1、专升本英语（阅读）-试卷 79 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark
2、 your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.（分数：10.00）_The physicist investigating the relationship between time and space, the chemist exploring the properties of a new substance , the biologist probing the mysteries of the continuity of life, and the anthropologist (人类学
3、家) searching for human origins share a common trait , curiosity. Not that non-scientists are not curious; most people possess this characteristic. The scientist, however, uses a specific method to make researches into these enigmatic problemsthe scientific method. Unfortunately, science and its meth
4、od are misunderstood. The multiplication of our knowledge in medicine and technology has led to the idea that science can cure all and explain all and that only enough time, money and intelligence are needed. In truth, science cannot provide all answers. In fact, many phenomena are not even subject
5、to scientific explanations. On the other side of the coin, science has been attacked as a cause of most contemporary problems. It is said to be responsible for the depersonalization (使失去个性) of the individual, for stripping (夺去) creativity from human behavior, and for creating massive threats to the
6、species through the development of nuclear power, insecticides, and polluting machinery. If we analyze the situation we can see that it was not the original intent of the people who developed computers to debase humankind, nor was mass production proposed as a method to crush creativity. It is what
7、society, policymakers especially, does with scientific achievements that makes them social or antisocial. There is nothing inherently good or bad about science.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Scientists and their curiosity.B.Science and scientific met
8、hod.C.Understandings of science.D.Misunderstandings of science.(2).The last sentence of Para. 2 could be explained as which of the following?（分数：2.00）A.Many phenomena can be subjects of scientific explanations.B.Many phenomena can find answers in scientific explanations.C.Scientific explanations can
9、not provide answers to many phenomena.D.Scientific explanations are not related to many phenomena.(3).The expression “to debase humankind“ in Para. 3 could be explained as_.（分数：2.00）A.to provide base to humankindB.to reduce the value of humankindC.to get rid of humankindD.to compete with humankind(4
10、).According to the last paragraph, which of the following will be accepted by the author?（分数：2.00）A.Science is the cause of modern problems.B.Science itself is neither good nor bad.C.Science leads to environmental pollution.D.Science causes many antisocial acts.(5).In the expression “On the other si
11、de of the coin“ in Para. 3 “the coin“ is used to refer to _.（分数：2.00）A.the misunderstanding scienceB.the scientific explanationC.the money needed in scientific researchD.the curiosity of scientists and non-scientistsThere are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degrees of heal
12、th and wealth and the other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes miserable. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, and events, and the resulting effects upon their minds. The people who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of
13、things, the pleasant parts of conversation, the well-prepared dishes, the goodness of the wines, and the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things. Therefore, they are continually discontented. By their remarks, they sou
14、r the pleasures of society, offend many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The tendency to criticize and be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation. It grows into a habit
15、, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit. Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagina
16、tion, it has serious consequences in life, since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others, nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect, and scarcely that. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arg
17、uments. If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor will anyone speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public disapproval, no one will defend or excuse them. These people should change this bad habit. If they do not, it will be
18、good for others to avoid any contact with them.（分数：10.00）(1).People who are to be unhappy_.（分数：2.00）A.always consider things differently from othersB.are usually influenced by the results of certain thingsC.can discover the unpleasant part of certain thingsD.usually have a fault-finding habit(2).Whe
19、n those unhappy people meet others, they will_.（分数：2.00）A.have a good taste of the pleasures of societyB.feel depressed about the pleasures of societyC.be happy with the pleasures of societyD.enjoy the pleasures of society(3).According to the passage, it can be safely said that_.（分数：2.00）A.if they r
20、ealize the harmfulness of their habits the unhappy people may get rid of itB.if people are in misery, they will be critical about everythingC.we should not pity these unhappy people for their self-criticismD.these unhappy people are not content with anything they have(4).“And scarcely that“ in the l
21、ast paragraph means_.（分数：2.00）A.just like thatB.almost not like thatC.more than thatD.not at all like that(5).If such unhappy persons dont change their bad behavior, the authors suggests that people_.（分数：2.00）A.avoid contacting with themB.criticize their misconductC.help them recognize its bad effec
22、tsD.show no respect and politeness to themSuppose we built a robot (机器人) to explore the planet Mars. We provide the robot with seeing detectors to keep it away from danger. It is powered entirely by the sun. Should we program the robot to be equally active at all times? No. The robot would be using
23、up energy at a time when it was not receiving any. So we would probably program it to cease its activity at night and to wake up at dawn the next morning. According to the evolutionary theory of sleep, evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking for the same reason. The theor
24、y does not deny that sleep provides some important restorative functions. It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform those functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous. However, sleep protects us only from the sort of trouble we might walk into; it do
