1、IEEE Std 1615-2007IEEE Recommended Practice forNetwork Communication in ElectricPower SubstationsI E E E3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA8 August 2007IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by theSubstations CommitteeIEEE Std 1615-2007 IEEE Recommended Practice for Network Communication in
2、Electric Power Substations Sponsor Substations Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved 8 March 2007 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: Recommended practices for communication and interoperation of devices connected on an electric power substation Internet protocol (IP) network are pr
3、ovided. For the power engineer new to IP networking, this document provides an introduction to the concepts that need to be mastered as well as specific recommendations to follow when deploying the technologies. For equipment manufacturers and system integrators, it provides direction and requiremen
4、ts to facilitate interoperable electric utility information networks. Keywords: address allocation, communication media, DNP3, electric utility, Ethernet, fiber-optic, IEC 60870-5, IEC 61850, Intelligent Electronic Device (IED), Internet protocol (IP), managed switch, network, network cable, network
5、 devices, noise sources, non-operational data, operational data, security awareness, substation, transmission control protocol (TCP), time synchronization, wireless network _ The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2007 by the
6、 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 8 August 2007. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use
7、 can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. iii Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1615-2007, IEEE Recommended Practice for Network Communication in Electric Power Substations. In the spring of 2002, a task force was for
8、med (TF1) from the membership of working group C3 in the Substations Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society. The overall responsibility of C3 is to facilitate the development of standards for electric network control systems. The same group had just successfully finished IEEE Std 1379-2000
9、Recommended Practice for Data Communications Between Remote Terminal Units and Intelligent Electronic Devices in a Substation, which covered serial communications within the electric utility substation. A need was identified to provide the same type of guidance for the emerging practice of network c
10、ommunications. However, unlike IEEE Std 1379 which focuses on the two recommended protocols, the decision was made that a much more general approach was needed for the broad topic of network communication. The audience for this recommended practice Many electric power utility engineers do not have a
11、 background in network communications. They are well-versed on the practice of serial communication channels, which are ubiquitous throughout this sector. These channels take the form of many point-to-point or point-to-multipoint links from central communication centers and within substations. The p
12、rotocols typically used on these channels are not routable and are optimized for the particular equipment or data type. Engineers can see the benefits of using the Internet protocol suite on various physical technologies such as Ethernet, but the technical knowledge of how to apply such a communicat
13、ions infrastructure to the problem of data gathering seems foreign in many respects. The primary audience of this recommended practice is those looking for guidance and direction in this area. The other groups that can benefit from this recommended practice are equipment manufacturers, system integr
14、ators, and utility consultants. One of the primary concerns for this group, as it relates to the implementation and deployment of equipment, is to provide communication network and devices for utilities that interoperate without the need for special additions, customizations, or configuration option
15、s. This document is designed to recommend practices to meet this goal. Brief foreword to the clauses Clause 1 contains the scope and purpose of this document. Clause 2 contains the normative references. Clause 3 contains a list of acronyms and abbreviations specific to this document. Clause 4 answer
16、s two questions for the reader in broad terms: a) What is the justification for moving from a traditional serial-communications architecture to a network-based one? and b) What is a general strategy for performing the upgrade? It also outlines two technologies to consider during the upgrade, namely
