1、 Reference number ISO 8468:2007(E) ISO 2007INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8468 Third edition 2007-07-15 Ships and marine technology Ships bridge layout and associated equipment Requirements and guidelines Navires et technologie maritime Amnagement de la passerelle dun navire et disposition de ses quipem
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7、edISO 8468:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword. v Introduction . vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 2 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations. 2 3.1 Terms and definitions. 2 3.2 Abbreviations 7 4 Bridge configuration. 8 4.1 General. 8 4.2 Field of vision 8 4.2.1 Gener
8、al. 8 4.2.2 Primary conning position 8 4.2.3 Navigation and manoeuvring workstation . 9 4.2.4 Monitoring and secondary navigation workstation 13 4.2.5 Docking (bridge wings) workstation. 13 4.2.6 Manual steering (helmsmans) workstation. 14 4.3 Windows 14 4.4 Sound reception system 15 5 Bridge functi
9、ons and tasks and their relations to workstations . 15 5.1 General. 15 5.2 Location and interrelation of workstations15 5.2.1 Bridge functions . 15 5.2.2 Dedicated workstations 16 5.2.3 Workstations for navigation and manoeuvring, and monitoring and secondary navigation. 16 5.2.4 Workstations for do
10、cking 17 5.2.5 Workstation for manual steering. 17 5.2.6 Workstations for voyage planning and safety. 17 5.2.7 Workstation for communication 17 5.2.8 Workstations for additional functions 17 5.3 Tasks to be performed . 17 5.4 Configuration and dimensions of consoles. 19 5.5 Accessibility and movemen
11、t . 21 5.6 Bridge alarm systems. 22 5.6.1 Alarms 22 5.6.2 Bridge navigational watch alarm system (BNWAS) 22 5.6.3 Alarm transfer system 22 5.6.4 Centralized alarm system 23 6 Bridge equipment . 23 6.1 General. 23 6.2 Distribution of equipment in workstations.23 6.3 Equipment . 27 6.4 Illumination an
12、d individual lighting of equipment. 28 6.4.1 Illumination 28 6.5 Outer shape of equipment . 29 6.6 Power supply requirements. 29 7 Bridge working environment . 29 7.1 General. 29 7.2 Vibration 29 ISO 8468:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reserved7.3 Noise. 29 7.3.1 General noise. 29 7.3.2 Sound signal
13、s 29 7.4 Lighting 29 7.4.1 Goal 29 7.4.2 Guidelines 30 7.4.3 Range of lighting. 30 7.4.4 Darkness 30 7.5 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning . 31 7.5.1 General . 31 7.5.2 Temperature. 31 7.5.3 Humidity. 31 7.5.4 Guidelines 31 7.6 Surfaces . 32 7.7 Interior 32 7.8 Safety of personnel. 32 8 Fail
14、ure mode and effects analysis (FMEA). 33 8.1 General . 33 8.2 Objectives 33 8.3 Initial functional failure analysis . 33 8.4 Detailed failure mode and effects analysis 34 9 Documentation 34 9.1 Stowage 34 9.2 User information which should be provided 35 9.2.1 By the bridge integrator Detailed operat
15、ing instructions 35 9.2.2 By the ship owner Bridge operational procedures and training . 35 9.3 Supplemental documentation 35 Annex A (normative) Bridge layout for high speed craft . 36 Bibliography . 38 ISO 8468:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved v Foreword ISO (the International Organization for
16、 Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the
17、right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Internatio
18、nal Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication a
19、s an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. I
20、SO 8468 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommittee SC 5, Ships bridge layout. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 8468:1990) and ISO 14612:2004, which have been technically revised. ISO 8468:2007(E) vi ISO 2007 All rights reser
21、vedIntroduction It has become common practice for operators (officers and crew) to move between shipping companies and flag states and serve on a wide range of ships. Pilots too have to handle an increasing variety of ships and equipment. This International Standard therefore, contains requirements
22、and guidelines which aim to ensure safe navigation by standardizing the bridge environment to provide watchkeepers with a consistent pattern of equipment layout regardless of the ship type or the navigational systems fitted on the bridge. The requirements in this International Standard take into acc
23、ount human factors, ergonomic principles and advances in technology. Functional requirements are outlined in general terms in order to prescribe the basic functionality, providing the operator at each defined workstation with the best possible overview of internally presented data, easy and ergonomi
24、c operation of equipment, adequate environmental conditions on the bridge. All information made available to the operator from equipment, alarm systems and communication equipment has to be suited for the purpose, and presented in accordance with ergonomic principles. Too much information is stressi
25、ng and may cause confusion. Information and control facilities have to meet the needs of the operator and provide the level of performance appropriate to particular workstations and procedures. Safety aspects related to the crew, cargo, ship and the environment need to be addressed in detail. Guidel
26、ines and figures give examples, ideal and/or alternative solutions, when such are well defined. Guiding references and comments are added where applicable. It should be noted that no specific layout presents the sole solution for a proper bridge fulfilling the requirements laid down in this Internat
27、ional Standard. This International Standard is parametric, and different types of ships and operations have different optimum designs, even though basic safety requirements are equal. This International Standard is related to the IMO Resolution on ergonomic criteria for bridge equipment and the gene
28、ral requirements in SOLAS Chapter V. Based on SOLAS Chapter IX (ISM-Code), dealing with casualties attributed to the human element, this International Standard should reduce such casualties. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8468:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1 Ships and marine technology Ships brid
