1、 ISO 2012 Further clarification of ISO 28580 Prcisions concernant lISO 28580 TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 16377 First edition 2012-07-15 Reference number ISO/TR 16377:2012(E) ISO/TR 16377:2012(E) ii ISO 2012 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise s
2、pecified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright offic
3、e Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO/TR 16377:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 General . 1 3 Clause 3, Terms and definitions 1
4、 3.1 Additional definition: candidate machine . 1 3.2 Definition 3.13: deviation of alignment tyre . 1 4 Clause 6, Test conditions 1 4.1 Subclause 6.2, Table 1, and subclause 6.4, Table 2 . 1 4.2 Subclause 6.4, Table 2 1 5 Clause 7, Test procedure . 2 5.1 Subclause 7.4, Table 3 2 5.2 Subclause 7.6.2
5、, Note 1 . 2 5.3 Subclause 7.6.3, list item a) 2 6 Subclause 8.1, Determination of parasitic loss . 2 7 Subclause 10.2, Conditions for reference machine, and subclause 10.3, Conditions for candidate machine 3 ISO/TR 16377:2012(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a
6、 worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represente
7、d on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are draf
8、ted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Sta
9、ndard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simpl
10、e majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements
11、 of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 16377 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 31, Tyres, rims and valves. iv ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO/TR 16377:2012(E) Introduction ISO 28580, Pas
12、senger car, truck and bus tyres Methods of measuring rolling resistance Single point test and correlation of measurement results, was published in 2009. During the approval process, several suggestions were made for clarification which were supported by ISO/TC 31/WG 6 and are included in this Techni
13、cal Report. ISO 2012 All rights reserved v Further clarification of ISO 28580 1 Scope This Technical Report seeks to document elements of clarification to ISO 28580:2009 where consensus exists. Other suggestions for clarification will demand further work and consensus building and are not included i
14、n this Technical Report. Although it is expected that these clarifications will be adopted in future revisions to ISO 28580, they are intended only as guidance for the user. 2 General The meaning of terms “larger truck and bus tyres” and “smaller truck and bus tyres” is not clear. It is proposed tha
15、t the terms “larger” and “smaller”, as used in these phrases, be removed, and that the Load Index (LI) reference be used to distinguish these tyre sizes, so that smaller truck and bus tyres are those with LI 121 and larger truck and bus tyres are those with LI 121. 3 Clause 3, Terms and definitions
16、3.1 Additional definition: candidate machine A term and definition should be added as follows: candidate machine machine intended to measure new test tyres, with alignment to a reference machine, in accordance with ISO 28580 3.2 Definition 3.13: deviation of alignment tyre The definition should read
17、: “difference in terms of time compared with the mean rolling resistance coefficient results for a given alignment tyre with the appropriate number of repetitions, after correction for any machine drift”. 4 Clause 6, Test conditions 4.1 Subclause 6.2, Table 1, and subclause 6.4, Table 2 In Tables 1
18、and 2, clarify the column heading “Truck and bus” by replacing “Truck and bus” with “Truck and bus (including C, LT)” in each case. 4.2 Subclause 6.4, Table 2 Footnote a in Table 2 is related to pressure, not load. It should therefore be removed from the value 80 under the column headings “Standard
19、load” and “Reinforced or extra load” and the footnote reference “ a ” added to the row heading “Inflation pressure”. To be consistent with ISO 4000-1 and 4209-1, the load capacity should be clearly indicated as a tyre load, by wording such as: “maximum single-tyre load-carrying capacity” (in Table 2
20、, including footnotes b and c). A footnote d should be added to the column heading “Truck and bus” which reads: “If there are multiple values given, the highest load and pressure should be selected, not taking into account additional service markings which may exist in a circle.”. TECHNICAL REPORT I
21、SO/TR 16377:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1 ISO/TR 16377:2012(E) 5 Clause 7, Test procedure 5.1 Subclause 7.4, Table 3 In Table 3, clarify the column heading “Truck and bus” by replacing “Truck and bus” with “Truck and bus (including C, LT)” in each case. 5.2 Subclause 7.6.2, Note 1 For clari
