1、IEEE Standard for the Preparation of Test Procedures for the Thermal Evaluation of Solid Electrical Insulating MaterialsIEEE Std 98-2016(Revision of IEEE Std 98-2002)IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 4Sponsored by the IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 4 on Insulation SystemsIEEE3 Park Avenue
2、New York, NY 10016-5997USAIEEE Std 98-2016(Revision of IEEE Std 98-2002)IEEE Standard for the Preparation of Test Procedures for the Thermal Evaluation of Solid Electrical Insulating MaterialsSponsor IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 4 on Insulation Systems Approved 29 January 2016IEEE-SA Standa
3、rds BoardAbstract: The test procedures covered by this standard apply to the thermal endurance of solid insulating materials, including processed compositions of raw materials, before they are fabricated into insulating structures identified with specific parts of electrical equipment.Keywords: dest
4、ructive test, end-point criteria, IEEE 98, nondestructive test, proof test, relative temperature index, solid insulating materials, temperature index, thermal aging, thermal enduranceThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2016
5、by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 13 May 2016. Printed in the United States of America.IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent fitness for a particular purpose; non-infringement; and quality, accuracy, effectiveness, currency, or
6、completeness of material. In addition, IEEE disclaims any and all conditions relating to: results; and workmanlike effort. IEEE standards documents are supplied “AS IS” and “WITH ALL FAULTS.”Use of an IEEE standard is wholly voluntary. The existence of an IEEE standard does not imply that there are
7、no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to change brought about through developments in the state of the art
8、 and comments received from users of the standard.In publishing and making its standards available, IEEE is not suggesting or rendering professional or other services for, or on behalf of, any person or entity nor is IEEE undertaking to perform any duty owed by any other person or entity to another.
9、 Any person utilizing any IEEE Standards document, should rely upon his or her own independent judgment in the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances or, as appropri-ate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the appropriateness of a given IEEE standard.IN NO EVE
10、NT SHALL IEEE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO: PROCURE-MENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
11、CON-TRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE PUBLICATION, USE OF, OR RELIANCE UPON ANY STANDARD, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE AND REGARDLESS OF WHETHER SUCH DAMAGE WAS FORESEEABLE.TranslationsThe IEEE consensus developmen
12、t process involves the review of documents in English only. In the event that an IEEE standard is translated, only the English version published by IEEE should be considered the approved IEEE standard.Official statementsA statement, written or oral, that is not processed in accordance with the IEEE-
13、SA Standards Board Operations Manual shall not be considered or inferred to be the official position of IEEE or any of its committees and shall not be considered to be, or be relied upon as, a formal position of IEEE. At lectures, symposia, seminars, or educational courses, an individual presenting
14、information on IEEE standards shall make it clear that his or her views should be considered the personal views of that individual rather than the formal position of IEEE.Comments on standardsComments for revision of IEEE Standards documents are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membe
15、rship affiliation with IEEE. However, IEEE does not provide consulting information or advice pertain-ing to IEEE Standards documents. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together with appropriate supporting comments. Since IEEE standards represent
16、 a consensus of concerned interests, it is important that any responses to comments and questions also receive the concur-rence of a balance of interests. For this reason, IEEE and the members of its societies and Standards Coordi-nating Committees are not able to provide an instant response to comm
17、ents or questions except in those cases where the matter has previously been addressed. For the same reason, IEEE does not respond to interpretation requests. Any person who would like to participate in revisions to an IEEE standard is welcome to join the relevant IEEE working group.Comments on stan
18、dards should be submitted to the following address:Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board445 Hoes LanePiscataway, NJ 08854 USALaws and regulationsUsers of IEEE Standards documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of any IEEE Standards document does not i
19、mply compliance to any applicable regulatory require-ments. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and
20、 these documents may not be construed as doing so.CopyrightsIEEE draft and approved standards are copyrighted by IEEE under U.S. and international copyright laws. They are made available by IEEE and are adopted for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference,
21、 in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making these documents available for use and adop-tion by public authorities and private users, IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to the documents.Photo
22、copiesSubject to payment of the appropriate fee, IEEE will grant users a limited, non-exclusive license to photocopy portions of any individual standard for company or organizational internal use or individual, non-commercial use only. To arrange for payment of licensing fees, please contact Copyrig
23、ht Clearance Center, Customer Ser-vice, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center.Updating of IEEE Standards documentsUsers of IEEE
24、Standards documents should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corri-genda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the
25、 document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect.Every IEEE standard is subjected to review at least every ten years. When a document is more than ten years old and has not undergone a revision process, it is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still of som
26、e value, do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE standard.In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of amendments, corr
27、igenda, or errata, visit the IEEE-SA Website at http:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp or contact IEEE at the address listed previously. For more information about the IEEE-SA or IEEEs standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA Website at http:/standards.ieee.org.ErrataErrata, if any, for
28、 all IEEE standards can be accessed on the IEEE-SA Website at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/findstds/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically.PatentsAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of s
29、ubject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken by the IEEE with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. If a patent holder or patent applicant has filed a statement of assurance via an Accepted Letter of Assura
30、nce, then the statement is listed on the IEEE-SA Website at http:/standards.ieee.org/about/sasb/patcom/patents.html. Letters of Assurance may indicate whether the Submitter is willing or unwilling to grant licenses under patent rights without compensation or under reasonable rates, with reasonable t
31、erms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfair discrim-ination to applicants desiring to obtain such licenses.Essential Patent Claims may exist for which a Letter of Assurance has not been received. The IEEE is not re-sponsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a licens
32、e may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims, or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users
33、 of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the valid-ity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association.6Copyright 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.Parti
34、cipantsAt the time this IEEE standard was completed, the IEEE 98 Revision Working Group had the following membership:Paulette Payne Powell, ChairGeorge FechtmannNathan MageeLewis Powell Roger WicksEdward Van VoorenThe following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Ba
35、lloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention.Wallace BinderAndrew BrownWilliam ByrdKeith ChowJerry CorkranRandall GrovesAjit GwalHamidreza HeidarisafaWerner HoelzlDavid HorvathLaszlo KadarRobert KonnikJim KulchiskyMichael LauxmanWilliam McDermidMichael NewmanPaulette Payne PowellD
36、onald PlattsIulian ProfirRobert ResualiJesse RorabaughBartien SayogoNikunj ShahEdward Van VoorenJohn VergisKenneth WhiteRoger WicksWhen the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 10 February 2016, it had the following membership:Jean-Philippe Faure, ChairVacant Position, Vice ChairJohn D.
