1、 ISO 2017 Acoustics Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise Part 2: Determination of sound pressure levels Acoustique Description, valuation et mesurage du bruit de lenvironnement Partie 2: Dtermination des niveaux de pression acoustique INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1996-2 Third
2、 edition 2017-07 Reference number ISO 1996-2:2017(E) ISO 1996-2:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or b
3、y any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 C
4、P 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO 1996-2:2017(E)Foreword v Introduction vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Measurement uncertainty 3 5 Instrumentation for acoustical measurements
5、. 5 5.1 General . 5 5.2 Calibration 6 5.3 Verification . 6 5.4 Long-term monitoring 6 6 Principles . 6 6.1 General . 6 6.2 Independent measurements . 7 7 Operation of the source . 8 7.1 General . 8 7.2 Road traffic . 8 7.2.1 L eqmeasurement . 8 7.2.2 L maxmeasurement . 9 7.3 Rail traffic 9 7.3.1 L e
6、qmeasurement . 9 7.3.2 L maxmeasurement . 9 7.4 Air traffic .10 7.4.1 L eqmeasurement 10 7.4.2 L maxmeasurement 11 7.5 Industrial plants . .11 7.5.1 L eqmeasurement 11 7.5.2 L maxmeasurement 11 8 Meteorological conditions .12 8.1 General 12 8.2 Favourable propagation .13 8.3 Effects of precipitation
7、 on measurements .13 9 Measurement procedures 13 9.1 Selection of measurement time interval 13 9.1.1 Long-term measurements 13 9.1.2 Short-term measurements .14 9.2 Microphone location .14 9.2.1 Outdoors 14 9.2.2 Indoors 15 9.3 Measurements 15 9.3.1 Long-term unattended measurements 15 9.3.2 Short-t
8、erm attended measurements .16 9.3.3 Residual sound .17 9.3.4 Frequency range of measurements 17 9.3.5 Measurements of meteorological parameters 17 10 Evaluation of the measurement results .18 10.1 General 18 10.2 Determination of L E,T , L eq,Tand L N,T. 18 10.2.1 L E,Tand L eq,T. 18 10.2.2 L N,T18
9、ISO 2017 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO 1996-2:2017(E)10.3 Treatment of incomplete or corrupted data .19 10.3.1 General.19 10.3.2 Wind sound .19 10.4 Level correction for residual sound .19 10.5 Determination of standard uncertainty .19 10.6 Determination of L den. 20 10.6.1 Determination
10、 from long-term L eqmeasurements 20 10.6.2 Determination from long-term L Emeasurements of individual events20 10.6.3 Determination from short-term measurements .21 10.7 Maximum level, L max22 11 Extrapolation to other locations .22 11.1 General 22 11.2 Extrapolation by means of calculations22 11.3
11、Extrapolation by means of measured attenuation functions .23 12 Calculation .23 12.1 General 23 12.2 Calculation methods 24 12.2.1 General.24 12.2.2 Specific procedures 24 13 Information to be recorded and reported 24 Annex A (informative) Determination of radius of curvature .26 Annex B (informativ
12、e) Micr ophone locations r elati v e t o r eflecting surfac es .29 Annex C (informative) Selection of measurement/monitoring site 34 Annex D (informative) Correction to reference condition 36 Annex E (informative) Elimination of unwanted sound 41 Annex F (informative) Measurement uncertainty .42 Ann
13、ex G (informative) Examples of uncertainty calculations .44 Annex H (informative) Maximum sound pressure levels .49 Annex I (informative) Measurement of residual sound .52 Annex J (informative) Objective method for assessing the audibility of tones in noise Engineering method 54 Annex K (informative
14、) Objective method for assessing the audibility of tones in noise Survey method .56 Annex L (informative) National and E ur opean sour c e specific calculation models .57 Bibliography .60 iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 1996-2:2017(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardizat
15、ion) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be r
16、epresented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to
17、develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
18、 ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified
19、during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on
20、 the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformit y assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html. This document was
21、prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 1, Noise. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 1996-2:2007), which has been technically revised. A list of all the parts in the ISO 1996 series can be found on the ISO website. ISO 2017 All rights reserv
22、ed v ISO 1996-2:2017(E) Introduction Measurements of environmental noise are complicated because there is a great number of variables to consider when planning and performing the measurements. As each measurement occasion is subject to current source and meteorological conditions which cannot be con
23、trolled by the operator, it is often not possible to control the resulting uncertainty of the measurements. Instead, the uncertainty is determined after the measurements based on an analysis of the acoustic measurements and collected data on source operating conditions and on meteorological paramete
24、rs important for the sound propagation. Because this document has the ambition both to comply with new and stricter requirements on measurement uncertainty calculations and to cover all kinds of sources and meteorological conditions, it has become more complicated than what a standard covering a sin
25、gle, specific source and application could have been. The best use of the standard is to use it as a basis for developing more dedicated standards serving specific sources and aims.vi ISO 2017 All rights reserved Acoustics Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise Part 2: Determ
26、ination of sound pressure levels 1 Scope This document describes how sound pressure levels intended as a basis for assessing environmental noise limits or comparison of scenarios in spatial studies can be determined. Determination can be done by direct measurement and by extrapolation of measurement
27、 results by means of calculation. This document is primarily intended to be used outdoors but some guidance is given for indoor measurements as well. It is flexible and to a large extent, the user determines the measurement effort and, accordingly, the measurement uncertainty, which is determined an
