1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Soil quality - Sampling of soil invertebratesPart 1: Hand-sorting and extraction of earthwormsBS EN ISO 23611-1:2018National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 23611-1:2018. It is identical
2、 to ISO 23611-1:2018. It supersedes BS EN ISO 23611-1:2011, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/4, Soil quality.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not p
3、urport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 95880 9ICS 13.080.05; 13.080.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
4、legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 23611-1:2018EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 23611-1
5、July 2018ICS 13.080.30; 13.080.05 Supersedes EN ISO 23611-1:2011EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGCEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2018 CEN Ref. No. EN ISO 23611-1:2018: EAll rights of exploitation in any
6、 form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national MembersSoil quality - Sampling of soil invertebrates - Part 1: Hand-sorting and extraction of earthworms (ISO 23611-1:2018)Qualit du sol - Prlvement des invertbrs du sol - Partie 1: Tri manuel et extraction des vers de terre (ISO 23611-1:201
7、8)Bodenbeschaffenheit - Probenahme von Wirbellosen im Boden - Teil 1: Handauslese und Extraktion von Regenwrmern (ISO 23611-1:2018)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 May 2018.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giv
8、ing this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three offi
9、cial versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of
10、Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia,
11、Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.English VersionEN ISO 23611-1:2018 (E)European forewordThis document (EN ISO 23611-1:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 444 “Test methods for environmental cha
12、racterization of solid matrices” the secretariat of which is held by NEN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2019, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
13、latest by January 2019.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.This document supersedes EN ISO 23611-1:2011.According to the CEN-CENELEC Inter
14、nal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ir
15、eland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.Endorsement noticeThe text of ISO 23611-1:2018 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 23611-1:2018 without any modific
16、ation.iiBS EN ISO 23611-1:2018ISO 23611-1:2018Introduction ivForeword v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 25 Reagents 26 Apparatus . 37 Procedure. 37.1 Sampling of the earthworms . 37.1.1 General 37.1.2 Hand-sorting . 47.1.3 AITC extraction 57.2 Preservation 67
17、.3 Determination of biomass . 68 Data assessment 69 Test report . 7Annex A (informative) Other methods for sampling . 8Annex B (informative) Species determination in earthworms . 9Annex C (informative) The modified TSBF method 10Annex D (normative) Determination of maximum water-holding capacity 11A
18、nnex E (informative) Examples of earthworm monitoring programmes (including presentation of their results) .12Bibliography .16 ISO 2018 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 23611-1:2018ISO 23611-1:2018IntroductionThis document has been drawn up since there is a growing need for the standard
19、ization of terrestrial zoological field methods. Such methods, mainly covering the sampling, extraction and handling of soil invertebrates, are necessary for the following purposes: biological classification of soils including soil quality assessment253139; terrestrial bio-indication and long-term m
20、onitoring111433; evaluation of the effects of chemicals on soil animals (ISO 11268-3).Data for these purposes are gained by standardized methods since they can form the basis for far-reaching decisions (e.g. whether a given site should be remediated or not). In fact, the lack of such standardised me
21、thods is one of the most important reasons why bio-classification and bio-assessment in terrestrial (i.e. soil) habitats has so far relatively rarely been used in comparison to aquatic sites.Since it is neither possible nor useful to standardize methods for all soil organisms, the most important one
22、s have been selected. In this document sampling of earthworms is described.Originally, the methods described in this document were developed for taxonomical and ecological studies, investigating the role of earthworms in various soil ecosystems. These animals are without doubt the most important soi
23、l invertebrates in temperate regions and, to a lesser extent, in boreal and tropical soils301618. Since Darwin (1881) (see Reference 8), their influence on soil structure (e.g. aeration, water holding capacity) and soil functions like litter decomposition and nutrient cycling is well-known10. Due to
24、 their often very high biomass they are also important in many terrestrial food-webs.In the previous version of this document the chemical formalin was recommended as extraction fluid. However, within the last years evidence increased that formalin does have critical properties, mainly in terms of h
25、uman toxicity. In December 2012, the Risk Assessment Committee (RAC) of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) stated that there is sufficient scientific evidence to classify this chemical as “probably carcinogenic for humans (Category Ib). In addition, negative effects on non-target organisms (includ
