1、 Reference number ISO 21927-2:2006(E) ISO 2006INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21927-2 First edition 2006-11-15 Smoke and heat control systems Part 2: Specification for natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilators Systmes de contrle de fume et de chaleur Partie 2: Spcifications pour les dispositifs dvacuati
2、on naturelle des fumes et de la chaleur ISO 21927-2:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the
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5、m the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from ei
6、ther ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reservedISO 21927-2:2006(E) I
7、SO 2006 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Symbols . 4 5 Design requirements 5 5.1 Initiation device. 5 5.2 Opening mechanism. 6 5.3 Opening of the ventilator . 6 5.4 Size of the geometric area . 6 5.5
8、Inputs and outputs (connections). 7 6 General testing procedures . 7 7 Aerodynamic free area of the ventilator. 7 8 Performance requirements and classification. 7 8.1 Reliability . 7 8.2 Opening under load 8 8.3 Low ambient temperature 9 8.4 Wind load. 10 8.5 Resistance to heat 10 9 Evaluation of co
9、nformity 11 9.1 General. 11 9.2 Type testing. 11 9.3 Factory production control (FPC) . 11 10 Marking 11 11 Installation and maintenance information12 11.1 Installation information 12 11.2 Maintenance information . 12 Annex A (normative) General testing procedures 13 Annex B (normative) Determinatio
10、n of the aerodynamic free area. 14 Annex C (normative) Test method for reliability. 28 Annex D (normative) Test method for opening under load . 29 Annex E (normative) Test method for low ambient temperature 30 Annex F (normative) Test methods for wind load 32 Annex G (normative) Test method for heat
11、 exposure 33 Annex H (normative) Direct field of application for SHEVs . 36 Bibliography . 40 ISO 21927-2:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of p
12、reparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental,
13、in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main ta
14、sk of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attenti
15、on is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 21927-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 21, Equipment for fire protection and fire fighting,
16、Subcommittee SC 11, Smoke and heat control systems and components. ISO 21927 consists of the following parts, under the general title Smoke and heat control systems: Part 1: Specification for smoke barriers Part 2: Specification for natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilators Part 3: Specification fo
17、r powered smoke and heat exhaust ventilators ISO 21927-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved v Introduction In a fire situation, smoke- and heat-exhaust ventilation systems create and maintain a smoke-free layer above the floor by removing smoke. They also serve simultaneously to exhaust hot gases
18、released by a fire in the developing stages. The use of such systems to create smoke-free areas beneath a buoyant layer has become widespread. Their value in assisting in the evacuation of people from buildings and other construction works, reducing fire damage and financial loss by preventing smoke
19、 damage, facilitating access for fire-fighting by improving visibility, reducing roof temperatures and retarding the lateral spread of fire is firmly established. For these benefits to be obtained, it is essential that smoke- and heat-exhaust ventilators operate fully and reliably whenever called up
20、on to do so during their installed life. A smoke- and heat-exhaust ventilation system (referred to in this part of ISO 21927 as a SHEVS) is a system of safety equipment intended to perform a positive role in a fire emergency. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21927-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1
21、Smoke and heat control systems Part 2: Specification for natural smoke and heat exhaust ventilators 1 Scope This part of ISO 21927 specifies requirements and gives test methods for natural smoke- and heat-exhaust ventilators that are intended to be installed in a roof and/or wall as a component of a
22、 natural smoke- and heat- exhaust system. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amend
23、ments) applies. ISO 6182-1, Fire protection Automatic sprinkler systems Part 1: Requirements and test methods for sprinklers ISO 7240-7, Fire detection and alarm systems Part 7: Point-type smoke detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes
24、 of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943 and the following apply. 3.1 aerodynamic free area product of the geometric area multiplied by the coefficient of discharge 3.2 ambient properties of the surroundings 3.3 automatic activation initiation of operation without direct human
25、 intervention 3.4 aspect ratio ratio of length to width 3.5 automatic natural smoke- and heat-exhaust ventilator smoke- and heat-exhaust ventilator that is designed to open automatically after the outbreak of fire if called upon to do so NOTE Automatic natural smoke- and heat-exhaust ventilators can
26、 also be fitted with a manual control or release device. ISO 21927-2:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved3.6 coefficient of discharge C vratio of actual flow rate, measured under specified conditions, to the theoretical flow rate, through the ventilator, as defined in Annex B NOTE 1 The coefficien
27、t takes into account any obstructions in the ventilator, such as controls, louvers and vanes, and the effect of external side winds. NOTE 2 Also called aerodynamic efficiency. 3.7 dual-purpose ventilator smoke- and heat-exhaust ventilator that has provision to allow its use for comfort (i.e. day-to-
28、day) ventilation 3.8 exhaust ventilator device for the movement of gases out of the construction works 3.9 fire-open position configuration of the ventilator specified by its designer to be achieved and sustained while venting smoke and heat 3.10 gas container vessel containing gas in a compressed f
29、orm, the energy of which, when released, opens the ventilator 3.11 geometric area A varea of the opening through a ventilator, measured in the plane defined by the surface of the construction works, where it contacts the structure of the ventilator NOTE No reduction is made for controls, louvers or
