1、ANSI C63.9 -2008American National Standardfor RF Immunity of Audio OfficeEquipment to General Use TransmittingDevices with Transmitter Power Levelsup to 8 WattsIEEE3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA9 January 2009Accredited by the American National Standards InstituteSponsored by theAccredite
2、d Standards Committee on Electromagnetic Compatibility, C63.9ANSI C63.9-2008 American National Standard for RF Immunity of Audio Office Equipment to General Use Transmitting Devices with Transmitter Power Levels up to 8 Watts Accredited Standards Committee on Electromagnetic Compatibility, C63accred
3、ited by the American National Standards Institute Secretariat Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Inc. Approved 5 September 2008 American National Standards Institute Abstract: This standard provides recommended test methods and limits for assuring the radio frequency (RF) immunity of
4、office equipment to general use transmitters with transmitter power up to 8 watts. Keywords: audio interference, EMI, immunity, interference, office equipment, RF, RFI susceptibility _ The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2
5、009 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 9 January 2009. Printed in the United States of America. Bluetooth is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent (978) 750-8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educationa
6、l classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. iv Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction In recent years, the offering of different types of electronic products for use in offices has rapidly increased. The use of electronic products in close proximity t
7、o other electronic devices requires that they have a sufficient level of radio frequency (RF) immunity to ensure that they can function as intended in the target environment. While fluorescent lights, microwave ovens, portable wireless devices, nearby commercial radio and TV stations and other RF so
8、urces have been part of the EMI environment for a number of years, interference problems with many types of equipment have been exacerbated by the recent dramatic growth in personal RF devices such as cellular telephones, wireless network connections, and cordless telephones. It is common today to h
9、ave two or more wireless connections actively used in the same 6 by 8 office cubicle. Similarly, a conference room may have multiple wireless devices operating simultaneously during a meeting with an active conference call and audio visual equipment being used. Further, traditional mobile phones, la
10、ptop computers, PDAs, and other types of products are merging to become multifunctional, often including a wireless transmitter with other functionality. The term “Transmitting Portable Electronic Devices” has been used in several standards to encompass this larger class of RF transmitting devices.
11、Standards for assuring a degree of immunity exist in some global regions, but these have proven insufficient for this new, aggressive RF environment. This standard addresses the need to evaluate the RF immunity of devices for use in the kinds of environments they are likely to experience. A second d
12、istinction of this standard is that it addresses the exceedingly high-quality expectations in todays office environment. RF interference is unacceptable unless the effect is so small as to be virtually impreceptible. Accordingly, this standard has been written to provide protection sufficient to sat
13、isfy these stringent expectations. It should also be noted that office equipment like internet protocol (IP) Phones, IEEE Std 802.11anetwork connections, PDAs, etc. are used in other than typical office environments like manufacturing plants, warehouses, ships, and even mines. In these environments
14、the problem is compounded because not only can the field strength from an RF emitter become more concentrated, but resultant malfunctions can pose more serious operational problems. For office equipment manufacturers this poses new problems as far as the adequate evaluation of product immunity is co
15、ncerned. The current standard used to evaluate immunity of office equipment, CISPR 24 (which is the basis for EN 55024), is often inadequate to realistically simulate an interference scenario as described above. For example, radiated immunity tests are performed with a spacing of 3 m (or 1 m) betwee
16、n the device and the radiating antenna. In an office environment, the separation between devices is very often just centimeters. Furthermore, the current radiated immunity testing, based on the method described in IEC 61000-4-3, uses amplitude modulated CW signals, and only in specific cases is puls
17、e modulation applied. Modern wireless communication devices use digital modulation which are impulsive signals. These broadband signals pose a different interference potential since the exposure mechanism is very different from the one in a test where a simple CW or amplitude-modulated signal is use
18、d. This matter is further compounded by the dependency of the equipment under test (EUT) behavior on the data rate and protocols employed by interfering devices operating in the near area, such as GSM, CDMA, TDMA, Wi-Fi, and amplitude modulation (AM) devices, as well as by the power of the interfere
19、r. aInformation on reference can be found in Clause 2. This introduction is not a part of ANSI C63.9-2008, American National Standard for RF Immunity of Audio Office Equipment to General Use Transmitting Devices with Transmitter Power Levels up to 8 Watts. v Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved.
