1、 Access to Additional Content for ISO 12640-1 1 stEdition, Dated: 1997 (Click here to view the publication) This Page is not part of the original publication This page has been added by IHS as a convenience to the user in order to provide access to additional content as authorized by the Copyright h
2、older of this document Click the link(s) below to access the content and use normal procedures for downloading or opening the files. ISO 12640-1: 1997 Electronic Inserts ISO 12640-1:1997 XML Documents Information contained in the above is the property of the Copyright holder and all Notice of Discla
3、imer 37.100.99 Ref. No. ISO 12640:1997/Cor.1:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved Published in Switzerland INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12640:1997 TECHNICAL CORRIGENDUM 1 Published 2004-09-15 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATIONGraphic technology
4、Prepress digital data exchange CMYK standard colour image data (CMYK/SCID) TECHNICAL CORRIGENDUM 1 Technologie graphique change de donnes numriques de primpression Donnes dimages en couleur CMYK normales (CMYK/SCID) RECTIFICATIF TECHNIQUE 1 Technical Corrigendum 1 to ISO 12640:1997 was prepared by T
5、echnical Committee ISO/TC 130. Title “Part 1“ has been added, resulting in the new title: Graphic technology Prepress digital data exchange Part 1: CMYK standard colour image data (CMYK/SCID) ISO12640:1997(E) Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction . . .
6、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Normative references Definitions . Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data description and definition Electronic data Annexes A Standard colour image digital data . . . . . B
7、 Check-sum data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 2 4 . 17 . 21 C Typical TIFF/IT file headers used on CD-ROM .
8、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 0 IS0 1997 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
9、 international Organization for Standardization Case postale 56 l Cl-l-121 1 Geneve 20 l Switzerland Internet central iso.ch x.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=centraY Printed in Switzerland ii IS0 IS0 12640:1997(E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwid
10、e federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that
11、 committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by
12、the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 12640 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology. Annexes A and
13、B form for information only. an integral part of this International Standard. Annex C is IS0 12640: 1997(E) IS0 Introduction The initial technical content of this International Standard was coordinated by the Image Processing Technology Standard Committee in Japan as input to, and in coordination wi
14、th, ISO/TC liO/WG2. Need for standard digital test The following figure shows a block diagram of the typical functions that may be - - involved in the preparation of images for graphic arts reproduction. Not all current systems have coding or communication functions, and the read/write operations ar
15、e frequently executed by devices installed at the same site. However, when considering the need for and development of these test images, the expert group considered systems that do include all the functions of image processing, data storage, encoding and transmission of data. 9 Image Scanner Image
16、Processor Encoder ecu A B C D E Communication Network A B C D , - Proof Image Image . ecu * Writer Processor Decoder . High-quality image reproduction and transmission system The typical systems evaluation path would normally involve scanning a test image at - e point-A and monitoring the characteri
17、stics or change in characteristics of that image at each stage of the system. However, the differences between scanners make it nearly impossible to repeatably create the same data file from a reference image on film. Such differences would make it impossible to compare other performance characteris
18、tics between systems or between sites. To resolve this, a set of suitable test images was created that can be provided in digital form, to be used at every site regardless of the type of equipment used. Performance of any stage of the process (except of course input scanning) can thus be evaluated b
19、y comparing the image data before and after processing or by s - evaluating the effect of different processes on the final output. IS0 1264 1, C;raphic technology - Yrepress digital data exchange - Colour targetsfbr input scanner calibration, provides targets for the evaluation and/or characterizati
20、on of the scanning process itself. iv 0 IS0 IS0 12640: 1997(E) The following are examples of tvpical uses of these images. - The objective comparison of colour output systems such as printing, colour proofing, and colour facsimile. These comparisons may include evaluation of e image processing times
21、 and system efficiencies as well as image quality, colour fidelity, etc. - The evaluation of the effect or efficiency of coding schemes, data compression, * and/or data transmission. - The characterization of printed output from both traditional processes and direct digital output devices. It is bel
22、ieved that these images will find application in many industries, in addition to graphic arts, where quality would be influenced bv data transmission, image processing, storage, and recording. - Characteristics of test images The performance of any colour reproduction system will be evaluated both .
