1、 Reference number ISO/TR 12204:2012(E) ISO 2012TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 12204 First edition 2012-11-15 Road vehicles Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems Introduction to integrating safety critical and time critical warning signals Vhicules routiers Aspects ergonomiques des
2、systmes dinformation et de contrle du transport Introduction lintgration des signaux davertissement critiques en termes de scurit et de temps ISO/TR 12204:2012(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or u
3、tilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 F
4、ax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2012 All rights reservedISO/TR 12204:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword .v Introductionvi 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Abbreviated terms .4 5 Warn
5、ing signals and situation where a warning signal is presented 4 5.1 Classification of warning signals 4 5.1.1 Background4 5.1.2 Criticality 5 5.1.3 Urgency 5 5.1.4 Duration of signal 6 5.1.5 Direction of hazard 6 5.2 Hazard perception by drivers.6 5.2.1 Background6 5.2.2 Visible and detected by the
6、driver .7 5.2.3 Visible but not detected by the driver .7 5.2.4 Not readily perceptible to the driver7 5.3 Description of vehicle systems that signal the driver .7 5.3.1 Systems requiring time critical and safety critical response .7 5.3.2 Systems requiring time critical, but not safety critical res
7、ponse 8 5.3.3 Systems requiring safety critical, but not time critical response.8 5.3.4 Systems requiring neither safety critical, nor time critical response8 5.4 Possible driver responses8 5.4.1 Background8 5.4.2 Preparation.9 5.4.3 Responses .9 6 Discussion of integration vs. prioritization 9 6.1
8、Background9 6.2 Prioritization.10 6.3 Integration 10 6.4 Relationship of integration and prioritization.10 7 Issues for integration: Distinguishability and comprehensibility .11 7.1 Background11 7.2 Distinguishability.11 7.3 Comprehensibility .11 8 Situations where warning integration is needed12 8.
9、1 Background12 8.2 Warning signals sharing the same sensory modality .12 8.3 Warning signals in close spatial proximity.12 8.4 Warning signals with same characteristics12 8.5 Frequent vs. infrequent warning signal presentation .13 8.6 Multiple warning signals that are presented simultaneously or in
10、close temporal proximity.13 9 Tools for warning signals integration .13 9.1 Background13 9.2 Threshold adjustment.13 ISO/TR 12204:2012(E) iv ISO 2012 All rights reserved9.3 Establish modes 13 9.4 Establish distinguishability 14 9.4.1 Spatial distinguishability 14 9.4.2 Temporal distinguishability 14
11、 9.4.3 Distinguishability by other warning signal characteristics.14 9.5 Use of common warning signals to indicate different hazards from the same direction 14 10 Identification and evaluation methods 15 10.1 Background15 10.2 Procedure to identify integration needs15 10.3 Timely Comprehension Metho
12、d .15 10.4 Appropriate Response Method 15 Annex A (informative) Procedure for assessing integration needs.16 Annex B (informative) Timely Comprehension Methodology.37 Annex C (informative) Appropriate Response Methodology45 Bibliography 49 ISO/TR 12204:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved vForeword
13、ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
14、committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of elect
15、rotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the
16、member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standar
17、d (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful. At
18、tention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 12204 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 13, Ergonomi
19、cs applicable to road vehicles. ISO/TR 12204:2012(E) vi ISO 2012 All rights reservedIntroduction This Technical Report supplements the information provided in ISO/TR 16352 “MMI of warning systems in vehicles” and specifically addresses the topic of warning signal integration in automobiles. This Tec
20、hnical Report contains a mixture of general guidance information where technical consensus supports such guidance, as well as discussion of those areas where further research is required to support technical consensus. It should be noted, however, that the general guidance contained in this Technica
21、l Report is informative, rather than normative, in nature. The HMI of warning interfaces for stand-alone active safety systems is not standardized. Recently, “Guidelines on establishing requirements for higher-priority warning signals” is being developed by the UNECE/WP29/ITS Informal Group. There a
22、re, however, many different interfaces used on production vehicles. The integration of multiple stand-alone warning systems requires consideration of basic properties of the interface such as modality, timing, and redundancy. This can lead to complex trade-offs for the system designer. It may well b
23、e that over time the industry and/or governmental regulators will converge on common specifications for warning interfaces for stand-alone warning systems. It should also be noted that a key underlying assumption for the purposes of this Technical Report is that each of the stand-alone warning syste
24、m signals to be integrated has been previously validated in terms of effectiveness and acceptability. Therefore, any changes to a particular warning signal that may be suggested by evaluating the integration of multiple warning signals into a coherent HMI are intended to address an integration issue
25、, only, and not to compensate for any deficiency that may be present in the design of one or more underlying stand-alone warning/systems. Poorly integrated warning signals may not be noticed or could be misunderstood, confused, or ignored and could potentially impair system performance causing the d
26、river to respond too slowly, inappropriately or not at all. Poor integration could limit the safety benefits of the warning system. TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 12204:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1Road vehicles Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems Introduction to integra
27、ting safety critical and time critical warning signals 1 Scope This Technical Report provides general, informative guidance for the integration of safety critical and time critical warning signals (signals which, if ignored even briefly, could result in bodily harm to the occupant(s) of the vehicle