20、 ANSI/TIA-631-A focuses specifically on the RF immunity requirements for telephone equipment. While this and other existing standards have continuing value they do not address the specific issues or provide the level of protection being addressed in this standard. By some methods of comparison AM is
21、 more severe than pulse modulation and it can be argued therefore that testing with AM overstresses a product. However, multiple companies have reported to the committee developing this standard that they have found not all failure conditions are revealed when testing with AM modulation. These repor
22、ts that motivated the committee to utilize more complex modulations for this standard. This standard was developed in response to the recognized need for a more suitable immunity standard for electronic office equipment for some environments and users. This standard serves manufacturers, purchasers,
23、 and users of office equipment by providing tests and performance targets that will give a reasonable assurance that the RF immunity of office equipment is suitable to withstand the typical RF environments created by portable transmitters. It must be emphasized that no standard can guarantee the int
24、erference-free operation of a device. A compromise must be made between design cost (and thus the cost of a product), testing effort, and acceptable performance. This standard represents the consensus compromise opinion of the committee on the proper balance of these competing factors. This document
25、 provides evaluation methods of product immunity to electromagnetic radiation in the range below 10 GHz, and via paths that are not intended to be RF channels. Problems with interference among IR remote controls and plasma displays, for example, or blinding of one RF device by another incompatible b
26、ut nearby RF device, are outside the scope of this document. It is to be noted also that for a test to be acceptable, it need not duplicate an operational environment. Testing that exposes the same flaws, but in different ways, can be acceptable. For practical reasons, it may be desirable, as an exa
27、mple, to use Gigahertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) (rarely found in a normal office environment). The test methodology provided in this standard is believed to have been sufficiently validated and can be expected to stress the EUT in a manner that will uncover product vulnerability and reveal
28、the RF immunity of the product. Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are resp
29、onsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights This document is copyrighted by the
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34、t the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA website at http:/standards.ieee.org. Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are
35、encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject
36、 matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inqu
37、iries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised
38、 that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. vii Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this standard w
39、as published, the Accredited Standards Committee on Electromagnetic Compatibility, C63, had the following membership: Donald N. Heirman, Chair Daniel Hoolihan, Vice Chair Mike Kipness, Secretary Organization Represented Name of Representative AlcatelLucent Technologies . Dheena Moongilan Alliance fo
40、r Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) Mel Frerking James Turner (Alt.) American Council of Independent Laboratories (ACIL) Michael F. Violette William Stumpf (Alt.) American Radio Relay League (ARRL) Edward F. Hare . Dennis Bodson (Alt.) AT therefore it is hard for them to perform the same
41、test in a repeatable fashion. Recorded waveforms also have possible limitations. If the recorded waveform does not encapsulate changes in EUT behavior, like output power adjustments, or other changes like those discussed in the previous paragraph, then the test will be incomplete and not truly reali
42、stic. Further, the fidelity of the recording and playback must be sufficient to recreate the salient features of the transmission. If the recording or recreation lacks adequate fidelity, then the test may be deficient. An abstracted modulation of a Global System for Mobile (GSM) signal might be a si
43、mple pulse modulation of 217 Hz and 1/8 duty cycle. Abstracted modulations at times are more easily created. However, their effectiveness is dependent upon having a correct understanding of the critical parameters of the actual transmitted signal. If the critical parameters are not captured, then th
44、e test results may not 13When recording transmissions a capture bandwidth shall be used that is greater than the 6 dB bandwidth of the transmission. The sampling rate shall meet the Nyquist criteria for the fastest variation in the transmission. ANSI C63.9-2008 American National Standard for RF Immu
45、nity of Audio Office Equipment to General Use Transmitting Devices with Transmitter Power Levels up to 8 Watts 7 Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. predict well the actual field performance of a product. It is not permissible to use this method for the purposes of this test standard. Generali
46、zed modulations, such as 1 kHz of 80% amplitude modulation (AM), are the traditional method for RF immunity testing. These have been used with the belief that they adequately stressed a product and identified the immunity to a wide variety of RF transmissions. However, some manufacturers have report
47、ed that these modulations do not excite all the failure modes of their products. Therefore, this standard calls for the use of real-world waveforms.14Annex A provides a test profile that includes the use of the GSM signal as a test for the cellular bands. In the U.S., the dominant transmission proto
48、cols used in the cellular and personal communications services (PCS) bands are GSM and code division multiple access (CDMA). The GSM signal demodulates more energy into the audio band and therefore is far more likely to cause interference than the CDMA signal. Therefore, it was chosen as the test wa
49、veform for those bands. A specifying authority may construct its own profile to this standard by defining the frequency bands, modulations, and field strength to be used during the testing. It may want to obtain recordings of the waveforms to be used and provide those to assure that all laboratories will perform the test using exactly the same test signal. 5.2 Field strength See Table A.1 for field strengths by frequency band. 5.3 Frequency test increments The frequency range shall be tested with frequency steps no larger than 10% of the lower fr