26、ing soil microorganisms, mesofauna and plants) have been reported (e.g. see Reference 7). Therefore, this substance has been replaced.Due to the growing reservations against the use of formalin, several alternatives have been studied. In Reference 40 allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) was tested for its ef
27、fectiveness as a chemical expellant for sampling earthworms. AITC is a natural breakdown product of glucosinolates in many Cruciferae, i.e. it is the component imparting the sharp taste of mustard. According to the European Chemical Agency (ECHA), there is no concern regarding its use under outdoor
28、conditions.Over the last years, some studies have been performed in which the extraction efficiency of formalin and AITC were compared at the same sites and dates. According to Reference 22 no differences were found in numbers or biomass of earthworms extracted at crop sites when using either formal
29、in or AITC as extractant. In a recent unpublished review (see Reference 28) no significant differences were reported in earthworm numbers/biomass when comparing the efficiency of the two extraction chemicals. Also, no interaction was found on the sampling sites between the extractant and the site, i
30、ndicating that no site-specific differences were observed in extraction efficiency of the extractants. When plotting the correlation between worm numbers extracted with AITC versus formalin in a Bland-Altman graph (a common way to compare a gold-standard method to an alternative method in the medica
31、l sciences), no significant bias of the AITC method as compared to the formalin method was found, indicating the similarity / exchangeability of the two methods.Basic information on the ecology of earthworms and their use as bioindicators in the terrestrial environment can be found in the references
32、 listed in the Bibliography.iv ISO 2018 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 23611-1:2018ISO 23611-1:2018ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carr
33、ied out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
34、ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the differen
35、t approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be
36、 the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
37、Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organ
38、ization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 4, Biological characterization.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition
39、 (ISO 23611-1:2006), which has been technically revised. The main changes are: the use of a new chemical extraction compound, AITC (allyl-isothiocyanate), instead of formalin; the addition of examples of earthworm monitoring programmes (including presentation of their results) as an informative Anne
40、x E.A list of all parts in the ISO 23611 series can be found on the ISO website. ISO 2018 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 23611-1:2018This page deliberately left blankSoil quality - Sampling of soil invertebrates Part 1: Hand-sorting and extraction of earthworms1 ScopeThis document specifies a method
41、 for sampling and handling earthworms from field soils as a prerequisite for using these animals as bioindicators (e.g. to assess the quality of a soil as a habitat for organisms).This document applies to all terrestrial biotopes in which earthworms occur. The sampling design of field studies in gen
42、eral is given in ISO 18400-101 and guidance on the determination of effects of pollutants on earthworms in field situations is given in ISO 11268-3. These aspects can vary according to the national requirements or the climatic/regional conditions of the site to be sampled (see also Annex C).This doc
43、ument is not applicable for semi-terrestrial soils and it can be difficult to use under extreme climatic or geographical conditions (e.g. in high mountains). Methods for some other soil organism groups, such as collembolans, are covered in other parts of ISO 23611.2 Normative referencesThe following
44、 documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 10390,
45、Soil quality Determination of pHISO 10694, Soil quality Determination of organic and total carbon after dry combustion (elementary analysis)ISO 11260, Soil quality Determination of effective cation exchange capacity and base saturation level using barium chloride solutionISO 11277, Soil quality Dete
46、rmination of particle size distribution in mineral soil material Method by sieving and sedimentationISO 11465, Soil quality Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis Gravimetric method3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions ap
47、ply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:/www.iso.org/obp IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23611-1:2018 ISO 2018 All rights reserved 1B
48、S EN ISO 23611-1:2018ISO 23611-1:20183.1earthwormsmegadrile soil-inhabiting earthworms belonging to the order Oligochaeta (class Clitellata, phylum Annelida)Note 1 to entry: The length of adult individuals can vary from a few centimetres to more than 1 m.EXAMPLE Species of the families Lumbricidae (
49、Holarctic), Glossoscolecidae (Latin America), Eudrilidae (Africa) or Megascolecidae Asia, North America (Pacific Coast).3.2peregrine speciesearthworms occurring in many regions world-wide today, usually introduced by manNote 1 to entry: Well-known examples of peregrine species are several lumbricid species like Aporrectodea caliginosa (originally coming from Eurasia, but now living also in the Americas and Australia) or the pan-tropical species Pontoscolex corethrurus (probably coming from Northern Brazil and