28、d reported in each case. Thus, no limits for allowable maximum uncertainty are set up. Often, the measurement results are combined with calculations to correct for reference operating or propagation conditions different from those during the actual measurement. This document can be applied on all ki
29、nds of environmental noise sources, such as road and rail traffic noise, aircraft noise and industrial noise. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, on
30、ly the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1996-1:2016, Acoustics Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise Part 1: Basic quantities and assessment procedures ISO 20906:2009/Amd 1:20
31、13, Acoustics Unattended monitoring of aircraft sound in the vicinity of airports Amendment 1 ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in m e a s u r e
32、m e nt ( G U M: 1 9 9 5) IEC 60942, Electroacoustics Sound calibrators IEC 61260, Electroacoustics Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters IEC 61672-1, Electroacoustics Sound level meters Part 1: Specifications 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the terms and defini
33、tions given in ISO 1996-1 and the following apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp INTERNATI
34、ONAL ST ANDARD ISO 1996-2:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1 ISO 1996-2:2017(E) 3.1 measurement time interval time interval during which measurements are conducted Note 1 to entry: For measurements of sound exposure level or equivalent-continuous sound pressure level, the measurement time interv
35、al is the time period of integration. Note 2 to entry: For measurements of maximum sound pressure level or percent exceedance level, etc., the measurement time interval is the observation time interval (3.2). 3.2 observation time interval time interval during which a series of measurements is conduc
36、ted 3.3 prediction time interval time interval over which levels are predicted Note 1 to entry: It is now perhaps more common to predict sound levels using computers than to measure them for some sources such as transportation noise sources. The prediction time interval corresponds to the measuremen
37、t time interval (3.1) except, for the former, the levels are predicted, and for the latter, the levels are measured. 3.4 long-term measurement measurement sufficiently long to encompass all emission situations and meteorological conditions which are needed to obtain a representative average 3.5 shor
38、t-term measurement measurement during measurement time intervals (3.1) with well-defined emission and meteorological conditions 3.6 receiver location location at which the noise is assessed 3.7 calculation method set of algorithms to calculate the sound pressure level at a specified receiver locatio
39、n (3.6) from measured or predicted sound power levels and sound attenuation data 3.8 prediction method subset of a calculation method (3.7), intended for the calculation of future noise levels 3.9 meteorological window set of weather conditions during which measurements can be performed with limited
40、 and known variation in measurement results due to weather variation 3.10 emission window set of emission conditions during which measurements can be performed with limited variation in measurement results due to variations in operating conditions 3.11 sound path radius of curvature R cur radius app
41、roximating the curvature of the sound paths due to atmospheric refraction Note 1 to entry: R curis given in metres.2 ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 1996-2:2017(E) Note 2 to entry: Often, the parameter used is 1/R curto avoid infinitely large values during straight ray propagation. 3.12 monitor ins
42、trumentation used for a single automated continuous sound monitoring terminal which monitors the A-weighted sound pressure levels, their spectra and all relevant meteorological quantities such as wind speed, wind direction, rain, humidity, atmospheric stability, etc. Note 1 to entry: Meteorological
43、measurements need not be taken at each monitor provided such measurements are taken within an appropriate distance from the monitors and such distance is given in the report. 3.13 automated sound monitoring system entire automated continuous sound monitoring system including all monitors (3.12), the
44、 base or central data collection position (host station) and all software and hardware involved in its operation 3.14 reference condition condition to which the measurement results are to be referred (corrected) Note 1 to entry: Examples of reference conditions are atmospheric sound absorption at ye
45、arly average temperature and humidity and yearly average traffic flows for day, evening and night, respectively. 3.15 independent measurement consecutive measurements carried out with a time space long enough to make both source operating conditions and sound propagation conditions statistically ind
46、ependent of the same conditions of other measurements in the series Note 1 to entry: In order to achieve independent conditions for meteorological conditions, a time space of several days is normally required. 3.16 low-frequency sound sound containing frequency components of interest within the rang
47、e covering the one-third octave bands 16 Hz to 200 Hz Note 1 to entry: This definition is specific for this document. Other definitions can apply in different national regulations. 4 Measurement uncertainty The uncertainty of sound pressure levels determined as described in this document depends on
48、the sound source and the measurement time interval, the meteorological conditions, the distance from the source and the measurement method and instrumentation. The measurement uncertainty shall be determined in compliance with ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 (GUM). Choose one of the following approaches that are
49、 all GUM-compatible: a) The modelling approach that consists in identifying and quantifying all major sources of uncertainty (the so-called uncertainty budget). This is the preferred method. b) The inter-laboratory approach that consists in carrying out a round-robin test in order to determine the standard deviation of reproducibility of the measurement method. NOTE 1 If more than one measurement method exists for a certain measurand, any systematic deviations are taken into account, for example, by implementing ISO