22、ty, add a sentence at the end of this note which reads: “For the force method, the measured value includes the bearing and aerodynamic losses of the wheel and the tyre.”. 5.3 Subclause 7.6.3, list item a) For completeness, the sentence under list item a) should read: “Remove the tyre from the test s
23、urface while running at a speed greater than the test speed.”. 6 Subclause 8.1, Determination of parasitic loss For clarity, the parameters of parasitic loss should be distinguished from those of rolling resistance. Using subscripted “p” to indicate “parasitic” in subclauses 8.1.2, 8.1.3 and 8.1.4 (
24、reproduced below) would clarify the intended meaning. 8.1.2 Force method at tyre spindle The parasitic losses, F pl , expressed in newtons, are calculated by means of Formula (1): FF r R pl tp Lp 1(1) where F tpis the tyre spindle force, in newtons (see 7.6.2); r Lpis the distance from the tyre axis
25、 to the drum outer surface under steady-state conditions, in metres; R is the test drum radius, in metres. 8.1.3 Torque method at drum axis The parasitic losses, F pl , expressed in newtons, are calculated by means of Formula (2): F T R pl tp (2) where T tpis the input torque, expressed, in newton-m
26、etres (see 7.6.2); R is the test drum radius, expressed in metres. 2 ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO/TR 16377:2012(E) 8.1.4 Power method at drum axis The parasitic losses, F pl , expressed in newtons, are calculated by means of Formula (3): F VA U pl pp n 36 ,(3) where V pis the electrical potentia
27、l applied to the machine drive, expressed in volts; A pis the electric current drawn by the machine drive, expressed in amperes; U nis the test drum speed, expressed in kilometres per hour. 7 Subclause 10.2, Conditions for reference machine, and subclause 10.3, Condi- tions for candidate machine Cla
28、rifications to subclauses 10.2 and 10.3 are shown below in bold type. 10.2 Conditions for reference machine 10.2.1 The laboratory operating the reference machine shall comply with either ISO/TS 16949 or ISO/IEC 17025. 10.2.2 Monitoring of the reference machine laboratory control tyre shall be carrie
29、d out at intervals no greater than one month. Monitoring shall include a minimum of three separate measurements taken during this one- month period. The averaged value and standard deviation ( ) of the three measurements taken during a given one-month period shall be evaluated for machine drift and
30、repeatability from one monthly evaluation to another. The reference machine maintains a value of 0,05 N/kN using the control tyre. 10.2.3 The laboratory shall ensure that, based on a minimum of three measurements, the reference machine maintains a value of m 0,05 N/kN. This may be done using the ali
31、gnment tyres (as specified in 10.5.2). 10.3 Conditions for candidate machine 10.3.1 The laboratory operating the candidate machine shall comply with either ISO/TS 16949 or ISO/IEC 17025. 10.3.2 Monitoring of the candidate machine laboratory control tyre shall be carried out at intervals no greater t
32、han one month. Monitoring shall include a minimum of three separate measurements taken during this one- month period. The averaged value and standard deviation ( ) of the three measurements taken during a given one-month period shall be evaluated for machine drift and repeatability from one monthly
33、evaluation to another. The candidate machine maintains the standard deviation ( ) using a control tyre not greater than m , measured by alignment procedure. 10.3.3 The laboratory shall ensure that, based on a minimum of three measurements, the candidate machine maintains the following values of m ,
34、as measured using alignment tyres: m 0,075 N/kN for passenger car and small truck and bus tyres (LI 121); m 0,060 N/kN for larger truck and bus tyres (LI 121). ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3 ISO/TR 16377:2012(E) If the above requirement for mis not met, the formula specified in Formula (13) shall be
35、 applied to determine the minimum number of measurements, n (rounded to the immediate superior integer value), that are required by the candidate machine to qualify for conformance with this International Standard. n x m 2(13) where x = 0,075 for passenger car and small truck and bus tyres (LI 121); x = 0,060 for larger truck and bus tyres (LI 121). 4 ISO 2012 All rights reservedISO/TR 16377:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved ICS 83.160.01 Price based on 4 pages
