1、 Reference number ISO 22414:2004(E) ISO 2004INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22414 First edition 2004-10-15 Paper Cut-size office paper Measurement of edge quality Papier Format de coupe du papier de bureau Mesurage de la qualit des bords ISO 22414:2004(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded
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6、postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2004 All rights reservedISO 22414:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references. 1 3 Terms and defini
7、tions. 1 4 Principle. 2 5 Apparatus. 2 5.1 Viewing device 2 5.2 Quality-measurement template. 2 6 Sampling and preparation of test pieces 2 7 Procedure. 3 8 Expression of results 3 9 Test report 3 Annex A (normative) Standard gaps for comparison of the sheet edge 5 Annex B (informative) Graphic expl
8、anation and example according to subclause 7.3 . 6 ISO 22414:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally
9、carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the wo
10、rk. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare Inte
11、rnational Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of t
12、he elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 22414 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, Subcommittee SC 2, Test methods and quality specifications for paper and
13、board. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22414:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1Paper Cut-size office paper Measurement of edge quality 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a test method for assessing the quality of the cut edge of cut-size office paper. It is applicable to papers of the type
14、 described in ISO 216, as well as other cut-size office papers used for printing and copying. The measurement may be made on papers as received, with or without conditioning. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated r
15、eferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average quality ISO 187, Paper, board and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and pro
16、cedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples ISO 216, Writing paper and certain classes of printed matter Trimmed sizes A and B series 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 edge quality a measure of the degree of
17、 raggedness of cut or slit paper edges NOTE The degree of raggedness is expressed as a numeric value. 3.2 cut-size office papers papers in the range 60 g/m 2to 150 g/m 2which are used for writing and/or in various printing and copying devices ISO 14968:1999 3.3 ream a pack of 500 identical sheets of
18、 paper NOTE In many countries it is common practice to use the term “ream” for other quantities, for example 480 sheets, thus affecting the quire. For quantities other than 500 sheets, a different term, such as “pack”, should be used. ISO 4046-3:2002. ISO 22414:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved
19、4 Principle Estimate the edge quality by comparison of the sheet edge with a series of standard gaps on a quality-measurement template (see Annex A). Each gap is defined by the distance between two parallel lines. Examination of the sheet edge is done optically at a magnification of 42 times. Over 2
20、00 mm of the magnified edge, an estimate is made of the distance between the highest peak and the lowest valley exhibited by the edge under examination. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Viewing device Any device capable of casting an image of the sheet edge, at a magnification of 42 times, upon a measuring table for
21、 comparison with a series of standard gaps (see Annex A). NOTE For example, microfilm readers have been found to be suitable for this purpose. 5.2 Quality-measurement template The quality-measurement template displays six sets of parallel lines, each 200 mm long. Draw or print these lines on a trans
22、parency or on paper using a pen with an extra fine point. The lines shall have straight outlines and shall not be fuzzy. Particular care should be taken that templates reproduced using xerography or any other technique shall be identical in scale to the original. The distance between the parallel li
23、nes for the six sets shall be as follows. First set: Gap of 1 mm between lines. This set is defined as value 1. Second set: Gap of 2 mm between lines. This set is defined as value 2. Third set: Gap of 3 mm between lines. This set is defined as value 3. Fourth set: Gap of 4 mm between lines. This set
24、 is defined as value 4. Fifth set: Gap of 5 mm between lines. This set is defined as value 5. Sixth set: Gap of 6 mm between lines. This set is defined as value 6. NOTE Drawing six sets is sufficient, as in general less than 5 % of the cut edges are worse than value 5. 6 Sampling and preparation of
25、test pieces 6.1 If tests are being made to evaluate a lot, the samples shall be selected in accordance with ISO 186, but with the following method of selection: A lot is either to be defined as the number of reams for a certain order, or the number of reams produced within a certain time frame. Lot
