1、 Reference number ISO 27831-1:2008(E) ISO 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 27831-1 First edition 2008-10-15 Metallic and other inorganic coatings Cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces Part 1: Ferrous metals and alloys Revtements mtalliques et autres revtements inorganiques Nettoyage et prparation
2、 des surfaces mtalliques Partie 1: Mtaux ferreux et alliages ISO 27831-1:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to
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7、 ISO 2008 All rights reservedISO 27831-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword vi Introduction vii 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 2 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Essential information to be supplied by the purchaser to the processor 3 5 Requirements 3 6 Standard cleani
8、ng methods. 4 7 Non-corrosion-resisting steels, cast irons and pure irons 5 7.1 Non-corrosion-resisting steels 5 7.1.1 Selection of method of cleaning . 5 7.1.2 Stress relief heat treatment . 5 7.1.3 General degreasing and cleaning . 5 7.1.3.1 Steels of tensile strength up to 1 000 MPa . 5 7.1.3.2 S
9、teels of tensile strength in the range 1 000 MPa to 1 400 MPa 5 7.1.3.3 Steels of tensile strength in the range 1 400 MPa to 1 800 MPa 5 7.1.3.4 Steels of tensile strength over 1 800 MPa 6 7.1.4 Preparation prior to electroplating 6 7.1.5 Preparation prior to autocatalytic nickel plating .7 7.1.6 Pr
10、eparation prior to phosphate treatment 7 7.1.7 Preparation prior to sherardizing 7 7.1.8 Preparation prior to hot-dip galvanizing 8 7.1.8.1 Steel items other than castings . 8 7.1.8.2 Steel castings 8 7.1.9 Preparation prior to metal spraying 8 7.1.9.1 Spraying for protection against corrosion and h
11、igh-temperature oxidation 8 7.1.9.2 Spraying for reclamation (recycling) purposes . 8 7.1.10 Preparation prior to the application of diffusion coatings . 8 7.1.11 Preparation prior to vitreous enamelling . 9 7.1.11.1 Conventional enamelling method 9 7.1.11.2 Alternative enamelling method 9 7.1.12 Pr
12、eparation prior to hot tinning. 10 7.1.12.1 Preparation for ordinary mild-steel surfaces . 10 7.1.12.2 Preparation of non-reactive mild-steel surfaces (TRI process) . 10 7.1.13 Preparation prior to physical vapour deposition of cadmium and aluminium. 10 7.2 Cast irons 10 7.2.1 General degreasing and
13、 cleaning . 10 7.2.2 Preparation prior to electroplating 10 7.2.3 Preparation prior to autocatalytic nickel plating . 10 7.2.4 Preparation prior to phosphating and the application of other conversion coatings. 10 7.2.5 Preparation prior to hot tinning. 11 7.2.5.1 “Direct chloride” method (TRI proces
14、s) . 11 7.2.5.2 Preparation prior to electroplating with a readily tin-platable metal . 11 7.2.6 Preparation prior to hot-dip galvanizing 11 7.2.7 Preparation prior to metal spraying 11 7.2.8 Preparation prior to diffusion coating 12 7.2.9 Preparation prior to vitreous enamelling . 12 8 Corrosion-re
15、sisting and heat-resisting steels . 12 ISO 27831-1:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reserved8.1 Corrosion-resisting steels 12 8.1.1 Stress-relieving heat treatment . 12 8.1.2 General degreasing and cleaning . 12 8.1.3 Preparation prior to electroplating 12 8.1.4 Preparation prior to autocatalytic nick
16、el plating . 12 8.1.5 Preparation prior to metal spraying 12 8.1.5.1 Preparation for metal spraying 12 8.1.5.2 Spraying for reclamation (recycling) purposes 13 8.1.6 Preparation prior to vitreous enamelling Austenitic steels . 13 8.2 Heat-resisting steels . 13 9 Pretreatment of metals prior to powde
17、r coating 14 9.1 General degreasing and cleaning . 14 9.2 Preparation of non-corrosion-resisting steels. 14 9.3 Preparation of corrosion-resisting steels. 14 10 Cleaning and preparation processes 14 10.1 Process A Organic-solvent degreasing and cleaning 14 10.1.1 General . 14 10.1.2 Method A1 Hot so
18、lvent, not water-rinsable . 15 10.1.3 Method A2 Cold solvent, not water-rinsable . 15 10.1.4 Method A3 Hot solvent, water-rinsable 15 10.1.5 Method A4 Cold solvent, water-rinsable 15 10.1.6 Method A5 Petroleum fuel based mixtures containing emulsifying agents 15 10.1.7 Method A6 Ultrasonic cleaning.