23、 w subjectively (by viewing the final output image) and objectively by measurement of control elements. This dictated that the test images include both natural scenes (pictures) and control targets. Because the results of subjective image evaluation are strongly affected by the - image content it wa
24、s important to insure that the natural images were of high quality and contained diverse subject matter. Development of digital test images A survey was conducted of all TC 130 member countries to identify desirable image co ntent and to solicit submission of suitable images for considerati .on. The
25、 image set that resulted consists of 8 natural and 10 synthetic images. The natural images include flesh tones, images with detail in the extreme highlights or shadows, neutral colours, colours in the brown and wood tone area which are difficult to reproduce. memory colours, complicated geometric sh
26、apes, fine detail, * and highlight and shadow vignettes. The synthetic images selected include resolution charts, uniform vignettes in both the primary and secondary colours, and a physical representation of the CMYK data - e - set defined in IS0 12642 for the characterization of 4-colour process pr
27、inting. The eight colour pictures were converted to CMYK digital data using a graphic arts colour scanner with scanning parameters optimized for each image to allow common reproduction aims. The five resolution charts and five colour charts were generated electronically. w In order to meet the needs
28、 of the widest graphic arts community, two resolution/data encoding combinations were selected for all images. Both are pixel interleaved data with the data origin at the upper left of the image, as viewed naturally, and organized by rows. The first set has a data spacing of 16 pixels per millimetre
29、 and a data encoding of 28 to 228 representing 0% to 100% printing values. The second set has a data spacing of 12 pixels per millimetre (approximately 300 pixels per inch) encoded with digital data of 0 to 255 representing 0 to 100% printing values. These data are available on a CD-ROM formatted in
30、 accordance with IS0 9660. The file format is TIFF/IT as defined in IS0 12639. This file format is also compatible with TIFF Revision 6, Section 16, and can be imported and manipulated as necessary by a wide variety of commonly used imaging software packages on platforms in general use in the indust
31、ry. - IS0 12640: 1997(E) 0 IS0 It should be noted that the grey balance of these images is self-consistent, but may not be optimum for any particular printing condition. The user is urged to use these images as is as a tool to understand the reproduction characteristics of various processes. There i
32、s no correct reproduction. vi INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 IS0 12640:1997(E) Graphic technology - Prepress digital data exchange - CMYK standard colour image data (CMYIUSCID) 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the CMYK digital data that represents a set of standard colour images to be used
33、for evaluation of changes in image quality during coding, image processing (including transformation, compression and decompression), film recording or print- ing which can be used for research, development, product evaluation, and process control. 2 Normative references The following standards cont
34、ain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this lnternational Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investiga
35、te the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the - - standards indicated below. Members of IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IS0 9660: 1988, b$tirmation processing - Volume andBle structure of CD-ROMfor infLmzation interchange. ISOIIEC 10149: 1995, Info
36、rmation technology - Data interchange on read-only 120 mm optical data disks (CD-ROM). IS0 12639: 1), Graphic technology - Prepress digital data exchange - Tag imageJile format for image technology (TIFF/IT). IS0 12642: 1996, Graphic technology - Prepress digital data exchange - Input data for chara
37、cterization of 4- colour process printing. IS0 14672: l), Graphic technoZoguy - Preprem digital data exchange - Statistics of SCID images. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 check sum: Sum of the digits in a file that can be used to ch
38、eck if a file has been transferred properly. NOTE 1 Often, only the least significant bits are summed. 3.2 colour sequence: Order in which colours are printed on a substrate or stored in a data file. 3.3 colour value: Numeric values associated with each of the pixels. 3.4 data range: Range of numeri
39、c digital values over which the data is specified. 3.5 dot percentage: Percentage of an area covered by - halftone dots, ranging from 0% to 100%. NOTE 2 The lightest areas of an image are represented by the smallest coverage, at or near 056, while the darkest image areas consist of dots near maximum
40、 coverage of 100%. 3.6 global colour change: Change in the relationship of colours in an image applied consistently to all parts of the image as contrasted to a local colour change where selected spatial areas of an image are changed separately from the rest of the image area. 3.7 input colour scann
41、er: Device capable of converting the light reflectance or transmittance of a photographic (or other hardcopy) sample into an electronic signal - where the electronic signal is arranged to have an organized relationship to the spatial areas of the image evaluated. 3.8 orientation: Specifies the origi
42、n and direction of the first line of data, with respect to the image content as 1) To be published 1 IS0 12640: II 997(E) %SO viewed by the end user. The codes used to specify orientation are contained in IS0 1263 9. The synthetic images consist of resolution charts and colour - charts. They are ide
43、ntified as S 1 to S 10 for the primary set and S 1A to SlOA for the alternate set. 3.9 pixel: Smallest element in a digital imaging system. 5.2.1 Natural images 3.10 pixel interleaving: Colour data organized such that the cyan, magenta, yellow and black colour values for one pixel are followed by th
44、e same sequence of colour values for the next pixel. yhe specific order of colours is determined by the ColorSequence tag as defined in IS0 12639. - NOTE plane. 3 Other forms of colour data interleaving are line and 4 Requirements This International Standard consists of the data recorded on the CD-R
45、OM bearing the title “IS0 12640, Graphic technology - Prepress digital data exchange - CMYK standard colour image data (CMYIUSCID) - Annex A - Standard colour image digital data” which is part of this International Standard. The image characteristics of these data are described in clause 5 and the e
46、lectronic data structure in clause 6. 5 Data description and definition 5.1 Data resolution The data set is provided at two different combinations of digital data encoding range and resolution. The primary set - has a data range of 28 to 228 corresponding to dot percentages of 0% to 100% and has a d
47、ata spacing of 16 pixels/mm (406 pixels/in) at the intended image size (128 mm by 160 mm). The alternate set has a data range of 0 to 255 corresponding to dot percentages of 0% to 100% and has a data spacing of 12 pixels/mm (305 pixels/in) for the same image size. The alternate set was generated fro
48、m the primary set by - - means of an analytical transform rule. Both sets contain the same pictures except that each image in the alternate set has “IS0 300” in small size text added to the top of the image in order to distinguish it from the primary set that has “IS0 400”. The characteristics and p
49、ica1 usage of the natural images s are contained in table 1. The descriptive names of these images are given following the identification code. Figure 1 shows reduced monochrome reproductions of the natural images. Additional information concerning the statistical characteristics of these images is contained in IS0 14672. The natural images have the following characteristics: Picture size Primary set: 2 560 pixels(long side) by 2 048 - pixels(short side) Alternate set: 1 920 p
