1、 ISO 2016 Fertilizers and liming materials Sampling and sample preparation Part 2: Sample preparation Engrais et amendements minraux basiques chantillonnage et prparation de lchantillon Partie 2: Prparation des chantillons INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14820-2 First edition 2016-05-01 Reference number
2、ISO 14820-2:2016(E) ISO 14820-2:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mecha
3、nical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, S
4、witzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO 14820-2:2016(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Principle 2 5 Apparatus . 2 6 Procedure. 3 6.1 General . 3 6.2 Preparation of test samples in their ori
5、ginal condition . 3 6.3 Further preparation of test samples which are to remain in their original condition 3 6.3.1 General 3 6.3.2 Preparation of test portions for physical testing . 3 6.3.3 Preparation of test portions for moisture analysis 3 6.3.4 Preparation of test portions for other chemical a
6、nalyses 4 6.4 Further preparation of test samples for chemical analysis 4 6.4.1 General 4 6.4.2 Use of sample grinder . . 4 6.4.3 Use of mortar and pestle . 4 6.5 Products which are difficult to grind mechanically. 4 6.6 Organic matter 5 6.7 Fertilizers comprising several different materials . 5 6.8
7、 Fluid fertilizers 5 6.9 Foreign matter . 5 6.10 Storage . 5 6.11 Taking test portions 5 6.11.1 Solid fertilizers 5 6.11.2 Fluid fertilizers 5 7 Labelling 5 8 Sample preparation report 6 Bibliography 7 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO 14820-2:2016(E) Foreword ISO (the International
8、 Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been est
9、ablished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardiz
10、ation. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance w
11、ith the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of an
12、y patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsemen
13、t. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information ISO 14820-2:2016 was pre
14、pared by CEN/TC 260, Fertilizers and liming materials (as EN 1482-2:2007) and was adopted without modification other than those stipulated below by ISO/TC 134, Fertilizers and soil conditioners. The EN references (EN 1482-1 and EN 1482-2) have been changed to ISO references (ISO 14820-1 and ISO 1482
15、0-2). The definition in 3.2 have been modified slightly to align it with that in ISO 8157:2015. ISO 8157 has been added to the Bibliography. Clause 5 has been renumbered. In 5.4 (formerly 5.5) and 6.4.2, notes have been changed to full text. ISO 14820 consists of the following parts, under the gener
16、al title Fertilizers and liming materials Sampling and sample preparation: Part 1: Sampling Part 2: Sample preparationiv ISO 2016 All rights reserved ISO 14820-2:2016(E) Introduction This part of ISO 14820 covers the following aspects of sample preparation, derived from the International Standards a
17、nd documents indicated but presented in a simplified and condensed form. The titles of these International Standards are given in the Bibliography. Reduction and preparation of samples for analysis: ISO 7410, ISO 7742, ISO 8358 and EEC 77 /535 (superseded by Regulation (EC) No 2003/2003); Sampling r
18、eports: ISO 5306 and EEC 77 /535 (superseded by Regulation (EC) No 2003/2003). ISO 14820-1 covers the sampling of fertilizers and liming materials. Figure 1 gives a schematic diagram of the sampling and sample preparation process for solids. ISO 2016 All rights reserved v ISO 14820-2:2016(E) Figure
19、1 Schematic diagram of sampling process for solidsvi ISO 2016 All rights reserved INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 14820-2:2016(E) Fertilizers and liming materials Sampling and sample preparation Part 2: Sample preparation 1 Scope This part of ISO 14820 specifies methods for the reduction and preparation
20、 of samples of fertilizers and liming materials and sets out the requirements for sample preparation reports. It also specifies methods for the preparation of test samples and test portions from laboratory samples of fertilizer for subsequent chemical or physical analysis. It does not cover the prep
21、aration of samples for certain physical tests which require test portions of more than 2 kg. It is applicable to all fertilizers. NOTE The term “fertilizer” is used throughout the body of this part of ISO 14820 and is taken to include liming materials unless otherwise indicated. 2 Normative referenc
22、es The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO
23、3310-1, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth ISO 14820-1:2016, Fertilizers and liming materials Sampling and sample preparation Part 1: Sampling 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
24、3.1 division process of producing a number of representative smaller portions, approximately equal in mass to each other, from a larger mass 3.2 f i n a l s a m p l e representative part of the reduced sample or, where no intermediate reduction is required, of the aggregate sample Note 1 to entry: O
25、ften, more than one sample is prepared, at the same time, from the reduced sample (or from the aggregate sample). One or more of these final samples will be used as a laboratory sample or as laboratory samples, while others may be stored for reference purposes. SOURCE: ISO 8157:2015, 2.6.6 3.3 labor
26、atory sample final sample intended for laboratory inspection or testing ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1 ISO 14820-2:2016(E) 3.4 reduction process of producing a representative smaller mass of fertilizer from a larger mass, with the remainder being discarded 3.5 test portion quantity of material taken
27、 from the test sample (or if both are the same, from the laboratory sample) and on which the test or observation is actually carried out 3.6 test sample sample prepared from the laboratory sample and from which test portions will be taken 4 Principle Reduction and division of the laboratory sample,
28、as necessary, to produce test samples. Preparation of test portions from the test samples by division, with or without previous grinding, or by combination, as appropriate. 5 Apparatus Apparatus used in the preparation and storage of samples shall be clean and dry and made from materials which will