25、es not protect us from trouble that comes looking for us. So we sleep well when we are in a familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent. The evolutionary theory accounts well for differences in sleep among creatures. Why do cats, for instanc
26、e, sleep so much, while horses sleep so little? Surely cats do not need five times as much repair and restoration as horses do. But cats can afford to have long periods of inactivity because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they sleep. Horses must spend almost all
27、their waking hours eating, because what they eat is very low in energy value. Moreover, they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deeply, because their survival depends on their ability to run away from attackers.（分数：10.00）(1).The author uses the example of the robot in space exploration to tell u
28、s_.（分数：2.00）A.the difference between robots and menB.the reason why men need to sleepC.about the need for robots to save powerD.about the danger of men working at night(2).Evolution has programmed man to sleep at night chiefly to help him_.（分数：2.00）A.maintain a regular pattern of lifeB.prevent troub
29、le that comes looking for himC.avoid danger and inefficient laborD.restore his bodily functions(3).According to the author, we cannot sleep well when we _.（分数：2.00）A.are worrying about our safetyB.are overworkedC.are in a tentD.are away from home(4).Cats sleep much more than horses do partly because
30、 cats_.（分数：2.00）A.need more time for restorationB.are unlikely to be attackedC.are more active than horses when they are awakeD.spend less time eating to get enough energy(5).Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Evolution has equipped all creatures with a regular pattern
31、 of sleeping and waking.B.The study of sleep is an important part of the evolutionary theory.C.Sleeping patterns must be taken into consideration in the designing of robots.D.The sleeping pattern of a living creature is determined by the food it eats.“Congratulations, Mr. Jones, its a girl.“ Fatherh
32、ood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different response from every man who hears these words. Some feel pride when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers. Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable
33、 experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwilling
34、ly. Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the shift from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this re-socialization process. Although numerous books have been written about America
35、n mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father. It is argued by some writers that the transition to the fathers role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mothers role. The mothers role seems to require a complete transformat
36、ion in daily routine and highly innovative adaptation, on the other hand, the fathers role is less demanding and immediate. However, even though we mentioned the fact that growing numbers of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the bread-winner in the household.
37、（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, being a father_.（分数：2.00）A.brings a feeling of excitement to some menB.has a different meaning for those who have daughtersC.makes some men feel proud and others uneasyD.means nothing but more responsibilities(2).It is stated in the passage that_.（分数：2.00）A.som
38、e parents are not prepared to have a childB.young couples do not like children at allC.working couples do not have much time to take care of their childrenD.many parents look forward to having a boy as their first child(3).In the second paragraph, the author_.（分数：2.00）A.criticizes fathers for not ta
39、king enough responsibilities in bringing up their childrenB.excuses the American writers for ignoring the difficulties of being a fatherC.supports the idea that the chief role of a father is to earn money for the familyD.complains about the lack of social programs to help husbands adjust themselves
40、to being a father(4).The transition to the mothers role requires that the wife_.（分数：2.00）A.change her life style in a highly innovative wayB.make a complete change in her everyday life to deal with the new situationC.stay at home to take care of the babyD.help her husband in his re-socialization pro
41、cess(5).Some writers argue that with respect to the change of roles, fathers, compared with mothers, _（分数：2.00）A.have to shoulder more burdensB.have to make more difficult adaptationsC.have an easier job to doD.can usually do a better jobUnder proper conditions, sound waves will be reflected from a
42、hillside or other such obstruction. Sound travels at the rate of about one-fifth of a mile per second. If the hill is eleven hundred feet away, it takes two seconds for the sound to travel to the hill and back. Thus, by timing the interval between a sound and its reflection (the echo), you can estim
43、ate the distance to an obstruction. During World War II the British used a practical application of this principle to detect German planes on their way to bomb London long before the enemy was near the target. They used radio waves instead of sound waves, since radio waves can penetrate fog and clou
44、ds. The outnumbered Royal Air Force (RAF) always seemed to the puzzled Germans to be lying in wait at the right time and never to be surprised. It was radio echoes more titan anything else that won the Battle of Britain. Since the radio waves were used to tell the direction in which to send the RAF
45、planes and the distance to sand them (their range of flight, in other words), the device was called radio directing and ranging, and from the initials the word radar was coined.（分数：10.00）(1).Sound waves reflected from a hill can be used to estimate the_.（分数：2.00）A.height of the hillB.speed of soundC
46、.distance to the hillD.intensity of sound(2).The estimate is based on the_.（分数：2.00）A.direction of the hillB.accepted speed of soundC.interval between sound and echoD.both B and C(3).Practical application of this principle resulted in_.（分数：2.00）A.new electronic instruments for planesB.a radio direct
47、ing and ranging deviceC.new radio sets for RAF bombersD.an electronic detecting device(4).Radar enabled the English to_.（分数：2.00）A.detect German planes on their way to LondonB.direct the outnumbered RAF planes effectivelyC.confuse German bomber pilotsD.both A and B(5).The British used radio waves be
48、cause they_.（分数：2.00）A.were more exact than sound wavesB.could not be detectedC.could penetrate fog and cloudsD.were easier to use than sound waves专升本英语（阅读）-试卷 79 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.（分数：10.00）_解析：The physicist investigating the re