17、serial-to-network conversion equipment and the transition from analog to digital channels. Clause 5 introduces the Internet protocol suite and the services relevant to this recommended practice. It also provides a description of IP addressing and recommendations for address allocation in the substat
18、ion. Clause 6 defines the types of data available for use in an electric utility substation information system. The priority of the data and a general sense for how the data is used by different departments is listed. The second part of this clause presents a list of security related issues that a u
19、tility engineer must be aware of along with recommendations to address these issues. iv Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Clause 7 addresses three important system-level issues: performance of the network as it relates to speed/latency, time synchronization, and immunity of the network equip
20、ment to noise and other environmental factors. Clause 8 illustrates how devices are managed over the network and lists some basic tools that a utility network engineer should employ for troubleshooting and maintenance. Clause 9 characterizes the forms of communication media and network devices that
21、are used in a utility substation network. It provides recommendations regarding media selection for typical communication paths. Clause 10 specifies the requirements for a predictable, real-time Ethernet suitable for the most demanding substation network applications (e.g., protective relaying). Ann
22、ex A provides an outline of the threats to the information system, where the targets of the attacks are located, how these attacks are carried out, and techniques and technologies to address these threats. Once cognizant of this outline, the utility engineer is in a stronger position to approach the
23、 specifics of his or her information system using existing security standards and technology. Annex B, Annex C, and Annex D present the primary, standardized methods for transferring information in electric utility substations. DNP3 over IP and IEC 60870-5-104 are serial protocols that have been ext
24、ended to include network facilities. IEC 61850 comprises object models, mapping of the models to a communication protocol, and a configuration language. Each method has a section describing how the features address the recommendations of this document, IEEE Std 1615. Notice to users Errata Errata, i
25、f any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/ standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standard
26、s.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this recommended practice may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this recommended practice, no position is taken with respect to the existence or v
27、alidity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to i
28、ts attention. v Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this draft recommended practice was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the C3TF1 Working Group had the following membership: Michael Thesing, Chair John Tengdin, Vice-chair William J. Ackerman Wayn
29、e Block Christoph Brunner Jim Cai Mason Clark Jim Coats Ken Cooley Pierre Cote Steve Dalyai Michael J. Dood Gary R. Engmann Jim Evans Etienne Fortin Russ Fanning Ron Farquharson Bill Harlow Dennis Holstein Chris R. Huntley Marc Lacroix Greg L. Luri John D. McDonald Bruce A. Muschlitz Dan Nordell Cra
30、ig M. Preuss Wally Prystajecky Peter J. Raschio Jim Recchia Sam Sciacca Veselin S. Skendzic Lee Smith Luc Tetreault Tim Tibbals Garnet Tremere Peter Wong Deryk Yuill The following individuals served as authors of one or more clauses during the development of this recommended practice. Christoph Brun
31、ner Jim Coats Michael J. Dood Chris R. Huntley Bruce A. Muschlitz Veselin S. Skendzic John T. Tengdin Michael P. Thesing Garnet Tremere The following individuals are not part of the C3TF1 Working Group; however, they provided invaluable input during the development of this recommended practice. Joe
32、White Caroline Rossier-Lang Bill Godwin The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this recommended practice. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William J. Ackerman Steven C. Alexanderson Ali Al Awazi Philip G. Beaumont Gabriel Benmouyal Robe
33、rt W. Beresh Stuart H. Bouchey Steven R. Brockschink Gustavo A. Brunello Christoph Brunner Terrence M. Burns William A. Byrd Thomas Carpenter James S. Case Manish Chaturvedi Danila Chernetsov Keith Chow Frances M. Cleveland Stephen P. Conrad Tommy P. Cooper R. W. Corlew James R. Cornelison Ratan Das
34、 J. P. Disciullo Kevin E. Donahoe Carlo Donati Michael J. Dood Randall L. Dotson Neal B. Dowling, Jr. Paul R. Drum Donald G. Dunn Gary R. Engmann Kenneth J. Fodero James M. Gardner Michael J. Garland Devon L. Gayle Jeffrey G. Gilbert Keith I. Gray Randall C. Groves Phillip B. Havens John F. Hawkins
