1、 Reference number ISO/IEC TR 29166:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 29166 First edition 2011-12-15Information technology Document description and processing languages Guidelines for translation between ISO/IEC 26300 and ISO/IEC 29500 document formats Technologies de linformation Descr
2、iption des documents et langages de traitement Lignes directrices pour la traduction des formats de document ISO/CEI 26300 et ISO/CEI 29500 ISO/IEC TR 29166:2011(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduce
3、d or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 0
4、1 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedISO/IEC TR 29166:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword vi Introduction . vii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 2 4 Ba
5、sic principles . 4 4.1 Structure of the report 4 4.1.1 Enterprise view 4 4.1.2 Computational view . 5 4.1.3 Information view 5 4.1.4 Engineering view . 5 4.1.5 Technical view . 5 4.2 Approach 6 5 Use cases . 8 5.1 Introduction 8 5.2 Word processing documents . 8 5.2.1 Empty document . 8 5.2.2 Simple
6、 text and paragraph formatting 10 5.2.3 Asian language support . 11 5.2.4 Line breaks in East Asian text . 14 5.2.5 Text direction . 16 5.2.6 Phonetic guide functions . 18 5.2.7 Tables and field functions 20 5.2.8 Footnotes and endnotes . 22 5.2.9 Itemization and numeration 24 5.2.10 Indices and tab
7、les of contents . 25 5.2.11 Metadata and settings . 26 5.2.12 Change tracking and collaboration support . 28 5.2.13 Bibliographies and optional document parts . 31 5.2.14 Sub documents and books 32 5.2.15 Forms 35 5.2.16 Vector graphics . 36 5.2.17 Font embedding and paper size 38 5.2.18 Font metric
8、s and font substitution 40 5.2.19 Document fields . 41 5.2.20 Inclusion of user defined XML . 43 5.2.21 Mathematical formulas 45 5.3 Spreadsheet documents . 46 5.3.1 Empty spreadsheet document . 46 5.3.2 Listing and structural features . 48 5.3.3 Formulas and calculation . 49 5.4 Presentation docume
9、nts. 51 5.4.1 Empty presentation document . 51 5.4.2 Simple text formatting . 52 5.4.3 Itemization and numeration 54 5.4.4 Positioning and layout 55 5.4.5 Slide blending and animation effects 57 5.4.6 Animations . 58 5.4.7 Comments 60 5.4.8 Multimedia content 62 ISO/IEC TR 29166:2011(E) iv ISO/IEC 2
10、011 All rights reserved5.4.9 Master layout 64 5.5 Common properties and mutual inclusion of documents .65 5.5.1 Hyperlinks between documents .65 5.5.2 Colours .67 5.5.3 Embedded spreadsheet documents 69 5.5.4 Simple text formatting and embedded documents 71 5.5.5 Embedded charts .73 6 Features and f
11、unctionality 74 6.1 Introduction 74 6.2 Word processing documents .75 6.2.1 Text formatting .75 6.2.2 Paragraph formatting 77 6.2.3 Header and footer 82 6.2.4 Tables 82 6.2.5 Itemization and numeration 84 6.2.6 Metadata language entries 86 6.2.7 Indices .86 6.2.8 Change tracking and collaborative fu
12、nctions .87 6.2.9 Bibliographies and optional document parts .88 6.3 Spreadsheet documents .89 6.3.1 Introduction 89 6.3.2 Formatting 89 6.3.3 Calculation 90 6.3.4 Additional properties .94 6.4 Presentation documents .95 6.4.1 Introduction 95 6.4.2 Slides 95 6.4.3 Text formatting .96 6.4.4 Master la
13、yout 97 6.5 Common aspects .98 6.5.1 Alternative presentations 98 6.5.2 Colour models 99 6.5.3 Custom XML parts 100 6.5.4 Packages . 100 7 Representation and XML structure . 102 7.1 Introduction . 102 7.2 Word processing documents 103 7.2.1 Logical structure . 103 7.2.2 Paragraphs 105 7.2.3 Styles .