28、and/or to other road users) into existing in-vehicle messages presented to a driver. Integration of non-critical signals are outside the scope of this Technical Report, except to confirm that they do not affect the drivers comprehension of safety and time critical signals. This Technical Report prov
29、ides: 1) possible approaches for determining if integration is necessary to mitigate the possibility that signals from one or more vehicle system may degrade the drivers comprehension of, or response to, safety critical warning signals from another system(s); and 2) a discussion of possible methods
30、for assessing potential integration conflicts. It does not provide prescriptive guidance in how to design an integrated warning HMI. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
31、 For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Not applicable. 3 Terms and definitions 3.1 abstract visual signal simple figure such as circle or square that has no clear meaning 3.2 active safety warning system system incorporating sensors
32、 to detect potential hazards that communicate a warning signal to the driver so that a hazard may be avoided by driver intervention ISO/TR 12204:2012(E) 2 ISO 2012 All rights reserved3.3 auditory icon auditory signal that represents an event or action without using verbal expression NOTE This audito
33、ry signal can be a synthesized sound that gives the impression of a specific event or a recorded sound from everyday life. 3.4 ambient noise sensory stimulus that is not relevant to the specific task of the driver in the vehicles environment NOTE This can include sound emanating from inside and outs
34、ide the vehicle (auditory noise), reflection of sunlight, glare from headlights of surrounding vehicles (visual noise), and vibration from the vehicle (haptic noise). 3.5 comprehensibility characteristic of a signal enabling the driver to understand the meaning of the signal in the context in which
35、it is provided 3.6 criticality level classification of severity of the collision 3.7 distinguishability characteristic of the warning signal to be perceived by the driver when two or more signals share the same sensory mode, or are presented in close temporal within the driving environment 3.8 event
36、 significant occurrence in the driving environment of a subject vehicle/driver 3.9 human machine interface controls and displays that allow a human to interact with a manufactured device or system 3.10 integration incorporation and organization of multiple devices or systems into a unified, coherent
37、 HMI, ensuring that all warning signals can be understood independently of when or how they are presented (individually or simultaneously) when present in the vehicle 3.11 priority relative importance of two or more messages or signals NOTE For warning signals, priority level can be obtained from cr
38、iticality and urgency levels of a signal. 3.12 response time time period from the onset of a warning signal to the point at which the driver starts to perform a vehicle control action EXAMPLE The time from the onset of a forward vehicle collision warning system signal to when the driver starts to de
39、press the brake pedal. ISO/TR 12204:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 33.13 safety critical signal signal that is intended to warn a driver in time for corrective action to be taken to prevent vehicle damage or personal injuries NOTE There are four levels of criticality, categorized based on occu
40、pant (both in the vehicle and on the road) injury and vehicle damage defined in ISO/TS16951. The four levels are: Criticality level 3, severe or fatal injury to occupants; Criticality level 2, injury or possible injury to occupants; Criticality level 1, no injury to occupants but with damage to vehi
41、cle involved; and Criticality level 0, neither injury to occupant nor damage to any vehicle. “Safety critical signal” defined here pertains only to criticality levels 3 and 2. 3.14 scenario driving events and situations experienced by a driver 3.15 signal visual, auditory, or haptic stimulus informa
42、tion produced by an in-vehicle system or an on-road system for the purposes of communicating driving-related information to the driver NOTE Signals include both warning and non-warning signals. 3.16 symbol visually perceptible figure used to convey information independently of language, produced by
43、drawing, printing, or other means. ISO 2575:2010, definition 3.1 3.17 system integrator person(s) responsible for integration of a warning device or systems in a vehicle HMI 3.18 time critical signal signal with high urgency level that requires drivers response to an imminent event measurable within
44、 ten seconds NOTE Time critical signal may or may not pertain to a warning event. There are four levels of urgency, categorized based on how fast the driver needs to respond to the warning signal. The four levels are: Urgency level 3, respond immediately (within zero to 3 sec); Urgency level 2, resp
45、ond within a few seconds (3 to 10 sec); Urgency level 1, response preparations (take action or decision within 10 sec to 2 min); Urgency level 0, information only (ISO/TS 16951). “Time critical signal” defined here pertains only to criticality level 3 and 2. EXAMPLE Signal that informs a driver of a
46、n unsafe closing distance to an object in the vehicles path which requires braking or evasive steering less than 10 sec. 3.19 tone simple sound or mixture of simple sounds with fixed frequency ISO/TR 12204:2012(E) 4 ISO 2012 All rights reservedNOTE Tone includes continuous sound and intermittent sou
47、nd. 3.20 urgency level classification of the time within which driver action or decision has to be taken if the benefit intended by the system is to be derived from the signal 3.21 voice message signal with identifiable spoken terms 3.22 warning event object, obstacle, or event in the driving enviro
48、nment that is likely to cause harm if ignored 3.23 warning signal signal that is both safety critical and time critical indicating a warning event NOTE Warning signals always pertain to risk of personal injury or death and do not include things such as navigation instructions that might also require
49、 the driver to take an action within a set time period. 4 Abbreviated terms ACC Adaptive cruise control system CSW Curve speed warning system FCW Forward collision warning HMI Human machine interface HUD Head up display LCM Lane change/merging warning system 5 Warning signals and situation where a warning signal is presented 5.1 Classification of warning signals 5.1.1 Background Signals in a vehicle may communicate with the driver through auditory, visual, or haptic modalities. The signals that are candida
