1、 Reference number ISO/TR 24699:2009(E) ISO 2009TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 24699 First edition 2009-05-01 Rubber and rubber products Environmental aspects General guidelines for their inclusion in standards Caoutchouc et produits base de caoutchouc Aspects lis lenvironnement Lignes directrices gnrales p
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6、t permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All right
7、s reservedISO/TR 24699:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 2 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Inclusion of environmental aspects in standards . 3 4.1 General. 3 4.2 Test method standards 4 4.2.1 General. 4 4.2.2 Minimization of adverse
8、environmental impact. 4 4.2.3 Minimization of the use of materials and energy 4 4.3 Product standards 5 4.3.1 General. 5 4.3.2 Product functionality 5 4.3.3 Environmental aspects in product standards . 5 4.3.4 Writers of standards. 5 Annex A (normative) Suggested wording of environmental statements
9、for inclusion in standards 6 Annex B (normative) Potential environmental needs of standards users . 8 Bibliography . 9 ISO/TR 24699:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO mem
10、ber bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmen
11、tal and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Direc
12、tives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodi
13、es casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a T
14、echnical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO
15、shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 24699 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products. TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 24699:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1 Rubber and rubber products Environmental aspects General guideline
16、s for their inclusion in standards 1 Scope This Technical Report provides guidelines for inclusion of environmental aspects in standards for rubber and rubber products. It proposes an approach which is directed at minimizing any adverse environmental impact of the products under consideration withou
17、t detracting from the primary purpose of ensuring their adequate fitness for use. It closely follows the guidelines laid down in ISO 17422, with certain modifications to make it applicable to rubber and rubber products. The guidance provided by this Technical Report is intended primarily for use by
18、standards writers. Over and above its primary purpose, however, the Technical Report provides guidance of value to those involved in design work and other activities where the environmental aspects of rubber and rubber products are being considered. It promotes the use of renewable, recycled and rec
19、yclable materials when environmentally beneficial and includes guidance on compliance with legislation concerning the end-of-life treatment of rubber products and the management of restricted and prohibited substances. NOTE This Technical Report is intended to promote the following practices: a) the
20、 use of techniques for identifying and assessing the environmental impact of technical provisions in standards, and for minimizing their adverse effects; b) the adoption of good practices such as: 1) environmentally sound procedures for the harvesting and production of raw materials, 2) procedures f
21、or minimizing environmental pollution during the life cycle of the product, 3) material and energy conservation during the service life of the product, 4) ensuring safety in the use of hazardous substances, 5) the use of technically justifiable procedures, 6) encouraging the use of performance crite
22、ria, rather than exclusion clauses such as are based, for example, only on chemical composition; c) paying due regard during standards development to environmental impact, product function and performance, health and safety, and regulatory requirements pertaining to end-of-life product disposal and
23、the use of restricted substances; d) the regular review of existing standards in the light of technical innovations permitting improvement in the environmental impact of products; e) the application of life cycle analytical approaches wherever applicable and technically justifiable; f) the use of bo
24、th recyclable and recycled materials in the construction of rubber products when environmentally beneficial and technically and economically justifiable; g) the use of designs and constructions that facilitate the disassembly of rubber products for recycling at the end of their service life when env
25、ironmentally beneficial and technically and economically justifiable; h) the use of materials derived from renewable and sustainable resources in rubber and rubber products when environmentally beneficial and technically and economically justifiable. ISO/TR 24699:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserv
26、ed2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO Guide 64, Guide for
27、addressing environmental issues in product standards ISO 1382, Rubber Vocabulary ISO 1629, Rubber and latices Nomenclature ISO 17422:2002, Plastics Environmental aspects General guidelines for their inclusion in standards ISO 18064, Thermoplastic elastomers Nomenclature and abbreviated terms 3 Terms
28、 and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 design a creative activity that, based on expressed or implied needs, existing means and technological possibilities, results in the definition of technical solutions for a product that can be commerci
29、ally manufactured or fabricated into prototypes 3.2 eco-profile partial life cycle inventory analysis beginning at the raw-material extraction phase and ending at the point where the rubber or rubber product (see 3.8) is ready for transfer to the next operator in the supply chain (so-called cradle-t
30、o-gate analysis) 3.3 environmental aspect element of an organizations activities or products or services that can interact with the environment ISO 14001:2004 3.4 environmental impact any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organizations en
