1、Information technologies JPEG Systems Part 2: Transport mechanisms and packaging Technologies de linformation Systmes JPEG - Partie 2: Mcanismes de transport et paquetage TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 19566-2 First edition 2016-10-15 Reference number ISO/IEC TR 19566-2:2016(E) ISO/IEC 2016 ii ISO/IEC
2、2016 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
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4、2 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO/IEC TR 19566-2:2016(E) ISO/IEC TR 19566-2:2016(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms, definitions and abbr e viat ed t erms 1 3.1 Terms and definitions . 1 3.2 Abbreviated terms . 3 4 Conventions . 4 4.1 Operators . 4
5、4.1.1 Arithmetic operators 4 4.1.2 Logical operators . 4 4.1.3 Relational operators . 4 4.1.4 Precedence order of operators 4 4.1.5 Mathematical functions . 5 5 General 5 6 Purpose of the document . 6 7 Technical rationale Partial representation of image and metadata content6 8 Use cases and require
6、ments . 7 9 Mapping c ont ent t o data-bins . 8 9.1 Codestream data-bins . 8 9.2 Metadata-bins 9 9.3 Designing box-structured file formats for JPIP 10 10 Typical JPIP architecture 11 11 JPIP request and response schemes 12 11.1 JPIP client request .13 11.2 JPIP server response controls .14 12 Design
7、 and adaptation of codestream structures for JPIP .15 13 Application example: JPEG over JPIP 15 Bibliogr aph y .16 ISO/IEC 2016 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO/IEC TR 19566-2:2016(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnic
8、al Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activ
9、ity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical commit
10、tee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in acco
11、rdance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent right
12、s. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitu
13、te an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The comm
14、ittee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information. A list of all parts of the ISO/IEC 19566 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO/IEC 2016 All rights reserved ISO/IEC TR 19566-2:20
15、16(E) Introduction Access to images and metadata using channels with limited bit rates can be significantly speed up by allowing proper decoding of partial representations. In this case, parts of the image can be displayed to the user or processed by an algorithm as soon as parts of the codestream o
16、r of the file are available at the client side. Rec. ITU-T T.808 | ISO/IEC 15444-9 standardizes mechanisms called JPIP for incrementally communicating box-structured files, as well as information found within codestreams that may or may not be embedded within boxes of a box-structured file. By these
17、 means, standardized methods for accessing meaningful parts of an image are available. So far, Rec. ITU-T T.808 | ISO/IEC 15444-9 is part of the JPEG 2000 standards. Other standards like JPEG (Rec. ITU-T T.81 | ISO/IEC 10918-1) or JPEG-XR (ISO/IEC 29199) are either not supported at all, or only in a
18、 very limited way. Consequently, application of JPIP is predominantly restricted to JPEG 2000. In the ambition to create an ecosystem of tools that can be applied to many or all standards of the JPEG family, this document gives guidelines for design of future compression standards and transmission f
19、ormats such that partial access to images can be provided in a uniform manner based on the concepts and ideas of JPIP as defined in Rec. ITU-T T.808 | ISO/IEC 15444-9. ISO/IEC 2016 All rights reserved v Information technologies JPEG Systems Part 2: Transport mechanisms and packaging 1 Scope This doc
20、ument collects important information with the goal of elaborating a system layer for JPEG standards, referred to as JPEG systems. This document summarizes the principles of incremental codestream and file transport that are intended to form the future building blocks JPEG systems. Industrial impleme
21、ntations, future codecs and systems components are encouraged to follow these guidelines. 2 Normative references There are no normative references in this document. 3 T erms, d efinitions and abbr e viat ed t erms 3.1 T erms and definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and
22、 definitions apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/ /www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:/ /www.iso.org/obp/ 3.1.1 b i t s t r e a m partially encoded or deco
23、ded sequence of bits comprising an entropy-coded segment 3.1.2 b ox structured collection of data describing the image or the image decoding process Note 1 to entry: See ISO/IEC 19566-1 for the definition of boxes. 3.1.3 b o x - b a s e d f i l e f o r m a t file format whose composing elements are
24、well-defined, hierarchically structured boxes 3.1.4 by t e group of 8 bits 3.1.5 coder embodiment of a coding process TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 19566-2:2016(E) ISO/IEC 2016 All rights reserved 1 ISO/IEC TR 19566-2:2016(E) 3.1.6 codestream sequence of bits, representing a compressed image and assoc
25、iated metadata 3.1.7 coding encoding or decoding 3.1.8 coding model procedure (3.1.27) used to convert input data into symbols to be coded 3.1.9 (coding) process general term for referring to an encoding process (3.1.16), a decoding process (3.1.14) or both. 3.1.10 compression reduction in the numbe
26、r of bits used to represent source image data 3.1.11 component two-dimensional array of samples (3.1.28) having the same designation in the output or display device Note 1 to entry: An image typically consists of several components, e.g. red, green and blue. 3.1.12 continuous-tone image image whose
27、components (3.1.11) have more than 1 bit per sample (3.1.28) 3.1.13 decoder embodiment of a decoding process (3.1.14) 3.1.14 decoding process process which takes as its input compressed image data and outputs a continuous-tone image (3.1.12) 3.1.15 encoder embodiment of an encoding process (3.1.16)
28、3.1.16 encoding process process which takes as its input a continuous-tone image (3.1.12) and outputs compressed image data 3.1.17 entropy-coded (data) segment independently decodable sequence of entropy-encoded bytes of compressed image data 3.1.18 entropy decoder embodiment of an entropy decoding