19、 16 10.2 Process B Alkaline degreasing. 16 10.2.1 General . 16 10.2.2 Method B1 General-purpose alkaline degreasing. 16 10.2.3 Method B2 Mild alkaline degreasing 16 10.2.4 Method B3 Cathodic alkaline degreasing 16 10.3 Process C Acid emulsion cleaning. 16 10.4 Process D Abrasive cleaning 17 10.4.1 G
20、eneral . 17 10.4.2 Method D1 Coarse-abrasive blasting . 17 10.4.3 Method D2 Fine-abrasive blasting 17 10.4.4 Method D3 Scouring. 17 10.4.5 Method D4 Tumbling 17 10.4.6 Method D5 Wire brushing 17 10.5 Process E Caustic-alkali descaling 18 10.5.1 Method E1 Sodium hydride descaling . 18 10.5.2 Method E
21、2 Alkali permanganate descaling . 18 10.6 Process F Acid pickling without electrolysis 18 10.6.1 General . 18 10.6.2 Method F1 18 10.6.3 Method F2 18 10.6.4 Method F3 18 10.6.5 Method F4 19 10.6.6 Method F5 19 10.7 Process G Acid dipping. 19 10.7.1 General . 19 10.7.2 Method G1 19 10.7.3 Method G2 1
22、9 10.8 Process H Anodic pickling 20 10.8.1 General . 20 10.8.2 Method H1 20 10.8.3 Method H2 20 10.8.4 Method H3 20 10.9 Process J Acid de-rusting . 20 10.10 Process K Alkaline de-rusting. 21 10.10.1 General . 21 10.10.2 Method K1 (for light rust) . 21 ISO 27831-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserve
23、d v 10.10.3 Method K2 (for heavy rust) 21 10.10.4 Method K3 (for heavy rust) 22 10.11 Process L Chemical smoothing and electropolishing of steels . 22 10.11.1 Method L1 Chemical smoothing process (for non-corrosion-resisting steels) 22 10.11.2 Method L2 Electropolishing of corrosion-resisting steels
24、 22 10.12 Process M Passivation and removal of surface contamination from corrosion-resisting steels and surface preparation prior to electroplating . 23 10.12.1 Method M1 Passivation . 23 10.12.2 Method M2 Test for surface contamination. 23 10.12.3 Method M3 Alternative test for surface contaminati
25、on 23 10.12.4 Method M4 Preparation of corrosion-resisting steels prior to electroplating . 24 Annex A (informative) Maintenance of organic and vapour degreasing baths . 25 Annex B (informative) The control of acidity in vapour cleaning baths . 26 Annex C (normative) Method for the determination of
26、oxidizable material in sulfuric acid. 27 Bibliography . 28 ISO 27831-1:2008(E) vi ISO 2008 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is
27、 normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part
28、 in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to pr
29、epare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that
30、 some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 27831-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107, Metallic and other inorganic coatings, Subcommittee SC 3, Electrodeposited coatings
31、 and related finishes. ISO 27831 consists of the following parts, under the general title Metallic and other inorganic coatings Cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces: Part 1: Ferrous metals and alloys Part 2: Non-ferrous metals and alloys ISO 27831-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved vii Int
32、roduction The adhesion of deposited coatings depends upon the efficiency of degreasing and cleaning processes used on the substrate surface. The removal of grease, oil and dirt and all other forms of contamination left from fabrication processes or due to corrosion/erosion of surfaces in storage or
33、in service is essential for successful production of a pristine, chemically clean active surface for deposition of coatings. The surface contaminants can be corrosion products, mould sand or mould release agents on ferrous and non-ferrous castings; corrosion products and mill scales on hot-rolled st
34、eel sheet, girders, etc. (broken mill scale is cathodic to the underlying substrate); oil and rolling lubricant on cold-rolled steel sheet; rolling lubricant on e.g. cold-rolled aluminium sheet; corrosion products on delivery or during storage on hot-dip-galvanized steel sheet or angle bars/brackets
35、; other undesirable materials from storage and handling. The difficulty of coating these surfaces is well known. Cleaning processes for removing surface contaminants are varied, depending, among other things, on the identification and classification of the soil as well as the size and shape of the s
