1、 ISO 2017 Ships and marine technology Marine environment protection Specifications on design and selection of sorbents Navires et technologie maritime Protection de lenvironnement marin Spcifications relatives la conception et a la slection des sorbants INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20053 First edition
2、 2017-09 Reference number ISO 20053:2017(E) ISO 20053:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any mean
3、s, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1
4、214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO 20053:2017(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Sorbent materials and forms . 2 4.1 General . 2 4.2 Examples of sorbent materials 2
5、4.2.1 Synthetic organic materials 2 4.2.2 Natural organic materials 2 4.2.3 Inorganic materials 2 4.3 Forms of sorbents . 2 4.3.1 Sorbent booms . 2 4.3.2 Pads . 2 4.3.3 Pillows . 2 4.3.4 Pom-poms 2 4.3.5 Rolls . 3 5 Selection criteria 3 5.1 General . 3 5.2 Buoyancy 3 5.3 Oil retention . 3 5.4 Sorpti
6、on capacity 3 5.4.1 Viscosity 3 5.4.2 Comparison test 3 5.5 Reusability 3 5.6 Biodegradability 4 5.7 Disposal . 4 6 Data to be provided by manufacturers 4 7 Designation and marking 4 7.1 General . 4 7.2 Marking . 5 Bibliography 6 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO 20053:2017(E) Forew
7、ord ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a techni
8、cal committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of e
9、lectrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document w
10、as drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such pa
11、tent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does no
12、t constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (T
13、BT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommitee SC 2, Marine environment protection.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 20053:2017(E) Introduction Sorbents are used to recover oil by absorp
14、tion and/or adsorption. T o enhance recovery, most sorbents are both oleophilic and hydrophobic. Additionally, there are sorbents which are either oleophilic or hydrophobic only for use with industrial spills. This document addresses applications pertaining to marine oil spills. In general, the use
15、of sorbents is only appropriate for the removal of thin oil layers. Sorbents can also be used to protect and/or clean environmentally sensitive areas, where the use of other cleaning equipment is restricted because of the possible damage it can produce. This document does not refer to loose or bulk
16、sorbents, which should not be used in open waters, because their use, especially with very thin oil layers, is inefficient, but involves the risk of uncontrolled proliferation, and thus subsequent pollution, which may be greater than the original oil pollution. This document gives some general guide
17、lines for manufacturers as well as users with regard to producing, purchasing, and using such types of material. It will not define any specific type and size of sorbent for a particular application, as so many variables have to be taken into consideration. ISO 2017 All rights reserved v Ships and m
18、arine technology Marine environment protection Specifications on design and selection of sorbents 1 Scope This document specifies materials, types, selection criteria and designation and marking of sorbents and data to be provided by manufacturer(s) for the sorbents. The purpose of this document is
19、to assist manufacturers and facilitate users in selecting sorbents by technical criteria. It does not purport to address all aspects of sorbents or safety concerns associated with sorbent use, nor does it define sorbent operational procedures. 2 Normative references The following documents are refer
20、red to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 16165, Ships and marine te
21、chnology Marine environment protection Terminology relating to oil spill response 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16165 and the following apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
22、 addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/ /www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/ /www.iso.org/obp 3.1 absorbent material that picks up and retains a liquid distributed throughout its molecular structure 3.2 adsorbent material that is coated by a liquid on it
23、s surface including pores and capillaries 3.3 hydrophobic material or surfaces repelling water 3.4 oleophilic material or surfaces attracting oil 3.5 sorption capacity ability of a product to absorb and/or adsorb as well as contain the collected oil Note 1 to entry: Sorption capacity is expressed as
24、 weight of oil per weight of the product. INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 20053:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1 ISO 20053:2017(E) 4 Sorbent materials and forms 4.1 General In the context of this document, the main purpose of sorbents is to recover an oil slick on the water. The sorption capacity
25、is as important as the buoyancy; both depend on the sorbent material. In general, no material shall be used which is proven or suspected to be potentially dangerous to the environment. 4.2 Examples of sorbent materials 4.2.1 Synthetic organic materials Examples include polypropylene, polyethylene, n
26、ylon, polyester fibres/fabrics and polyurethane foam. 4.2.2 Natural organic materials Examples include peat, cellulose, pulp, cotton, bark, hay, feathers, coconut husks, sugar cane waste (bagasse), cork, cellulose fibre, straw, wool, wood chips, and human hair. Straw is very useful for picking up he
27、avier products, such as lubricating oils, fuel oils, and weathered crudes. 4.2.3 Inorganic materials Examples include expanded perlite, glass wool, vermiculite, and volcanic ash. 4.3 Forms of sorbents Sorbents are generally categorized by intended application and shape, as follows. 4.3.1 Sorbent boo
28、ms Sorbent booms are tubular products which contain loose sorbent material in an oil-permeable envelope. The length is far greater than the other dimensions and is in excess of one metre. Certain models, designed for use on moderately moving water surfaces, have a “skirt,“ a flexible ballasted band,
