1、A Referencenumbe r ISO2333:1999(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2333 Firstedition 19990115 Informationanddocumentation TransliterationofArabiccharactersinto Latincharacters Part3: PersianlanguageSimplifiedtransliteration InformationetdocumentationTranslittrationdescaractresarabesen caractreslatins Par
2、tie3:PersanTranslittrationsimplifieISO2333:1999(E) ISO1999 Allrightsreserved.Unlessotherwisespecified,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyan ymeans,electronic ormechanical,includingphotocopyingandmicrofilm,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher. InternationalOrganization
3、forStandardization Casepostale56 CH1211Genve20 Switzerland Internet isoiso.ch PrintedinSwitzerland ii Foreword ISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISO memberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOte
4、chnical committees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhas therighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnongovernmental,in liaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnical Co
5、mmission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization. DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting. PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote. InternationalStandard2333waspreparedbyTechnica
6、lCommitteeISO/TC46 ,Informationanddocumentation, SubcommitteeSC2, Conversionofwrittenlanguages . ISO233consistsofthefollowingparts,underthegeneraltitle InformationanddocumentationTransliterationof ArabiccharactersintoLatincharacters : Part1:ArabiclanguageStringenttransliteration(ActuallypublishedasI
7、SO233:1984,Documentation TransliterationofArabiccharactersintoLatincharacters .) Part2:ArabiclanguageSimplifiedtransliteration Part3:PersianlanguageSimplifiedtransliteration AnnexesAtoCformanintegralpartofthispartofISO233.AnnexDisforinformationonly.ISO ISO2333:1999(E) iii Introduction ThispartofISO2
8、33isoneofaseriesofInternationalStandards,dealingwiththeconversionofsystemsofwriting. TheaimofthispartofISO233andothersintheseriesistoprovideameansforinternationalcommunicationof writtenmessagesinaformwhichpermitstheautomatictransmissionandreconstitutionofthese,bymenor machines.Thesystemofconversion,
9、inthiscase,mustbeunivocalandentirelyreversible. Thismeansthatnoconsiderationshouldbegiventophoneticandaestheticmattersortocertainnationalcustoms: alltheseconsiderationsare,indeed,ignoredbythemachineperformingthefunction. TheadoptionofthispartofISO233forinternationalcommunicationleaveseverycountryfre
10、etoadoptforitsown useanationalstandardwhichmaybedifferent,onconditionthatitiscompatiblewiththispartofISO233.The systemproposedhereinshouldmakethispossibleandbeacceptabletointernationaluseifthegraphismsitcreates aresuchthattheymaybeconvertedautomaticallyintothegraphismsusedinanystrictnationalsystems.
11、 ThispartofISO233maybeusedbyanyonewhohasaclearunderstandingofthesystemandiscertainthatitcan beappliedwithoutambiguity.Theresultobtainedwillnotgiveacorrectpronunciationoftheoriginaltextina personsownlanguage,butitwillserveasameansoffindingautomaticallytheoriginalgraphismandthusallow anyonewhohasknowl
12、edgeoftheoriginallanguagetopronounceitcorrectly.Similarly,onecanonlypronounce correctlyatextwrittenin,forexample,EnglishorPolish,ifonehasaknowledgeofEnglishorPolish. TheadoptionofnationalstandardscompatiblewiththispartofISO233willpermittherepresentation,inan internationalpublication,ofthemorphemesof
13、eachlanguageaccordingtothecustomsofthecountrywhereitis spoken.Itwillbepossibletosimplifythisrepresentationinordertotakeintoaccountthenumberofthecharacter setsavailableondifferentkindsofmachines.INTERNATIONALSTANDARD ISO ISO2333:1999(E) 1 InformationanddocumentationTransliterationofArabic charactersi
14、ntoLatincharacters Part3: PersianlanguageSimplifiedtransliteration 1Scope ThispartofISO 233establishesasimplifiedsystemforthetransliterationofPersiancharactersintoLatin characters.ThissimplificationofthestringentrulesestablishedbyISO233:1984isespeciallyintendedtofacilitate theprocessingofbibliograph
