1、 IEEE Guide for the Interoperability of Energy Storage Systems Integrated with the Electric Power Infrastructure Sponsored by the IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 on Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation, and Energy Storage IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA IEEE Standa
2、rds Coordinating Committee 21IEEE Std 2030.2-2015IEEE Std 2030.2-2015 IEEE Guide for the Interoperability of Energy Storage Systems Integrated with the Electric Power Infrastructure Sponsor IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 on Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation, and Energy Storag
3、e Approved 26 March 2015 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: This guide applies the smart grid interoperability reference model (SGIRM) process (IEEE Std 2030null-2011) to energy storage by highlighting the information relevant to energy storage system (ESS) interoperability with the energy power syst
4、em (EPS). The process can be applied to ESS applications located on customer premises, at the distribution level, and on the transmission level (i.e., bulk storage). This guide provides useful industry-derived definitions for ESS characteristics, applications, and terminology that, in turn, simplify
5、 the task of defining system information and communications technology (ICT) requirements. As a result. these requirements can be communicated more clearly and consistently in project specifications. This guide also presents a methodology that can be used for most common ESS projects to describe the
6、 power system, communications, and information technology (IT) perspectives based on the IEEE 2030null definitions. From this framework, a seemingly complex system can be more clearly understood by all project stakeholders. Emerging cybersecurity requirements can also be incorporated into the framew
7、ork as appropriate. Additionally, this guide provides the templates that can be used to develop requirements for an ESS project and goes through several real-world ESS project examples step by step. Keywords: battery, communications technology, electric power system, energy storage system, IEEE 2030
8、2null, information technology, interoperability, power system, Smart Grid The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright null 2015 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 30 June
9、 2015. Printed in the United States of America. ES-Select is a trademark of KEMA, Inc. GridWise is a registered trademark owned by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. GSM is a registered trademark, owned by the GSM Association. HomePlug is a registered trademark of the HomePlug Powerline Alli
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39、 Interoperability of Energy Storage Systems Working Group had the following membership: Mark Siira, Chair Thomas Basso, Vice Chair Charles Vartanian, Secretary Sara Biyabani, Information works by moving energy through time (SAND2013-5131 B91). ESSs are highly versatile and can meet the needs of vari
40、ous users including renewable energy generators, grid equipment, and end users. IEEE Std 2030.2-2015 IEEE Guide for the Interoperability of Energy Storage Systems Integrated with the Electric Power Infrastructure 7 Copyright null2015 IEEE. All rights reserved. 4.2 Energy storage technologies The fol
41、lowing are the most common energy storage technologies that provide benefits and added value to power grid services: Battery energy storage, which includes lithium ion, lead acid, nickel cadmium, and sodium sulphur technologies. Flow battery energy storage technologies include vanadium redox, polysu
42、lphide bromide, and zinc bromine. Battery energy storage can also include electric vehicle storage capabilities. Supercapacitor energy storage. Pumped hydroelectric energy storage, which includes underground pumped hydroelectric energy storage. Compressed air energy storage (CAES). Adiabatic compres
43、sed air. Flywheel energy storage. Thermal energy storage, which could include airconditioning thermal energy storage and thermal ESSs. Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES). Hydrogen energy storage system. Expanded discussion of the most commonly used technologies follows: a) Battery. Batte
44、ry energy storage systems (BESSs) typically have an operational life in years and a cycle life based on the number of charge/discharge cycles that have taken place. This value is typically in the thousands or ten of thousand cycles. The charging capability typically degrades over time for almost all
45、 battery technologies. Most battery systems use materials that must be disposed of properly. Therefore, the end of life disposition is an important consideration for battery technologies. The reliability of most battery systems is dependent not only on the reliability of the battery but the system o
46、f ancillary devices. Likewise the roundtrip efficiency reflects not only that of the battery but also the parasitic loads of the battery system. Most battery systems can be used in either intermittent or continuous mode with practical limitations only being the size of the charge/discharge energy an
47、d the energy storage rating of the batteries. Response time of most battery systems is very quick. Battery systems are usually connected to the electric power system (EPS) by an inverter. Battery systems can be located anywhere on the distribution system or transmission system. The state of charge (
48、SOC) and depth of discharge (DOD) are critical elements in the optimal operation of battery systems. These elements are essential for determining the amount of energy that can still be delivered and the degradation of the ESS. The operational requirements for battery ESSs depend on the size of the s
49、ystem. For large systems quick information exchange is required since the battery ESS is meant to correct issues on the distribution or transmission system. Speed of information exchange, except for protection, is not necessary for smaller systems since they are not typically critical for ongoing EPS operations. b) Supercapacitor. Supercapacitors typically have extremely fast response time and are usually used for intermittent service. They are usually more focused on loads needing fast and intermittent response and are usually connected to the EPS as an adjunct to