37、 Kulick, Past ChairKonstantinos Karachalios, SecretaryChuck AdamsMasayuki AriyoshiTed BurseStephen DukesJianbin FanJ. Travis GriffithGary HoffmanRon HotchkissMichael JanezicJoseph L. Koepfinger*Hung LingKevin LuAnnette D. ReillyGary RobinsonMehmet UlemaYingli WenHoward WolfmanDon WrightYu YuanDaidi
38、Zhong*Member Emeritus7Copyright 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.IntroductionThis introduction is not part of IEEE Std 98-2016, IEEE Standard for the Preparation of Test Procedures for the Thermal Evaluation of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials.IEEE Std 98-1986 reflected many of the concepts incor
39、porated in IEC 60216-1974 while maintaining many of the practical considerations from the initial IEEE Std 98-1972.IEEE Std 98-2002 incorporated additional changes in the IEC 60216 Standards and introduced the Fixed Time Frame Method (FTFM) of sampling for the thermal evaluation of materials.IEEE St
40、d 98-2016 provides details on the purpose of temperature indices and relative temperature indices rating, on thermal aging, causes of variations in ovens, and how to overcome influence of oven characteristics. More details for proof test and examples of nondestructive tests and proof tests are provi
41、ded. Table B.1 has been revised for consistency with IEC 60216-2 B1 and UL 746-B B6. Annexes summarizing accepted sampling techniques and an Annex on accelerated aging have been added.11The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex D.8Copyright 2016 IEEE. All rights reserv
42、ed.Contents1. Overview . 91.1 Scope 91.2 Purpose . 91.3 General . 102. Normative references 103. Definitions . 114. General considerations 124.1 Results of thermal endurance tests 124.2 End-point criteria 124.3 Test procedures and conditions . 134.4 Variability 145. Use of thermal evaluation data 15
43、6. Experimental procedure guidelines . 156.1 Selections of test methods 156.2 Selection of end points 166.3 Preparation of test specimens . 176.4 Number of test specimens . 176.5 Establishment of initial property value . 186.6 Temperature exposures and times . 186.7 Aging ovens 196.8 Procedure for a
44、ging 197. Evaluation . 207.1 Numerical analysis of thermal aging data . 207.2 Times/temperatures to end-point criterion 217.3 Extrapolation of the data . 217.4 Determination of temperature index (TI) 228. Test report 23Annex A (normative) Fixed time frame method sampling . 24Annex B (normative) Fixe
45、d temperature method of sampling . 26Annex C (informative) Accelerated aging of an electrical insulating material 28Annex D (informative) Bibliography 309Copyright 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.IMPORTANT NOTICE: IEEE Standards documents are not intended to ensure safety, security, health, or enviro
46、nmental protection, or ensure against interference with or from other devices or networks. Imple-menters of IEEE Standards documents are responsible for determining and complying with all appropriate safety, security, environmental, health, and interference protection practices and all applicable la
47、ws and regulations.This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning
48、 IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html.1. Overview1.1 ScopeThe test procedures covered by this standard apply to the thermal endurance of solid insulating materials, including processed compositions of raw materials
49、, before they are fabricated into insulating structures identi-fied with specific parts of electrical equipment.Tests for specific types of insulating materials, such as wire enamel, varnish, sheet, tape, etc. are not within the scope of this standard.1.2 PurposeThis standard provides principles for the development of test procedures to evaluate the thermal endurance of solid electrical insulating materials (EIMs) thermally aged in air. The test procedures use accelerated thermal endurance test(s), conducted in accordance with prescribed procedures herein. The thermal