29、ge layout and associated equipment Requirements and guidelines 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the functional requirements for bridge configuration, bridge arrangement, bridge workstations and bridge environment. Guidelines have been drawn up for the methods and solutions to meet the f
30、unctional requirements. The requirements in this International Standard apply to all bridge functions. The purpose of this International Standard is to assist the operator(s) and pilot by providing a workplace that is conducive to safe and effective operation. It also aims to specify bridge requirem
31、ents, which will secure safe and efficient operation of the ship berth-to-berth regardless of the watchkeeping arrangement in place at a particular time. This International Standard should be used in support of the aims in SOLAS Chapter V Regulation 15. Requirements and guidance on the human element
32、 aspects of the bridge system (e.g. training, procedures) are not given. However, for safe and effective watchkeeping, these aspects will need to be addressed. The main use of this International Standard will be for designing ships bridges. This International Standard will also be useful to specifie
33、rs and procurers of ships and bridge equipment, operators, and owners for ensuring that changes made to the bridge through the life of a ship continue to conform to these requirements. This International Standard is applicable to seagoing ships. Where there are physical limitations in applying this
34、International Standard, i.e. to small ships or to ships of unusual design, the general functional requirements still apply. Annex A of this International Standard applies to high speed craft. This International Standard does not supersede performance standards for bridge equipment. Users of this Int
35、ernational Standard should note that while attempting to implement its requirements, they should ensure compliance with such statutory requirements, rules and regulations as may be applicable to the individual ship concerned. Designers should consider future changes in the purpose of the ship, and a
36、vailability of new equipments, in their bridge designs. ISO 8468:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reserved2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the l
37、atest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2412, Shipbuilding Colours of indicator lights ISO 3434, Shipbuilding and marine structures Heated glass panes for ships rectangular windows ISO 3904, Shipbuilding and marine structures Clear-view screens IEC 60447, Bas
38、ic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification Actuating principles IMO MSC.97(73) 2000, International Code of Safety for High-Speed Craft, 2000 (2000 HSC Code) IMO Resolution A.343(IX), Recommendation on methods of measuring noise levels at listening posts IMO Resolu
39、tion A.468(XII), Code on Noise Levels on Board Ships IMO Resolution A.694(17), General requirements for shipbourne radio equipment forming part of the GMDSS and for electronic navigational aids International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3.1
40、Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 abnormal operating condition condition created when internal technical system failures require operation of back-up systems on the bridge, or when they occur under an irregular operating conditi
41、on, or when the operator becomes unfit to perform his duties and has not yet been replaced by another qualified officer 3.1.2 additional bridge functions functions performed on the bridge, but not related to a primary bridge function EXAMPLE Extended communication functions, monitoring and control o
42、f ballasting and cargo operations, monitoring and control of machinery, monitoring and control of domestic systems, ship management. 3.1.3 alarm audible and visual signal alerting a condition requiring immediate attention or user action 3.1.4 alarm transfer system system which transfers an alarm fro
43、m the bridge to the master and the back-up operator or any place(s) assigned by the system in the case of any operator deficiency 3.1.5 alert announcement of an abnormal situation or condition requiring attention NOTE Alerts may consist of alarms, warnings and cautions. ISO 8468:2007(E) ISO 2007 All
44、 rights reserved 3 3.1.6 back-up operator qualified officer who has been designated by the ships master to be on call if assistance is needed on the navigation bridge 3.1.7 bridge area from which the navigation and control of the ship is exercised, including the wheelhouse and bridge wings 3.1.8 bri
45、dge arrangement location and interrelation of workstations and equipment on the bridge 3.1.9 bridge configuration shape of the bridge comprising the outer bulkheads and windows of the bridge area 3.1.10 bridge navigational watch alarm system BNWAS alarm system comprising watch monitoring and alarm t
46、ransfer 3.1.11 bridge integrator organization that takes overall responsibility for the design of the bridge 3.1.12 bridge system total system for the performance of bridge functions, comprising bridge personnel, technical systems, man- machine interface and procedures 3.1.13 bridge wing part of the
47、 bridge, on both sides of the ships wheelhouse, which, in general, extends to the ships side 3.1.14 catwalk extension to a deck outside the wheelhouse wide enough to allow the safe passage of a person 3.1.15 caution visual alert of a condition which does not warrant an alarm or warning condition, bu
48、t still requires attention out of the ordinary, consideration of the situation, or of the given information 3.1.16 collision avoidance function detection and plotting of ships and other moving and stationary objects; determination and execution of course and speed deviations to avoid collision 3.1.1
49、7 commanding vision view without obstructions which would interfere with the operators ability to perform his immediate task 3.1.18 communications workstation workstation for operation and control of equipment for distress, safety and routine communications ISO 8468:2007(E) 4 ISO 2007 All rights reserved3.1.19 conning position place in the wheelhouse with commanding vision and which is used by operators when monitoring and directing the ships movements NOTE The conning position is frequently at the w