14、 106 7.2.4 Tables . 107 7.2.5 Lists - Itemization and numeration . 111 7.2.6 Indices 112 7.2.7 Change tracking and collaboration support 115 7.2.8 Section and page layout 118 7.3 Spreadsheet documents 120 7.3.1 Logical structure . 120 7.3.2 Table contents . 121 7.3.3 Table style . 123 7.3.4 Formulas
15、 and calculation 124 7.3.5 Charts . 126 7.4 Presentation documents 128 7.4.1 Logical structure . 128 7.4.2 Text formatting 129 7.4.3 Master layout . 131 7.4.4 Animations 132 7.5 Summary 137 8 Translation . 137 ISO/IEC TR 29166:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved v8.1 Introduction 137 8.2 Transl
16、ation complexity . 137 8.3 Sample translations 139 8.3.1 Easy translation . 139 8.3.2 Moderate translation . 143 8.3.3 Difficult translations 149 8.4 Guidelines for evaluating translatability . 150 8.4.1 Translation fidelity . 151 8.4.2 Document interoperability 152 9 Examples and tools . 153 10 Con
17、clusion . 154 10.1 Resume . 155 Bibliography 156 ISO/IEC TR 29166:2011(E) vi ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National b
18、odies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Othe
19、r international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules
20、 given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires appro
21、val by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when the joint technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide to publish a Technic
22、al Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and shall be subject to review every five years in the same manner as an International Standard. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not
23、 be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC TR 29166 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 34, Document description and processing languages. ISO/IEC TR 29166:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved viiIntrod
24、uction OASIS Open Document Format ODF 1.0 (ISO/IEC 26300) and Office Open XML (ISO/IEC 29500) are both open document formats for saving and exchanging word processing documents, spreadsheets and presentations. Both formats are XML based but differ in design and scope. OASIS ODF 1.0 was published by
25、OASIS as an OASIS standard in May 2005. The second edition of ODF 1.0 has been published by OASIS as a committee specification in July 2006 and accepted as an International Standard by ISO (ISO/IEC 26300) in December 2006. Office Open XML was first approved in December 2006 by the ECMA International
26、 General Assembly as ECMA-376. An updated version was published in November 2008 by ISO (ISO/IEC 29500). The corresponding version, ECMA-376 2 ndedition, was published in December 2008. This Technical Report addresses both developers seeking to implement either the OpenDocument or the Office Open XM
27、L International Standard and template designers and other power users whose competences cut across the spectrum of XML and XML-related technologies which directly or remotely deal with one or both of the two International Standards. This Technical Report will be of great assistance to those seeking
28、to exchange documents between formats, to extract data from or import data into documents, or to write applications supporting the two formats. This Technical Report aims at analysing the two International Standards and their underlying concepts in terms of interoperability issues for a selected set
29、 of features. It analyses the way these features are implemented in both International Standards and estimates the degree of translatability between them using a table-based comparison. This Technical Report serves as a preliminary technical translation guideline for evaluating translatability betwe
30、en certain parts of the two International Standards. It does not compare different implementations which can cause additional kinds of interoperability problems. Both Office Open XML and OpenDocument formats are basically descriptions of schemas used for word processing documents, spreadsheets and p
31、resentations created by office application suites. Both are open formats. A key design objective is to guarantee long-term access to data without the legal or technical barriers associated with proprietary binary formats. XML schema definitions are normative parts of both International Standards. Ma
32、nipulating documents is fundamentally facilitated by separating a documents layout from its content. Editing the layout and data components independently of one another affords considerable flexibility in creating and editing office documents. Defining the structure and content of documents has been
33、 the focus of both International Standards. A documents layout is ultimately governed by the implementation of the office suite, in particular by the rendering engine. Thus, as depicted in Figure 1, using exactly the same standard to describe a document does not guarantee that different office suite