15、icinformation(e.g.catalogues,indices,citations,etc.) 2Normativereferences Thefollowingnormativedocumentscontainprovisionswhich,thoughreferenceinthistext,constituteprovisionsof thispartofISO233.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentsto,orrevisionsof,anyofthesepublicationsdo notapply.However,partiesto
16、agreementsbasedonthispartofISO233areencouragedtoinvestigatethe possibilityofapplyingthemostrecenteditionsofthenormativedocumentsindicatedbelow.Forundated references,thelatesteditionofthenormativedocumentreferredtoapplies.MembersofISOandIECmaintain registersofcurrentlyvalidInternationalStandards ISO2
17、332, InformationanddocumentationTransliterationofArabiccharactersintoLatincharactersPart2: ArabiclanguageSimplifiedtransliteration . ISO/IEC106461, InformationTechnologyUniversalMultipleOctetCodedCharacterSet(UCS)Part 1: ArchitectureandBasicMultilingualPlane .ISO2333:1999(E) ISO 2 . . . . _ . . s s
18、3Transliterationtables Table1Consonants No. Persian character a Transliteration into Latincharacter No. Persian character Transliteration into Latincharacter 1 1 7s 2b1 8z 3p1 9t 4t2 0z 5 s 21 6 j2 2 g 7c23 f 8 h2 4 q 9k25 k 10 d2 6 g 11 z 27 l 12 r2 8 m 13 z2 9 n 14 z3 0 v 15 s3 1h 16 3 2 y a Diffe
19、rentpositionformsofcharacters(initial,medial,finalandseparate)areshowninAnnexA. Generally,Persianwordsarerepresentedwithoutvowelsigns.However,inmostcases,thechangeof vowelsignbringsaboutadifferentmeaning(forexample: par=feather; por=full).Vowelsigns (diacritics)areusedintentionallywheneveradifferenc
20、einmeaningistobeemphasized.Intables2 and3,bothcasesarerepresented.ISO ISO2333:1999(E) 3 Table2Vowels No. Persian character Latin transliteration Examples withvowelsigns withoutvowelsigns 1 z ar zr 2 a sam sm 3 o por pr 4 e pedar pdr Table3Conventionalsigns No. Persian designation Persian character T
21、ransliteration Examples withvowelsigns withoutvowel signs 1 tashdid underlined double consonant ba eh b h masal msl 2 tanvin (ithasthree forms) (seenote ) omitted omitted NOTETanvinhasthreeforms,butsincethesecondandthethirdformareusedonlyinArabicIoan words,theyareomittedasrenderedinISO2332.ISO2333:1
22、999(E) ISO 4 Table4Differentformsofhamzeh No. Persiancharacter Transliteration Example 1 jz 2 rs 3 v svl 4 y msylh Table5Punctuationmarks No. Designation PersianCharacter Transliteration 1 Vavak , 2 Noghtehvavak ; 3 Neshaneye porsesh ? 4 Noghteh .ISO ISO2333:1999(E) 5 s AnnexA (normative) Differentp
23、ositionalformsofcharacters No. Initial Medial Final attached Separate No. Initial Medial Final attached Separate 1 17 2 18 3 19 4 20 5 21 6 22 7 23 8 24 9 25 s 10 26 11 27 12 28 13 29 14 30 15 31 16 32 ISO2333:1999(E) ISO 6 AnnexB (normative) CharacternamesinaccordancewithISO106461 NOTESomeofthechar
24、acternamesgivenforArabiclettersinISO106461(Table15)aredifferentfromthenamesusedfor Persianletters.Therefore,thecorrectcharacternamesaregivenintable B.1,inthehopethatnewidentifierswillbe consideredforthemintherevisionofISO106461.Meanwhilethecurrenthexidentifiers,intendedforthecorresponding Arabicchar
25、actersinISO106461,aregiven,forreference,inparenthesis. TableB.1NamesofcharactersincludedinTable1 No. NamesofcharactersincludedinTable1,according toISO106461 HexidentifierinISO106461 1 ARABICLETTERALEF 0627 2 ARABICLETTERBEH 0628 3 ARABICLETTERPEH 067E 4 ARABICLETTERTEH 062A 5 PERSIANLETTERSEH (062B)
26、 6 ARABICLETTERJEEM 062C 7 PERSIANLETTERCHEH (0686) 8 PERSIANLETTERHEH (062D) 9 PERSIANLETTERKHEH (062E) 10 ARABICLETTERDAL 062F 11 PERSIANLETTERZAL (0630) 12 ARABICLETTERREH 0631 13 PERSIANLETTERZEH (0632) 14 PERSIANLETTERZHEH (0698) 15 ARABICLETTERSEEN 0633 16 ARABICLETTERSHEEN 0634 17 ARABICLETTE
27、RSAD 0635 18 PERSIANLETTERZAD (0636) 19 ARABICLETTERTAH 0637 20 ARABICLETTERZAH 0638 21 ARABICLETTERAIN 0639 22 ARABICLETTERGHAIN 063A 23 ARABICLETTERFEH 0641 24 ARABICLETTERQAF 0642 25 ARABICLETTERKAF 0643 26 ARABICLETTERGAF 06AF 27 ARABICLETTERLAM 0644 28 ARABICLETTERMEEM 0645 29 ARABICLETTERNOON
28、0646 30 PERSIANLETTERVAV (0648) 31 ARABICLETTERHEH 0647 32 ARABICLETTERYEH 064AISO ISO2333:1999(E) 7 TableB.2NamesofcharactersincludedinTable2 No. NamesofcharactersincludedinTable2,according toISO106461 HexidentifierinISO106461 1 ARABICLETTERALEFWITHMADDABOVE 0622 2 PERSIANZEBAR (064E) 3 PERSIANPISH