29、 which improves the stability and their ability to contain a floating pollutant. These products combine the properties of containment and sorption. 4.3.2 Pads Pads (or sheets) are thin, flexible products normally with a thickness less than or equal to 3 mm, and with length and width less than a metr
30、e. 4.3.3 Pillows Pillows (and cushions) are flexible products in which the sorbent material is enclosed by net or fabric in a pillow sized permeable envelope. The length of this envelope is far greater than the thickness and is normally less than a metre in length. 4.3.4 Pom-poms This form of sorben
31、t is made up of thread-like strands joined together to form a light open structure, suitable for recovering viscous oil through adhesion.2 ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 20053:2017(E) 4.3.5 Rolls Rolls, also known as blankets, are products which can be up to several dozen metres in length. They ma
32、y be perforated to enable the user to use them like pads. They can be reinforced by a rope (filament), and are thus known as sweeps. 5 Selection criteria 5.1 General The following factors shall be considered when selecting sorbents for use on water. 5.2 Buoyancy The sorbent shall stay afloat without
33、 oil for at least three days. Further, the sorbent which is saturated with two oil types (see 5.4.2) shall remain afloat for at least six days. 5.3 Oil retention Oil-soaked sorbents shall retain the oil when removed from the water. 5.4 Sorption capacity 5.4.1 Viscosity The viscosity of the oil to be
34、 collected is one main criteria of sorption capacity: Distilled oils of low viscosity such as gasoline, kerosene, and gas oil are most efficiently picked up by absorbents, impregnation is rapid, e.g. a few seconds to a few minutes, but retention is less effective, thus there is a risk of release. He
35、avier oils of high viscosity, such as lubricating oils and most fuel oils, can be more efficiently picked up by adsorbents but the pollutant only adheres to the surface of the sorbent. Oils of higher viscosity are not efficiently recovered by sorbents because such oils cannot penetrate the full cros
36、s section of the sorbent, e.g. weathered crude oil. 5.4.2 Comparison test Various testing standards provide different results for capacity. Thus the purchaser is recommended to compare only test results achieved under the same testing standard. If such information is not available to determine the r
37、ight product for the application, the following test may be helpful. The sorbent is commonly tested in the field with two oil types for maximum oil sorption capacity g/g sorbent as follows: For low viscosity oil: 5 cSt; For high viscosity oil: 3 000 cSt. 5.5 Reusability The cost of using sorbents ca
38、n be decreased when the sorbent can be squeezed out and re-used. This may reduce the amount and costs for disposal but it has to be proven that the squeezed material will not cause re-oiling of the surface. ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3 ISO 20053:2017(E)5.6 Biodegradability A biodegradable product
39、could be helpful for situations where recovery is difficult. The biodegradable sorbent can be left on water if the sorbent has not absorbed oil. The sorbent which has absorbed oil shall be retrieved. 5.7 Disposal Recovered and saturated sorbents must eventually be processed and disposed unless they
40、are reusable. The criteria for and method of disposal shall be given for the sorbent. Final disposition options include: Land farming; Burning on-site or in a mobile incinerator; Disposal in a properly permitted landfill or industrial (heat recovery) incinerator. If a sorbent is composed with multip
41、le materials, the method of disposal of each material shall be specified. 6 Data to be provided by manufacturers The manufacturers specification and instruction handbook shall include the following information: Dimensions (mm or m); Material of sorbent and of envelope; Colour of product; Form of sor
42、bent (see 4.3); Buoyancy (see 5.2); Oil retention (see 5.3) Sorption capacity (see 5.4); Reusability (see 5.5); Biodegradability (see 5.6); Disposal method (see 5.7); Transport unit; Weight, size, and transport volume per unit (in m 3 ); Basic safety instructions or warning and any appropriate chemi
43、cal hazard signs, if necessary. 7 Designation and marking 7.1 General Each sorbent unit shall be provided with an easily visible marking, preferably fixed on the inner side of the transport unit. 4 ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 20053:2017(E) 7.2 Marking The marking shall include the following inf
44、ormation: Manufacturers name and address; Form and dimensions; Year of manufacture and expiry, where applicable; Weight of transport unit. ISO 2017 All rights reserved 5 ISO 20053:2017(E) Bibliography 1 AFNOR NF T90-362, Produits de lutte contre la pollution des eaux et des sols Classification des p
45、roduits absorbants 2 AFNOR NF T90-363, Produits de lutte contre la pollution des eaux et des sols tiquetage des produits absorbants 3 AFNOR NF T90-360, Essais des eaux Dtermination du pouvoir absorbant Capacit de rtention en huile 4 AFNOR NF T90-361, Essais des eaux Dtermination du pouvoir absorbant
46、 tous liquides 5 ASTM F716, Test Methods for Sorbent Performance of Absorbents 6 ASTM F726, Test Methods for Sorbent Performance of Adsorbents 7 BS 7959-1:2004, Materials used for the control of liquid spillages. Determination of sorbency 8 BS 7959-2:2000, Materials used for the control of liquid sp
47、illages. Determination of water repellency or buoyancy for hydrophobic (oil sorbent) materials 9 BS 7959-3:2007, Materials used for the control of liquid spillages. Colour coding of sorbent materials 10 CEDRE. Use of Sorbents for Spill Response Brest, 2009, pp. 4. 11 CONCAWE report no. 7 /81, Revise
48、d inland oil spill clean-up manual, The Hague, June 1981 12 Mobile E. Oil S p ill Respo nse Fi el d Man ual. Exx o nM o b il Research an d Engin ee ring Co m pan y , USA, 2002 13 Gertschaften und Mittel zur Abwehr von Gewssergefhrdungen (GMAG) der Lnderarbeitsgemeinschaft Wasser (LAWA), Hennef, Germany (under revision) Translated Title: Equipment and resources to the defense of water hazards 14 IMO Manual on Oil Pollution . Combating Oil Spills. London, 19886 ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 20053:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved ICS 13.020.99; 47.020.99 Price based on 6 pages
