1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Railway applications - Rolling stock - Requirements for non-destructive testing on running gear in railway maintenancePart 1: WheelsetsBS EN 169101:2018National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of
2、EN 169101:2018. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RAE/3/1, Railway Applications Wheels and Wheelsets.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the neces
3、sary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 80449 6ICS 45.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was p
4、ublished under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 169101:2018EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 16910-1April 2018ICS 45.040EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZ
5、ATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGCEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2018 CEN Ref. No. EN 169101:2018: EAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national MembersRailway applications Rolling stock R
6、equirements for nondestructive testing on running gear in railway maintenance Part 1: WheelsetsApplications ferroviaires Matriel roulant Exigences pour les essais non destructifs sur les organes de roulement lors de la maintenance ferroviaire Partie 1: EssieuxBahnanwendungen Schienenfahrzeuge Anford
7、erungen an die zerstrungsfreie Prfung an Fahrwerken in der Instandhaltung Teil 1: RadstzeThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 January 2018.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status
8、 of a national standard without any alteration. Uptodate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).
9、 A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyp
10、rus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and U
11、nited Kingdom.English VersionEN 16910-1:2018 (E)European foreword 4Introduction . 5Introduction of new NDT techniques . 61 Scope . 82 Normative references 83 Terms and definitions . 84 Requirements for NDT personnel 104.1 General 104.2 Training 104.2.1 Training contents for Wheelsets . 104.2.2 Indus
12、trial experience 114.3 Examination for levels 1 and 2 . 114.3.1 General examination 114.3.2 Specific examination in wheelsets .124.3.3 Practical examination in wheelsets 124.3.4 Grading of the level 1 and level 2 competencies134.4 Specific requirements to operate as a Level 3 wheelsets 144.5 Validat
13、ion of competences . 144.6 Requirements for the training centre . 144.7 Requirements for the trainer . 144.8 Authorization to operate . 144.8.1 General principle 144.8.2 Validity of authorization . 154.8.3 Maintenance of authorization . 155 In-service and off-vehicle NDT requirements for maintenance
14、 .155.1 General principles . 155.2 Detection of defects by NDT . 165.2.1 General. 165.2.2 Defects . 175.3 Traceability of maintenance results 175.3.1 General. 175.3.2 Traceability requirement for the examination report 185.3.3 Traceability storage time . 186 Requirements for NDT procedures and instr
15、uctions for wheelsets 186.1 NDT procedures 186.2 NDT instructions 196.3 Validation and approval of NDT documents . 206.3.1 Validation of NDT instructions . 206.3.2 Approval of NDT procedures 207 Requirements for NDT equipment207.1 Authorization of use of NDT equipment 207.1.1 Scope . 207.1.2 Recomme
16、ndations .217.1.3 Requirements 217.1.4 Authorisation of use document 217.1.5 Maintenance of equipment 219 Requirements for the NDT facilities 2110 Visual acuity .22Annex A (informative) Processes to acquire competencies for levels 1, 2 and 3 in wheelsets .232Contents PageBS EN 169101:2018EN 16910-1:
17、2018 (E)Annex B (normative) Training content for specific knowledge of wheelsets for Levels 1 and 2 in MT, ET and UT 24Annex C (informative) NDT equipment verification management plan .27Annex D (informative) Examples for common indications 28Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European
18、 Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC aimed to be covered 34Bibliography .36 ISO ISO pubdate year All rights reserved 3BS EN 169101:2018EN 16910-1:2018 (E)European forewordThis document (EN 16910-1:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway appli
19、cations”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2018.
20、Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the Europe
21、an Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC.For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.According to the CENCENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
22、following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlan
23、ds, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.4BS EN 169101:2018EN 16910-1:2018 (E)IntroductionFor many years, non-destructive testing (NDT) has been used as a part of the maintenance system on European networks to contro
24、l the influence of in-service condition on safety-relevant assembly groups, components and parts in order to ensure that the inspected entity treated will be used inservice in a safe condition.The maintenance standard (EN 15313 wheelsets maintenance) requires appropriately trained and capable person
25、nel undertaking these NDT maintenance tasks (see EN ISO 9712:2012).The purpose of this document is to describe the necessary requirements on NDT additional to the existing standards to promote safety, interoperability and cross acceptance.The maintenance plan for wheelsets should ensure safe operati
26、on of railway vehicles at the right cost. It deals with wear, unexpected damages, and takes into account the vehicles usage and the track conditions. In this context, NDT is used to search for defects and failures on wheelsets.5BS EN 169101:2018EN 16910-1:2018 (E)Introduction of new NDT techniquesA
27、NDT technique is considered new upon a documented decision made by a level 3 NDT personnel.NOTE This decision can be made in comparison to other techniques already used by the workshop or the company for the appropriate usage and purpose.New NDT techniques shall be authorized by a level 3 NDT person
28、nel in the method.The following topics shall be addressed:a) defect characterization in accordance with the applied method:1) the length, depth, shape, profile and orientation of the defect that the equipment can identify in a test sample shall be declared. The defect of the specified size shall be