26、size 1 u 500 reams: select 1 ream to inspect. Lot size 501 u 1 000 reams: select 2 reams to inspect. Lot size 1 001 u 10 000 reams: select 4 reams to inspect. Lot size 10 001 u 20 000 reams: select 8 reams to inspect. Lot size 20 001 u 30 000 reams: select 12 reams to inspect. Lot size 30 000 reams:
27、 select an additional 4 reams for each lot increase of 10 000 reams. ISO 22414:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 36.2 For the purpose of this International Standard, a test piece shall be a pack of six consecutive sheets taken from the same ream of paper. 6.3 Do not touch or damage the edges of t
28、he sheet. Select only undamaged sheets that are free from wrinkles. Sheets shall be free from any edge damage. 6.4 Identify the machine direction of the paper. 6.5 As agreed between the interested parties, make the determination either with or without conditioning. If the sample is to be conditioned
29、, conditioning shall be done in accordance with ISO 187. 7 Procedure 7.1 Start by taking an individual sheet from the test piece, using great care not to damage the edges. 7.2 Place the individual sheet in the viewing device so that the projection of the cut edge to be measured is horizontal across
30、the centre of the viewing screen and can be seen clearly. 7.3 Match the cut edge to the smallest possible gap, so that the highest peak and the lowest valley fit between the two parallel lines along the entire 200 mm length. Carry out a measurement at each of the two corners of the edge being examin
31、ed, and also a measurement near the midpoint of the edge (see Figure B.1). Specify the individual three results to their nearest integral gap, and record the worst result (see Figure B.2). This has to be done for each of the four sides of the sheet. 7.4 If the edge has individual fibres protruding,
32、ignore their presence. If the fibres are numerous, report their presence by placing an H next to the average cut quality on the report. Repeat the procedure specified in 7.2 and 7.3 with the remaining five consecutive sheets. 7.5 Repeat the procedure for each of the reams selected in accordance with
33、 Clause 6. 8 Expression of results 8.1 The results shall be recorded as the frequency of edge quality for each ream tested. For each ream, record the number of values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6. 8.2 Record the long-edge and short-edge values separately, since the edge quality will differ due to differences
34、 in cutting technology used for the two different directions. 8.3 Calculate the average and the standard deviation for each test piece and for the combined population of all the test pieces tested from a single lot. Do this separately for the long edge and the short edge. 9 Test report The test repo
35、rt shall include the following inforrmation: a) reference to this International Standard; b) specific identification of the sample tested; c) date and place of testing; d) average and standard deviation of each test piece, tested from a single lot as stated in 8.3; e) information about conditioning
36、as stated in 6.5; ISO 22414:2004(E) 4 ISO 2004 All rights reservedf) size of sheets; g) number of test pieces; h) the average edge-quality value and the standard deviation for the short edge and the long edge separately; i) any departure from this International Standard or any other circumstances th
37、at may have affected the results. ISO 22414:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 5Annex A (normative) Standard gaps for comparison of the sheet edge Key 1 gap 1 mm = value 1 2 gap 2 mm = value 2 3 gap 3 mm = value 3 4 gap 4 mm = value 4 5 gap 5 mm = value 5 6 gap 6 mm = value 6 Figure A.1 Sample of
38、the parallel sets of bars for a magnification of 42 times ISO 22414:2004(E) 6 ISO 2004 All rights reservedAnnex B (informative) Graphic explanation and example according to subclause 7.3 Carry out three tests per edge. One of the three results is the worst result which shall be recorded. Figure B.1
39、Position of the three tests with one worst result Key 1 1 mm gap to bottom line 2 2 mm gap to bottom line 3 3 mm gap to bottom line 4 4 mm gap to bottom line a Area of highest peak (value 4). b The bottom line is parallel to the lowest valley (value 0). The smallest possible gap, so that the highest
40、 peak and the lowest valley fit between the two parallel lines, is value 4. The highest peak has its nearest integral gap at value 3. The result of this cut edge is value 3, because the highest peak is closer to value 3 than to value 4. Figure B.2 Nearest integral gap ISO 22414:2004(E) ISO 2004 All
41、rights reserved 7Bibliography 1 ISO 4046-3:2002, Paper, board, pulps and related terms Vocabulary Part 3: Paper-making terminology 2 ISO 14968:1999, Paper and board Cut-size office paper Measurement of curl in a pack of sheets ISO 22414:2004(E) ICS 85.080 Price based on 7 pages ISO 2004 All rights reserved
