1、 ISO 2013 Packaging and the environment Optimization of the packaging system Emballage et environnement Optimisation du systme demballage INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18602 First edition 2013-01-15 Reference number ISO 18602:2013(E) ISO 18602:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
2、DOCUMENT ISO 2013 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member
3、body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO 18602:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Sco
4、pe . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Requirements 3 4.1 Application . 3 4.2 Packaging assessment 3 4.3 Demonstration that the requirements of this International Standard have been met . 4 5 Critical areas to assess when determining the achievable level for packaging optimiz
5、ation . 4 Annex A (informative) Guidelines on the use of this International Standard for determining the achievable level for packaging optimization 5 Annex B (informative) Examples of the application of this International Standard using the checklist .10 Annex C (informative) Assessment and minimiz
6、ation of substances or mixtures hazardous to the environment 15 Bibliography .26 ISO 18602:2013(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally c
7、arried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the wor
8、k. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare Inter
9、national Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of th
10、e elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 18602 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 122, Packaging, Subcommittee SC 4, Packaging and environment.iv ISO 2013 All rights reserved ISO 1860
11、2:2013(E) Introduction Packaging plays a critical role in almost every industry, every sector and every supply chain. Appropriate packaging is essential to prevent loss of goods and, as a result, decrease impact on the environment. Effective packaging makes a positive contribution towards achieving
12、a sustainable society by, (e.g.): a) meeting consumers needs and expectation for the protection of goods, safety, handling and information; b) efficiently using resources and limiting environmental impact; c) saving costs in the distribution and merchandising of goods. An environmental assessment of
13、 packaging may include the manufacturing and distribution system, the wastage of packaging material and goods, the relevant collection systems, as well as recovery or disposal operations. This group of ISO standards and supporting reports provides a set of procedures which aim to: d) reduce environm
14、ental impact; e) support innovation in products, packaging and the supply chain; f) avoid undue restrictions on the use of packaging; g) prevent barriers and restrictions to trade. Packaging is designed to provide a number of functions for users and producers such as: containment, protection, inform
15、ation, convenience, unitization, handling, delivery or presentation of goods. A major role of packaging is prevention of damage to or loss of goods. (See ISO 18601, Annex A for a list of the functions of packaging.) ISO 18601 defines the interrelationships within the family of ISO standards which co
16、ver the environmental impact of packaging throughout its life cycle (see Figure 1). These standards will help define whether the selected packaging can be optimized and whether the packaging needs to be modified to ensure it can be reused or recovered after use. Demonstration that the requirements o
17、f these standards are met can be performed by a first party (manufacturer or supplier), a second party (user or purchaser), or by the support of a third party (independent body). Public claims on the environmental attributes of packaging may be addressed by different methods. Some of these are techn
18、ical aspects on reuse or recovery, others relate to access by the population to reuse or recovery systems or the amount of packaging placed on the market for recovery. This series of standards addresses the technical aspects of the packaging. It does not address the requirements of ISO 14021 needed
19、to support a claim or label. This International Standard does not use the term “and/or” but, instead, the term “or” is used as an inclusive disjunction, meaning one or the other or both. ISO 2013 All rights reserved v ISO 18602:2013(E) OPTIMIZE ISO 18601 Packaging and the environment - General requi
20、rements for the use of ISO standards in the ield of packaging and the environment ISO 18602 Packaging and the environment - Optimization of the packaging system Annex C Assessment and minimization of substances or mixtures hazardous to the environment Decision End of functional life Recovery RECOVER
21、Y ISO 18604 Packaging and the environment - Material recycling ISO 18605 Packaging and the environment - Energy recovery ISO 18606 Packaging and the environment - Organic recycling REUSE ISO 18603 Packaging and the environment - Reuse Reuse Figure 1 Relationship of the Packaging and environment stan
22、dardsvi ISO 2013 All rights reserved ISO 18602:2013(E) Optimum Pack Design Negative environmental impact Underpackaging Overpackaging Minimum environmental impact Minimum material Increasing packaging material weight or volume Figure 2 Packaging optimization 32 The model in Figure 2 illustrates how
23、the environmental consquences of product losses caused by excessive packaging reduction are far greater than guaranteeing adequate protection through an incremental excess of packaging. This International Standard presents a framework for self-assessment to determine whether the requirements of this
24、 standard have been met. Its approach is similar to that of systems standards such as the ISO 9000 series or an environmental management system such as ISO 14001. ISO 2013 All rights reserved vii Packaging and the environment Optimization of the packaging system 1 Scope This International Standard s
25、pecifies requirements and a procedure for assessment of packaging to ensure that the weight or volume of its material content is optimized consistent with the functions of packaging. This is one of several options for reducing the impact of packaging on the environment. This International Standard a
26、lso provides methodologies and procedures for a) determining the amount and minimization of substances or mixtures hazardous to the environment, and b) determining the amount of four heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium) in packaging. The potential for such substances to be rele
27、ased into the environment is included in the assessment. The procedures are referenced in Annex C. The process for packaging design, including material selection, is not part of this International Standard. The purpose is to help ensure and demonstrate that the packaging efficiently uses the selecte