29、identified in a full-size representative test piece;2) the NDT equipment shall identify the location of defects in the components;3) any limiting conditions of the component being tested that restrict the application of the process and achievement of identifying the declared defects shall be defined
30、;4) the materials to which the technique is to be applied shall be identified and any limitations associated with the conditions or surface coatings declared;5) the equipment shall be evaluated on components in the condition that the test will routinely be applied.b) demonstration:1) the NDT equipme
31、nt shall be proven to identify a defect of known dimensions introduced into a component. The defect dimensions shall be confirmed using an existing proven NDT technique;2) blind trials should be undertaken to identify defects in component parts that have previously been rejected by a proven techniqu
32、e. Where the new technique has greater sensitivity than the comparison technique, then all defects identified by the comparison technique shall be detected by the new technique. It is recommended to use defects from service.c) calibration:1) calibration processes for the equipment shall be identifie
33、d and defined by a level 3 NDT personnel.d) ease of use:1) for automatic systems where the test results are presented in a form that does not require interpretation the output shall specify the results;2) the application of the process and analysis of outputs should take into consideration human fac
34、tors, including, for example, ease of use, risk of fatigue, and interpretation of results;3) the NDT test equipment should be suitable for the environment in which it will operate. Portable equipment should be packaged in appropriate enclosures and provided with adequate carrying facilities;6BS EN 1
35、69101:2018EN 16910-1:2018 (E)4) the test equipment and any part that comes into contact with the component being tested shall not damage the component.e) expertise:1) the operator knowledge and skills required to successfully operate the new equipment shall be evaluated compared to those required fo
36、r existing NDT techniques.f) report document for a new technique:1) the results and demonstrations of the introduction process of a new technique should be summarized in a report;2) the new NDT technique authorization shall be given by a level 3 NDT personnel.7BS EN 169101:2018EN 16910-1:2018 (E)1 S
37、copeThis European Standard provides the specific requirements for NDT of wheelsets for: inservice maintenance; offvehicle maintenance; NDT personnel; NDT documentation (Procedure and Instruction); traceability of the maintenance NDT results.It gives guidance for the introduction of new NDT technique
38、s.For this standard, the following NDT methods are considered: Ultrasonic testing (UT); Magnetic particle testing (MT); Eddy Current testing (ET).Other methods considered in EN ISO 9712:2012 are outside the scope of this standard.For this purpose, a catalogue of the common defects is given as guidan
39、ce. Examples of common NDT indications are given in an informative annex.Specific NDT requirements relating to the quality of new products delivered by manufacturers are not within the scope of this European Standard.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively
40、 referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.EN 15313, Railway applications In-service wheelset operation requirem
41、ents In-service and off-vehicle wheelset maintenanceEN ISO 9712:2012, Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of NDT personnel (ISO 9712:2012)CEN ISO/TR 25107:2006, Non-destructive testing Guidelines for NDT training syllabuses (ISO/TR 25107:2006)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purpos
42、es of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15313 and the following apply.3.1non-destructive testsNDTprocess of examining a component to assess its integrity by a means which does not compromise the components properties and characteristics8 BS EN 169101:2018EN 16910-1:2018 (E)3.2indi
43、cationrepresentation or signal from a discontinuity in the format typical for the NDT method usedSOURCE: EN 13302:1998, 2.123.3defectdiscontinuity defectdiscontinuity or inhomogeneity which creates an indication which can prevent the component from fulfilling its designed purpose3.4acceptance or rej
44、ection criteriacriteria against which the specimen is examined in order to determine its acceptability / rejectability3.5crackslocal separation of material mostly of 2 dimensions direction resulting from thermal, chemical or mechanical exposure3.6NDT instructionwritten description of the precise ste
45、ps to be followed in testing to an established standard, code, specification or NDT procedureSOURCE: EN ISO 9712:2012, 3.163.7NDT methoddiscipline applying a physical principle in nondestructive testingSOURCE: EN ISO 9712:2012, 3.173.8NDT procedurewritten description of all essential parameters and
46、precautions to be applied when nondestructively testing products in accordance with standard(s), code(s) or specification(s)SOURCE: EN ISO 9712:2012, 3.183.9NDT techniquespecific way of utilizing an NDT methodSOURCE: EN ISO 9712:2012, 3.193.10NDT trainingprocess of instruction in theory and practice
47、 in the NDT method3.11semi-automated test equipmentmechanical equipment with automated mechanical movement of the test object or test equipment but evaluation is left to the NDT personnel3.12detection thresholddefect size at which defects can be reliably detected by the chosen method9BS EN 169101:20
48、18EN 16910-1:2018 (E)4 Requirements for NDT personnel4.1 GeneralNDT personnel shall have knowledge and skills relevant to the component to which they are inspecting. An example of a typical process is shown in the Informative Annex A.The organization offering the training, examination and acceptance
49、 of experience shall provide evidence of fulfilling the relevant requirements of this standard.NOTE In practice the evidence is provided by an independent body to the organization.These processes are organized with three levels of competence: level 1 personnel: persons with competencies in a specific NDT method that allows to perform the following in accordance with NDT instructions: set up NDT equipment, perform the tests, record and classify the results of the tests according to written criteria, report