35、Roger A. Hedding Gary A. Heuston Gary R. Hoffman Chris R. Huntley Raj Jain Lars E. Juhlin Innocent Kamwa Gael Kennedy Javeed A. Khan Joseph L. Koepfinger Jim Kulchisky Saumen K. Kundu Marc Lacroix Chung-Yiu Lam Lawrence D. Long Daniel M. Lubar Greg L. Luri Bruce D. Mackie Keith N. Malmedal D. J. Mar
36、ihart John D. McDonald Dean H. Miller Georges F. Montillet Charles A. Morse Jerry R. Murphy Bruce A. Muschlitz Michael S. Newman Chris L. Osterloh Lorraine K. Padden Donald M. Parker William G. Petersen Percy E. Pool Craig M. Preuss Iulian E. Profir vi Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Peter
37、 J. Raschio R. E. Ray Michael A. Roberts Charles W. Rogers Miriam P. Sanders Bartien Sayogo Thomas Schossig Tony L. Seegers Devki N. Sharma Mark S. Simon Veselin S. Skendzic Cameron L. Smallwood John H. Spare Charles R. Sufana Richard P. Taylor William T. Taylor John T. Tengdin Michael P. Thesing Mi
38、chael J. Thompson Demetrios A. Tziouvaras William P. Waudby James W. Wilson, Jr. Larry S. Young Oren Yuen When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this Standard on 8 March 2007, it had the following membership: Steve M. Mills, Chair Robert M. Grow, Vice Chair Don F. Wright, Past Chair Judith Gorman
39、 Secretary Richard DeBlasio Alexander D. Gelman William R. Goldbach Arnold M. Greenspan Joanna N. Guenin Julian Forster* Kenneth S. Hanus William B. Hopf Richard H. Hulett Hermann Koch Joseph L. Koepfinger* John D. Kulick David J. Law Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Tom A. Prevost Narayanan Ramach
40、andran Greg Ratta Robby Robson Anne-Marie Sahazizian Virginia C. Sulzberger Malcolm V. Thaden Richard L. Townsend Howard L. Wolfman *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Alan H. Cookson, NIST Representative
41、 Lorraine Patsco IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Matthew J. Ceglia IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development vii Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 2. Normative references 1 3. Acronyms and abbreviatio
42、ns 2 4. Electric utility information system architecture 3 4.1 Traditional serial-communication architecture 4 4.2 Networked communication architecture 6 4.3 Moving to a network-based system . 8 5. Internet protocol suite (IPS) and services. 12 5.1 IP layers. 13 5.2 IP Addressing 15 5.3 Recommendati
43、ons for utility networks 19 6. Data classification and security for IPS networks 19 6.1 Types and uses of data. 19 6.2 Security issues and recommendations . 21 7. System level requirements in substation networks. 24 7.1 Performance requirements of a substation network. 24 7.2 Time synchronization 25
44、 7.3 Substation noise sources 25 8. Network management tools and practices for an electric utility information system. 26 8.1 Vendor-specific network devices. 27 8.2 Network management in the electric utility information system . 28 8.3 Tools 30 9. Media and device alternatives for the substation ne
45、twork 34 9.1 Media. 34 9.2 Network devices 42 10. Substation LAN requirements 44 10.1 Port speed and fiber-optic interface. 45 10.2 Full duplex operation and collision-free environment. 45 10.3 Priority queuing . 45 10.4 Virtual LAN support 46 10.5 Loss-of-link management 46 viii Copyright 2007 IEEE
46、 All rights reserved. 10.6 Rapid-spanning tree algorithm support 46 10.7 Flow control. 47 10.8 Multicast propagation control 47 10.9 Remote monitoring, port mirroring, and diagnostic support 47 10.10 Environmental hardening. 47 10.11 MAC filtering and port lockout . 48 10.12 Summary recommendations
47、 to support real-time protection over Ethernet. 48 Annex A (informative) Security issues and awareness 49 A.1 Source of threats to the electric power system 49 A.2 Targets of attack in the electric utility network 50 A.3 Common cyber-attack techniques. 52 A.4 Techniques to address threats to the ele
48、ctric utility network 55 Annex B (informative) DNP3IP networking 61 B.1 DNP3 protocol overview 61 B.2 History of DNP3 . 61 B.3 Protocol features . 62 B.4 Features of the DNP3 protocol pertinent to this recommended practice, IEEE Std 1615-2007 65 B.5 DNP3 definition documents 66 Annex C (informative)
49、 IEC 60870-5-104. 67 C.1 Background/history. 67 C.2 Functionality in a network environment . 68 C.3 Features of IEC 60870-5-104 pertinent to this recommended practice, IEEE Std 1615-2007 69 C.4 IEC 60870-5-104 definition documents 70 Annex D (informative) IEC 61850. 71 D.1 Overview and history of IEC 61850 . 71 D.2 The information model according to IEC 61850 73 D.3 Information exchange . 73 D.4 Configuration management. 75 D.5 Features of IEC 61850 pertinent to this recommended practice, IEEE Std 1615-2007 76 Annex E (informative) Bibliography 77 ix