29、not affect the characteristics of the fertilizer. 5.1 Rotary sample divider, conforming to the requirements specified in ISO 14820-1:2016, 5.6.3, or riffle di vider, conforming to the requirements specified in ISO 14820-1:2016, 5.7.2. 5.2 Sample grinder, capable of taking the whole sample at one pas
30、s and, preferably, totally enclosed. It shall have a screen, or other mechanism without a screen, which allows the ground material to pass through the machine into a collecting vessel and away from the cutters or grinding discs, to avoid over- grinding. In the case of a grinder with screens, the fin
31、eness of grind can be adjusted by the fitting of different mesh screens. Grinding shall continue until as much as possible of the fertilizer has passed through the machine. NOTE If the grinder is of the open type, the moisture content of the fertilizer can change significantly during grinding. Any m
32、achine used for grinding samples as required by this part of ISO 14820 shall be checked for satisfactory performance. Particular points to be checked are: a) the fineness of grinding achieved; b) the temperature rise of the material being ground (see 6.3); c) non-contamination of the sample. 5.3 Mor
33、tar and pestle, of suitable material and size. 5.4 Test sieves, conforming to ISO 3310-1, of nominal aperture sizes 1,0 mm, 0,5 mm and 0,18 mm. In cases where national regulations or the nature of the material require sieves of different aperture sizes, these may be used but the fact should be noted
34、 in the sample preparation report. 5.5 Sample containers, made of plastics material and/or glass, or any other material of adequate resistance and fitted with air-tight closures.2 ISO 2016 All rights reserved ISO 14820-2:2016(E) 6 Procedure 6.1 General All operations connected with this procedure sh
35、all be carried out as quickly as possible to minimize the absorption or loss of water. 6.2 Preparation of test samples in their original condition Thoroughly mix the whole of the laboratory sample and follow one of the procedures described in ISO 14820-1:2016, Clause 6 to reduce (if necessary) and d
36、ivide the total mass to obtain the appropriate number of representative test samples, each of about 0,5 kg in mass. Reject, by random selection, any test samples in excess of those required and place the remaining N test samples in some of the air-tight containers (5.5). NOTE The maximum number of t
37、est samples which can be produced by this method depends on the mass of the original laboratory sample. The minimum number of 0,5 kg test samples which is required depends on the nature of the analyses to be carried out and the number of replicates required. In some instances, when only chemical ana
38、lyses are to be carried out and only a small laboratory sample is available, the whole of this sample is used as the test sample. 6.3 Further preparation of test samples which are to remain in their original condition 6.3.1 General Test samples in this category include all those for physical testing
39、, those for certain chemical analyses and those which, by their nature, should not be ground. 6.3.2 Preparation of test portions for physical testing If the mass of the test portion required is greater than 0,5 kg, select at random two or more of the N test samples (6.2). Mix these together and, if
40、the mass required is not an exact multiple of 0,5 kg, reduce it to the required size by following one of the procedures described in ISO 14820-1:2016, Clause 6. If the mass of test portion required is less than 0,5 kg, select at random one of the N test samples (6.2) and continue the reduction and d
41、ivision following one of the procedures described in ISO 14820-1:2016, Clause 6 until test portions of the required mass for the test are obtained. During the division process, replicate test portions are obtained and these are suitable for replicate tests without further treatment. Discard any unwa
42、nted material. The representivity of the sample might be lost during this further subdivision. 6.3.3 Preparation of test portions for moisture analysis Do not grind test portions for moisture analysis if grinding is likely to alter the moisture content of the fertilizer. NOTE Some types of grinding
43、mill can alter the moisture content during processing. For example: single- pass hammer mills with interchangeable screens do not alter the moisture content; static sample mills of the coffee grinder type tend to reduce the sample moisture content unless the processing time is kept to an absolute mi
44、nimum. Cyclone type mills shall not be used as the rapid airflow in the cyclone causes a reduction in moisture content. If necessary, the size of the larger particles can be reduced by crushing. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3 ISO 14820-2:2016(E) Select, at random, one of the N test samples (6.2) and
45、 carry out reduction and division, following one of the procedures described in ISO 14820-1:2016, Clause 6 until test portions of the required size are obtained. 6.3.4 Preparation of test portions for other chemical analyses Some chemical analyses have to be performed on test portions taken from sam
46、ples which have not been ground. Reference should be made to this in the relevant analytical method. Some fertilizers, for example ammonium nitrate, might decompose during grinding and it is essential that these are not ground before starting analysis. Select, at random, one of the N test samples (6
47、.2) and carry out reduction and division following one of the procedures described in ISO 14820-1:2016, Clause 6 until test portions of the required size are obtained. 6.4 Further preparation of test samples for chemical analysis 6.4.1 General NOTE See 6.3.3 and 6.3.4 for those special cases where t
48、he test sample should remain in its original condition. Take care during the following grinding operations that the temperature of the fertilizer does not rise above 45 C, to avoid loss of ammonia, etc. Select, at random, one of the N test samples (6.2) and either follow the procedure described in 6
49、.4.2 or, if a suitable sample grinder is not available, that described in 6.4.3, or, if special treatment is necessary, that described in 6.5, 6.6 or 6.7 as appropriate. For fluid fertilizers, follow the procedure described in 6.8 . 6.4.2 Use of sample grinder Grind the test sample in the grinder (5.2) until all the sample has passed through, or for the specified time, depending on the type of grinder. To check that the grinding has been adequate, thoroughly mix a small representative portion of the ground
