including but not limited to the fields of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), analysis o
42、f radar cross section (RCS), signal integrity (SI), and the analysis of antennas. This document shows how to validate a particular solution data set by comparing it to the data set obtained by measurements, alternate codes, canonical, or analytic methods. 1.2 Purpose This recommended practice serves
43、 as an aid to CEM modelers and analysts in the selection and application of appropriate computer modeling and simulation methodologies, physics, and solution techniques to achieve accurate results. It also serves to complement measurements and EM design tasks for a range of 1Information on reference
44、s can be found in Clause 2. IEEE Std 1597.2-2010 IEEE Recommended Practice for Validation of Computational Electromagnetics Computer Modeling and Simulations 2 Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. progressively complex problems through the use of modeling problem examples for small-to-large sca
45、le canonical, benchmark, and standard validation problems. Finally, this recommended practice provides a detailed description of a validation process, i.e., the Feature Selective Validation (FSV) method, which compares a particular solution data set to a reference data set. 1.3 Background In general
46、, CEM techniques and codes, and the manner in which they are used to analyze a given problem, can produce quite different results. These results are affected by the way in which the underlying physic formalisms have been implemented within the codes including the mathematical basis functions, numeri
47、cal solution methods, numerical precision, and the use of building blocks (primitives) to generate computational models. Despite all CEM codes having their basis in Maxwells equations of one form or another, their accuracy and convergence rate depends on how the physics equations are cast (e.g., int
48、egral or differential form, frequency or time domain), what numerical solver approach is used (full or partial wave, banded or partitioned matrix, non-matrix), inherent modeling limitations, approximations, and so forth. The physics formalism, available modeling primitives (canonical surface or volu
49、metric objects, wires, patches, facets), analysis frequency, and time or mesh discretization further combine to affect accuracy, solution convergence, and overall validity of the computer model. The critical areas that must be addressed include model accuracy, convergence, and techniques or code validity for a given set of canonical, benchmark, and standard validation models. For instance, uncertainties may arise when the predicted results using one type of CEM technique do not agree favorably or consistently with the results of other techniques or codes of comp