34、s will produce identical layouts. Consequently, this Technical Report focuses more on the definition of guidelines for the translation of document structure, content and presentation instructions than on the preservation of document layout. In this Technical Report the two International Standards wi
35、ll be examined in their universality and not by comparing specific implementations such as Microsoft Office or OpenOffice.org/LibreOffice. For this reason, various examples have been developed using a simple XML editor which supports both standards. The names of specific implementations may be used
36、in the use cases to illustrate the real world scenario behind the use case. The figures in this Technical Report are created for illustration purposes, using available tools such as OpenOffice 3.* and Microsoft Office 2010. It should not be assumed that the current versions of these implementations
37、support all the features needed to implement the use case, especially the document standards and the translation between them. Several use cases do not mention existing tools, but rather use abstract names such as document format A (DF-A) and document format B (DF-B). This Technical Report begins wi
38、th a presentation of typical use cases characterizing scenarios where specific features supported by both document formats are used. It then analyses the most important features of one ISO/IEC TR 29166:2011(E) viii ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserveddocument format and shows how those features can best
39、 be represented in the other format. It then reviews the concepts and various features of the two document formats in order to provide a good understanding of the formats common features and especially their differences. Most features can be translated to the other format with varying degrees of fid
40、elity. For the most important features, this Technical Report provides detailed information on the implementation of the feature and the extents to which that feature can be translated, including typical translation rules. Finally, an overview summing up the most important results and deriving guide
41、lines for the translation between both formats concludes this Technical Report. The following abbreviations are used throughout this Technical Report: ODF, which stands for OpenDocument Format (ISO/IEC 26300:2006); OOXML, which stands for Office Open XML (ISO/IEC 29500:2008). It is hoped that this T
42、echnical Report will be useful in understanding how the ODF and OOXML International Standards compare and how their functionality can be mapped between the two formats. It is a necessary step to the goal of helping achieve interoperability and harmonization between the two formats. History of ODF an
43、d OOXML ODF was originally developed by Sun Microsystems between 2000 and 2002 with the following objective: “To create as a community, the leading international office suite that will run on all major platforms and provide access to all functionality and data through open-component based APIs and a
44、n XML-based file format.” 1In 2002, the standardization process was initiated at OASIS, and in 2005 the standard was published as OASIS Open Document Format for Office Applications, abbreviated as OpenDocument or ODF. In 2006, Open Document Format for Office Applications v.1.0 became an ISO Internat
45、ional Standard (ISO/IEC 26300). Open Document Format for Office Applications v.1.1 has been published by OASIS as an OASIS standard in February 2007. At the time of writing (June 2011) Version 1.2 has been released as a Committee Specification 1.0. While version 1.0 of the ODF standard only consists
46、 of one part, the current version is structured into three parts: core, formulas, and packages. Microsoft followed suit in 2006 via the Open Specification Promise (OSP 2 ) by opening the format of its 2007 version of the Microsoft office suite (version 12) for which it also uses XML as an exchange a
47、nd storage format. OOXML is a file format originally developed by Microsoft as a successor to its earlier Office 2003 file formats. It is used for representing spreadsheet, presentation and word processing documents. In 2006 Office Open XML became an ECMA standard (ECMA-376, 1 stedition). In 2008, a
48、 revised version of ECMA-376 became an ISO International Standard (ISO/IEC 29500:2008), which has its equivalent in the ECMA-376, 2 ndedition. ISO/IEC 29500 is structured into four parts, each of which contains normative as well as informative material: Fundamentals and Markup Language Reference, Op
49、en Packaging Conventions, Markup Compatibility and Extensibility, and Transitional Migration Features. At the time of writing (June 2011) the following corrigenda and amendments have been published: ISO/IEC 29500-1:2008/Cor.1:2010, ISO/IEC 29500-2:2008/Cor.1:2010, ISO/IEC 29500-3:2008/ Cor.1:2010 and ISO/IEC 29500-4:2008/Cor.1:2010, containing minor technical corrections and editorial modifications; ISO/IEC 29500-1:2008/Amd.1:2010 and ISO/IEC 29500-4:2008/Amd.1:2010, containing namespace changes and modifications concerning the usage of pe