31、vironmental aspects ISO 14001:2004 3.5 environmental provision normative element of a standard that specifies measures for minimizing adverse environmental impact of a test method, material or product 3.6 life cycle consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisitio
32、n or generation from natural resources to the final disposal ISO 14040:2006 ISO/TR 24699:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 3 3.7 life cycle assessment LCA compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle ISO 14040:
33、2006 3.8 rubber or rubber product any material or combination of materials, semi-finished product or finished product that is within the scope of ISO/TC 45 3.9 test method standard standard that describes in detail the method of test to be employed to determine specific properties or performance cha
34、racteristics of a material or product 3.10 product standard standard that specifies requirements to be fulfilled by a product or group of products 3.11 renewable materials materials that have been produced from a source, usually plant or animal biomass, that can be renewed by short- to medium-term r
35、egeneration 3.12 recycled materials materials that have been recovered, or otherwise diverted, from the waste stream, either from the manufacturing process i.e. post-industrial recycled materials, but not in-house scrap (see 3.13) or after consumer use (i.e. post-consumer recycled materials), and ar
36、e reused in the manufacture of new products 3.13 in-house scrap materials commonly reused by industry within the original manufacturing process as normal practice NOTE In-house scrap is not recycled material. 3.14 recyclable material material for which an economically and technically feasible recycl
37、ing method exists NOTE Such methods include segregation from the waste stream and subsequent processing. 4 Inclusion of environmental aspects in standards 4.1 General In the preparation of International Standards, close co-ordination within and among the subcommittees and working groups responsible
38、for different rubbers, rubber products or processes is necessary in order to create a coherent approach to the incorporation of environmental provisions. Appropriate co-ordination will ensure that such activity on environmental provisions will neither retard nor inhibit the normal standards developm
39、ent process. Any plan to prepare a new standard or to revise an existing standard with the inclusion of environmental provisions should define, as far as possible, both the purpose of the standard and its expected major users. This exercise will help to determine how the standard is likely to be use
40、d, for example for quality control or for conformity assessment, to identify the relevant environmental aspects and to assess the users level of expertise, needs and expectations. ISO/TR 24699:2009(E) 4 ISO 2009 All rights reservedStandards should be drafted with a view to providing provisions which
41、 eliminate or reduce any identified environmental hazards, and, where possible, these provisions should be expressed in terms of verifiable preventive measures. Requirements for preventive measures should be expressed precisely, clearly and with technical accuracy, and requirements for verification
42、should also be clearly stated. Whenever appropriate, the standard should state what environmentally relevant information has to be provided to persons involved with the product or process. Use should be made of terminology as defined in ISO 1382. This Technical Report additionally includes environme
43、ntal terms. 4.2 Test method standards 4.2.1 General International standards for the testing of rubber and rubber products should also provide scope for the application of ISO Guide 64 by drawing attention to the importance of product sustainability issues, such as resource conservation and pollution
44、 prevention. Where such issues are already being addressed, this fact should be brought to the attention of the users of the standards by means of a statement within the text of the standard. Standards writers should take this into account whenever existing standards are being revised or new ones ar
45、e being prepared. To avoid unnecessary proliferation of tests, standards writers should consider combining, or selecting between, similar test methods that are used for measuring identical properties. 4.2.2 Minimization of adverse environmental impact When test method standards are being written or
46、revised, their associated environmental impact should be evaluated; test equipment and procedures should be reviewed to minimize adverse environmental impact. Such reviews should not in any way compromise the fitness for purpose of the test apparatus or procedure. Once a new test standard with reduc
47、ed adverse environmental impact has been developed in replacement of an existing procedure, it should be validated and, thereafter, the existing test standard withdrawn. The following considerations apply: a) Any substance, specified in a standard, that becomes the subject of well-founded environmen
48、tal concern should include the relevant clauses taken from the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Whenever possible, such a substance should be replaced by a substance with less adverse environmental impact. Even when this is done, an effort should continue to be made to reduce not only
49、the environmental but also the health impact of the substance which has replaced the previous one. b) Some test method standards may of necessity call for the use of substances that could represent an environmental hazard. In such cases, the standard should include introductory warning statements such as those given in Annex A, Subclause A.2.2. This should be followed, at the appropriate place in the standard, by a specific warning statement such as that given in Annex A, Subclause A.2.3. c) The substance should be