29、(3.1.19) procedure 3.1.19 entropy decoding lossless procedure which recovers the sequence of symbols from the sequence of bits produced by the entropy encoder (3.1.20) 3.1.20 entropy encoder embodiment of an entropy encoding (3.1.21) procedure2 ISO/IEC 2016 All rights reserved ISO/IEC TR 19566-2:201
30、6(E) 3.1.21 entropy encoding lossless procedure which converts a sequence of input symbols into a sequence of bits such that the average number of bits per symbol approaches the entropy of the input symbols 3.1.22 Joint Photographic Experts Group JPEG informal name of the committee that created this
31、 document Note 1 to entry: The “joint” comes from the ITU-T and ISO/IEC collaboration. 3.1.23 JPEG standards collection of ISO/IEC/ITU standards developed by the Joint Photographic Experts Group (3.1.22) for still imaging application as listed in Clause 2 3.1.24 JPEG systems common elements of a sys
32、tem layer for JPEG standards (3.1.23) 3.1.25 metadata additional data associated with the image data beyond the image data 3.1.26 pixel collection of sample (3.1.28) values in the spatial image domain having all the same sample coordinates EXAMPLE A pixel may consist of three samples describing its
33、red, green and blue value. 3.1.27 procedure set of steps which accomplishes one of the tasks which comprise an encoding (3.1.16) or decoding process (3.1.14) 3.1.28 sample one element in the two-dimensional image array which comprises a component (3.1.11) 3.1.29 s u pe rbo x box (3.1.2) that itself
34、contains a contiguous sequence of boxes, and only a contiguous sequence of boxes 3.2 A bbr e viat ed t erms ID identifier JP2 JPEG 2000 file format JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group JPIP JPEG 2000 interactive protocol JPX extended JPEG 2000 file format MJ2 motion JPEG 2000 file format ISO/IEC 20
35、16 All rights reserved 3 ISO/IEC TR 19566-2:2016(E) OSI open systems interconnection ROI region of interest XML extensible markup language 4 Conventions 4.1 Operators NOTE Many of the operators used in this document are similar to those used in the C programming language. 4.1.1 Arithmetic operators+
36、 Addition Subtraction (as a binary operator) or negation (as a unary prefix operator)* Multiplication/ Division without truncation or roundingsmod x smod a is the unique value y between (a-1)/2 and (a-1)/2 for which y + Na = x with a suitable integer Numod x umod a is the unique value y between 0 an
37、d a-1 for which y + Na = y with a suitable integer N 4.1.2 Logical operators| Logical OR& Logical AND! Logical NOT x A, B is defined as (x = A | x = B) x A, B is defined as (x != A & x != B) 4.1.3 Relational operators Greater than Greater than or equal to Less than Less than or equal to= Equal to!=
38、Not equal to 4.1.4 Precedence order of operators Operators are listed below in descending order of precedence. If several operators appear in the same line, they have equal precedence. When several operators of equal precedence appear at the same level 4 ISO/IEC 2016 All rights reserved ISO/IEC TR 1
39、9566-2:2016(E) in an expression, evaluation proceeds according to the associativity of the operator, either from right to left or from left to right.Operators Type of operation Associativity(), , . Expression Left to right Unary negation *, / Multiplication Left to rightumod, smod Modulo (remainder)
40、 Left to right+, Addition and Subtraction Left to right, , Relational Left to right 4.1.5 Mathematical functionsx Ceil of x. Returns the smallest integer that is greater than or equal to x.x Floor of x. Returns the largest integer that is lesser than or equal to x.|x| Absolute value. Is x for x max,
41、 or otherwise x.power(x, a) Raises the value of x to the power of a. x is a non-negative real number, a is a real number. Power(x,a) is equal to expa log(x) where exp is the exponential function and log() is the natural logarithm. If x is zero and a is positive, power(x,a) is defined to be zero. 5 G
42、eneral The purpose of this clause is to give an informative overview of the elements referred to in this document. Another purpose is to introduce many of the terms which are defined in Clause 3. These terms are printed in italics upon first usage in this clause. There are three elements referred to
43、 in this document. a) An encoder is an embodiment of an encoding process. An encoder takes as input digital source image data and encoder specifications, and by means of a specified set of procedures, generates as output a codestream. b) A decoder is an embodiment of a decoding process. A decoder ta
44、kes as input a codestream, and by means of a specified set of procedures, generates as output digital reconstructed image data. c) The codestream is a compressed image data representation which includes all necessary data to allow a (full or approximate) reconstruction of the sample values of a digi
45、tal image. Additional data might be required that define the interpretation of the sample data, such as colour space or the spatial dimensions of the samples. ISO/IEC 2016 All rights reserved 5 ISO/IEC TR 19566-2:2016(E) 6 Purpose of the document Rec. ITU-T T.808 | ISO/IEC 15444-9 standardizes metho
46、ds for partial access to codestream and image files, such that a partial representation of the latter is meaningful and can be decoded by a decoder. This document gives guidelines for design of future technical systems, compression standards and transmission formats such that partial access to image
47、s can be provided in a uniform manner based on the concepts and ideas of JPIP as defined in Rec. ITU-T T.808 | ISO/IEC 15444-9. Since not all applications are compatible with the needs of JPIP, these guidelines are informative, although system designers and compression experts are encouraged to foll
48、ow them whenever possible. The actual standardization of transmission formats and packaging rules is not part of this document and will take place in other documents. In order to achieve the purpose of the document, Clauses 7 to 11 give an overview about the use cases of JPIP and its system architec
49、ture, generic concepts and capabilities. Clauses 12 and 13 then summarize the preconditions for applicability of JPIP and explain concepts for achieving this compatibility. 7 Technical rationale Partial representation of image and metadata content Rec. ITU-T T.808 | ISO/IEC 15444-9 (JPIP) has been developed and standardized primarily to overcome the limitations of linear codestreams in addressing applications for the communication of compressed