29、 (064F) 4 PERSIANZIR (0650) TableB.3NamesofcharactersincludedinTable3 No. NamesofcharactersincludedinTable3,according toISO106461 HexidentifierinISO106461 1 TASHDID (0651) 2 TANVIN (064B) TableB.4NamesofcharactersincludedinTable4 No. NamesofcharactersincludedinTable4,according toISO106461 Hexidentif
30、ierinISO106461 1 ARABICLETTERHAMZEH 0621 2 ARABICLETTERALEFWITHHAMZEHABOVE 0623 3 PERSIANLETTERVAVWITHHAMZEHABOVE (0624) 4 ARABICLETTERYEHWITHHAMZEHABOVE 0626 TableB.5NamesofcharactersincludedinTable5 No. NamesofcharactersincludedinTable5,according toISO106461 HexidentifierinISO106461 1 VAVAK (060C)
31、 2 NOGHTEHVAVAK (061B) 3 NESHANEHYEPORSESH (061F)ISO2333:1999(E) ISO 8 AnnexC (normative) Generalprinciples C.1Generalprinciplesofconversionofwritingsystems C.1.1 Definitionsandmethods C.1.2 Thewordsinalanguage,whicharewrittenaccordingtoagivenscript(theconvertedsystem),sometimes havetoberenderedacco
32、rdingtoadifferentsystem(theconversionsystem)normallyusedforadifferentlanguage. Theprocedureisoftenusedforhistoricalorgeographicaltexts,cartographicdocumentsand,inparticular, bibliographicalworkwherecharactersmustbeconvertedfromdifferentwritingsystemsintoasinglealphabetto allowforalphabeticalintercal
33、ationinbibliographies,catalogues,indexes,toponymiclists,etc. Itisindispensableinthatitpermitstheunivocaltransmissionofawrittenmessagebetweentwocountriesusing differentwritingsystemsofexchangingamessage,thewritingofwhichisdifferentfromtheirown.Ittherebypermits transmissionbymanual,mechanicalaswellase
34、lectronicmeans. Thetwobasicmethodsofconversionofasystemofwritingaretransliterationandtranscription. C.1.3 Transliterationistheprocessofrepresentingthecharacters 1) ofanalphabeticalorsyllabicsystemof writingbythecharactersofaconversionalphabet. Inprinciple,theconversionshallbemadecharacterbycharacter
35、:eachcharacteroftheconvertedgraphicalsystem isrenderedbyonlyonecharacteroftheconversionalphabet,thisbeingtheeasiestwaytoensurethecompleteand unambiguousreversibilityoftheconversionalphabetintheconvertedsystem. Incertainexceptionalcases,e.g.whenthenumberofcharactersusedintheconversionsystemissmallert
36、hanthe numberofcharactersoftheconvertedsystem,itisnecessarytousedigraphsordiacriticalmarks.Inthiscase, arbitrarychoicesandtheuseofpurelyconventionalmarksshallbeavoidedasfaraspossible,andacertain phoneticlogicshallbemaintainedinordertogivethesystemawideacceptance. However,itmustbeacceptedthatthegraph
37、ismobtainedcannotalwaysbecorrectlypronouncedaccordingtothe phonetichabitsofthelanguage(orofallthelanguages)whichusuallyuse(s)theconversionalphabet.Ontheother hand,thisgraphismshallbesuchthatthereaderwhohasaknowledgeoftheconvertedlanguagecanmentally restoreunequivocallytheoriginalgraphismandthusprono
38、unceit. C.1.4 Retransliterationistheprocesswherebythecharactersofaconversionalphabetaretransformedback intothoseoftheconvertedwritingsystem.Itistheexactoppositeofthetransliterationprocessinthattherulesofa transliterationsystemareappliedinreversesoastoreconvertthetransliteratedwordtoitsoriginalform.
39、C.1.5 Transcriptionistheprocesswherebythesoundsofagivenlanguagearenotedbythesystemofsignsofa conversionlanguage. Atranscriptionsystemisofnecessitybasedontheorthographicalconventionsoftheconversionlanguage. Transcriptionisnotstrictlyreversible. 1) Acharacterisanelementofanalphabeticalorothertypeofwri
40、tingsystemthatgraphicallyrepresentsaphoneme,a syllable,awordorevenaprosodiccharacteristicofagivenlanguage.Itisusedeitheralone(forexamplealetter,asyllab ic sign,anideographicalcharacter,adigit,apunctuationmark)orincombination(forexampleanaccent,adiacriticalmark).A letterhavinganaccentoradiacriticalma
41、rk,forexample,isthereforeacharacterinthesamewayasabasicletter.ISO ISO2333:1999(E) 9 Transcriptionmaybeusedfortheconversionofallwritingsystems.Itistheonlymethodthatcanbeusedfor systemsthatarenotentirelyalphabeticalorsyllabicandforallideophonographicalsystemsofwritinglikeChinese. C.1.6 Tocarryoutromanization(theconversionofnonLatinwritingsystemstotheLatinalphabet),either transliterationortranscriptionoracombinationofthetwomaybeuseddependingonthenatureoftheconverted system