36、ubstrate, the degree of cleanliness required, the availability of the facilities needed, the cost of the processes used and their impact on the environment, and the nature of subsequent processes to which the substrate is going to be subjected. ISO 27831 includes cleaning processes ranging from mech
37、anical methods (which give the least degree of cleanliness) to chemical and ultrasonic methods (which give a higher degree of surface preparation) and substrate conditioning by glow discharge plasma (sputter cleaning) for vapour deposition. ISO 27831 describes practices for cleaning a variety of met
38、als and metal alloys prior to the application of a range of coatings or without any coating requirements. The cleaning processes described in ISO 27831-1 and ISO 27831-2 are indicative only of those most commonly used in practice. However, there are numerous formulations of solutions and numerous pr
39、oprietary processes available which are not included in ISO 27831-1 or ISO 27831-2. Wherever possible, references to particular processes have been made. For references concerning all other processes included in either part of ISO 27831, the publications given in the Bibliography in the respective p
40、art should be consulted. ISO 27831-1 covers ferrous metals and their alloys, whilst ISO 27831-2 covers non-ferrous metals and their alloys. For ISO 27831-2 to be usable, as far as possible, as a “stand-alone” document, Clauses 1 to 6 of ISO 27831-1 have been included in it as Clauses 1 to 6 and the
41、numbering of the other clauses follows the same sequence as in ISO 27831-1. Additionally, since some of the cleaning and preparation processes specified for ferrous materials in ISO 27831-1 can also be used for non-ferrous metals, the cleaning and preparation processes follow the same sequence, usin
42、g the same designations, as in ISO 27831-1. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 27831-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1 Metallic and other inorganic coatings Cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces Part 1: Ferrous metals and alloys WARNING This part of ISO 27831 may not be compliant with some count
43、ries health, safety and environmental legislation. It calls for the use of substances and/or procedures that may be injurious to health if adequate safety measures are not taken. This part of ISO 27831 does not address any health hazards, safety or environmental matters, or legislation associated wi
44、th its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this part of ISO 27831 to establish appropriate health, safety and environmentally acceptable practices and take appropriate action to comply with any national, regional and/or international regulations. Compliance with this part of ISO 27831 does
45、not, of itself, confer immunity from legal obligations. 1 Scope This part of ISO 27831 specifies processes for the cleaning of the surfaces of ferrous metals and their alloys to remove any irrelevant or unwanted deposits or other material at any stage of manufacture, storage or service and for the p
46、reparation of these surfaces for further treatment. It does not cover cleaning operations associated with the preliminary removal of heavy deposits of oil, grease or dirt accumulated during operational service, preparations for welding or the cleaning of electrical contacts. However, many of the pro
47、cesses included in this part of ISO 27831 may be used for these operations at the discretion of the users of this part of ISO 27831. This part of ISO 27831 covers processes which are needed for the preparation of metal surfaces prior to the application of the following surface coatings: electrodepos
48、ited metal coatings; autocatalytic metal coatings (autocatalytic and displacement types); conversion coatings; hot-dipped coatings; sprayed metal coatings; diffusion coatings; coatings produced by vitreous enamelling; coatings produced by physical vapour deposition of aluminium and cadmium; powder c
49、oatings. ISO 27831-1:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reservedThis part of ISO 27831 describes processes for carrying out the following treatments: degreasing; descaling; pickling; de-rusting; chemical smoothing; electropolishing. This part of ISO 27831 relates the processes described above to the following metals: non-corrosion-resisting steels, cast irons and pure irons; corrosion-resisting and heat-resisting stee