30、other obstructions. 3.12 initiation device device that activates the operating mechanism of the component (e.g. of a damper or a ventilator) on receipt of information from a fire detection system or thermal device 3.13 manual operation initiation of the operation of a smoke- and heat-exhaust ventila
31、tor by a human action (e.g. pressing a button, or pulling a handle) NOTE A sequence of automatic actions in the operation of a smoke- and heat-exhaust ventilator started by the initial human action is regarded as manual operation for the purposes of this part of ISO 21927. 3.14 manually opened natur
32、al smoke- and heat-exhaust ventilator natural smoke- and heat-exhaust ventilator that can be opened only by a manual control or release device 3.15 mass flux total mass of gases crossing a specified boundary per unit time ISO 21927-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 3 3.16 natural ventilation ve
33、ntilation caused by buoyancy forces due to differences in density of the gases because of temperature differences 3.17 opening mechanism mechanical device that operates the ventilator to the fire-open position 3.18 opening time period between the information to open being received by the ventilators
34、 and achieving the fire-open position of the ventilator 3.19 projection area cross-sectional area of the natural smoke- and heat-exhaust ventilator in its fire-open position above the plane of the roof, at a right angle to the side-wind flow 3.20 range of natural smoke- and heat-exhaust ventilators
35、ventilators of various sizes having the same method of construction and the identical number and type of opening devices 3.21 smoke- and heat-control system arrangement of components installed in a construction works to limit the effects of smoke and heat from a fire 3.22 smoke- and heat-exhaust sys
36、tem smoke and heat control system that exhausts smoke and heat from a fire in a construction works or part of a construction works 3.23 smoke- and heat-exhaust ventilation system SHEVS components jointly selected to exhaust smoke and heat in order to establish a buoyant layer of warm gases above coo
37、ler and cleaner air 3.24 smoke- and heat-exhaust ventilator SHEV device specially designed to move smoke and hot gases out of a construction works under conditions of fire 3.25 thermal device temperature-sensitive device that responds to initiate a subsequent action 3.26 throat area smallest cross-s
38、ectional area of the flow path through the ventilator 3.27 ventilator device for enabling the movement of gases into or out of the construction works 3.28 wind-sensitive control system control system designed to control two or more banks of ventilators on separate elevations so that only the ventila
39、tors not subject to positive wind pressures open in case of fire ISO 21927-2:2006(E) 4 ISO 2006 All rights reserved3.29 wall external building surface with an inclination of more than 60 relative to the horizontal 3.30 roof external building surface with inclination of 60 or less relative to the hor
40、izontal NOTE Shed roofs, independent of inclination angle, are considered to be part of roofs. 4 Symbols Symbol Definition Unit A any number used in the classifications A aaerodynamic free area, expressed in square meters (m 2 ) A nnozzle exit area (for open jet facilities), expressed in square mete
41、rs (m 2 ) A prprojection area of the ventilator for the side-wind flow, expressed in square meters (m 2 ) A schorizontal cross-section area of the settling chamber, expressed in square meters (m 2 ) A vgeometric area of the ventilator, expressed in square meters (m 2 ) B width of the open hole of th
42、e settling chamber, expressed in meters (m) B nwidth of nozzle exit area in open jet facilities, expressed in meters (m) B vmaximum width of the ventilator in the fire-open position, expressed in meters above the upper surface of the settling chamber (m) C vcoefficient of discharge, dimensionless _
43、C v0coefficient of discharge without side-wind influence, dimensionless _ C vwcoefficient of discharge with side-wind influence, dimensionless _ H nheight of nozzle exit area in open jet facilities, expressed in meters (m) H vmaximum height of the ventilator in the fire-open position above the upper
44、 surface of the settling chamber, expressed in meters (m) L length of the open hole of the settling chamber, expressed in meters (m) ing m mass flow rate entering the settling chamber, expressed in kilograms per second (kg/s) p ambambient pressure, expressed in pascals (Pa) p dwind-stagnation pressu
45、re, expressed in pascals (Pa) p intinternal static pressure, expressed in pascals (Pa) p int, v0internal static pressure without side wind, expressed in pascals (Pa) p int, vwinternal static pressure with side wind, expressed in pascals (Pa) ISO 21927-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 5 T tempe
46、rature, expressed in degrees Celsius (C) T temperature difference, expressed in Kelvin (K) V side-wind velocity, expressed in meters per second (m/s) V m, scmean velocity of the settling chamber, expressed in meters per second (m/s) V nmean nozzle velocity, expressed in meters per second (m/s) V scl
47、ocal velocities in plane above settling chamber, see Figure B.6, expressed in meters per second (m/s) W ssnow load, expressed in pascals (Pa) W wwind load, expressed in pascals (Pa) W wddesign wind load, expressed in pascals (Pa) opening angle of the ventilator, expressed in degrees angle of attack,
48、 expressed in degrees critincidence angle at which the smallest value of C vwobtained with side wind occurs, expressed in degrees angle of installation of ventilators on a roof, expressed in degrees p pressure difference, expressed in pascals (Pa) p v0reference-pressure difference between the static
49、 pressure in the settling chamber and the ambient pressure without side wind, expressed in pascals (Pa) p vwreference-pressure difference between the static pressure in the settling chamber and the ambient pressure with side wind, expressed in pascals (Pa) p intpressure difference between the static pressure in the settling chamber and the ambient pressure, expressed in pascals (Pa) airdensity of air, expressed in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m 3 ) 5 Design requirements 5.1 Initiation device 5.