28、d material. NOTE 1 For the purposes of this International Standard, the substitution of one packaging material by another is not a basis for packaging optimization. NOTE 2 Packaging material optimization can include increasing the weight or volume of packaging in order to reduce loss of goods. The p
29、rocedure for applying this International Standard is contained in ISO 18601. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated r
30、eferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 18601, Packaging and the environment General requirements for the use of ISO standards in the field of packaging and the environment ISO 21067, Packaging Vocabulary 3 T erms an d definiti ons For the pur
31、poses of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 18601, ISO 21067 and the following apply. 3.1 packaging optimization p r o c e s s f o r t h e a c h i e v e m e n t o f a m i n i m u m a d e q u a t e w e i g h t o r v o l u m e ( s o u r c e r e d u c t i o n ) f o r m e e t i n g t
32、h e n e c e s s a r y r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p r i m a r y o r s e c o n d a r y o r t r a n s p o r t p a c k a g i n g , w h e n p e r f o r m a n c e a n d user/consumer a c c e p t a bi l i t y r e m a i n u nc h a n g e d or a de q u a t e , t he r e b y r e duc i n g t he i mp a c t on t
33、he e nv i r on me n t INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 18602:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1 ISO 18602:2013(E) 3.2 critical area(s) specific performance criterion/criteria which prevents further reduction of weight or volume without endangering functional performance, safety, and user/consumer acc
34、eptability 3.3 supplier entity responsible for placing packaging or packaged goods on the market Note 1 to entry: The term “supplier” in normal usage can relate to various points in a supply chain. For the purpose of this document it relates to any point in the supply chain where a transaction relat
35、ing to packaging or packaged goods takes place SOURCE: ISO 18601:2012, definition 3.22 3.4 packaging component part of packaging that can be separated by hand or by using simple physical means SOURCE: ISO 18601:2012, definition 3.11 3.5 packaging constituent part from which packaging or its componen
36、ts are made and which cannot be separated by hand or by using simple physical means SOURCE: ISO 18601:2012, definition 3.12 3.6 packaging system complete set of packaging for a packaged good, encompassing one or more of the following that are applicable (depending on the packaged goods): Primary pac
37、kaging, Secondary packaging, Tertiary (distribution or transport) packaging 3.7 substances chemical elements and their compounds in the natural state or obtained by any production process, including any additive necessary to preserve stability, and any impurity deriving from the production process u
38、sed, but excluding any solvent which may be separated without affecting the stability of the substance or changing its composition 3.8 mixture preparation or solutions composed of two or more substances 3.9 safety data sheet documentation providing comprehensive information about a substance or mixt
39、ure Note 1 to entry: The UN Globally Harmonized System (3rd revised edition) Part 1 and Annex 4 - requires that documentation should be provided to users of the substance or mixtures and to contain the required information. 3.10 used packaging packaging that has been used by the f inal consumer or e
40、nd user and which is destined for reuse or recover y 3.11 packaging waste packaging that has been used by the final consumer or end user and which is discarded for final disposal and is not intended for reuse or recovery2 ISO 2013 All rights reserved ISO 18602:2013(E) 3.12 substances hazardous to th
41、e environment any substances classified as presenting an environmental hazard according to the UN Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labelling of Chemicals and its amendments (GHS), 3rd revised edition, Part 4, while meeting the criteria of labeling with the environmental hazard picto
42、gram Note 1 to entry: This is a general classification of substances hazardous to the environment and cannot be taken as specifically relating to substances used in packaging. 4 Requirements 4.1 Application The application of this International Standard to any particular packaging shall be as specif
43、ied in ISO 18601, Packaging and the environment General requirements for the use of ISO standards in the field of packaging and the environment. 4.2 Packaging assessment 4.2.1 Determination of critical area(s) The supplier shall evaluate the complete list of relevant criteria in Clause 5 to determin
44、e the critical areas which will govern the achievable limit for packaging optimization. See Annex A for guidance. The identification of at least one critical area shall be the basis of meeting the requirements of this International Standard for minimization. If no critical area has been identified t
45、he packaging does not meet the requirements of this International Standard and the potential for (further) packaging optimization is to be investigated. NOTE As some of these critical areas can be interdependent, more than one area can, in some cases, be identified as critical for determining the mi
46、nimum adequate amount of packaging. 4.2.2 Determination of presence of substances or mixtures hazardous to the environment The supplier shall determine (with reference to the guidance provided in Annex C) whether there is a presence of substances or mixtures hazardous to the environment that are lik
47、ely to be present in emissions, ash or leachate when packaging is incinerated or landfilled. For example, the packaging manufacturer should receive from its supplier of substances or mixtures a safety data sheet as defined in 3.8. T h e h e a d i n g “ composition/information on ingredients” should
48、indicate the concentration or concentration range of substances or mixtures presenting an environmental hazard as outlined in Annex C. NOTE The packaging manufacturer can calculate and so measure the presence of substances or mixtures hazardous to the environment in its packaging on the basis of inf
49、ormation associated with the packaging formulation and manufacturing process. 4.2.3 Determination of the four named heavy metals T h e s u p p l i e r s h a l l d e t e r m i n e ( w i t h r e f e r e n c e t o t h e g u i d a n c e p r o v i d e d i n Annex C) , b y m e a n s o f measurement, calculation or upstream information and data whether there is a presence of any of the four named heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, and hexavalent chromium) in the packaging component. NOTE The packaging manufacturer can calculate an
